Deck 16: The Psychology of Men and Masculinity

Question 1

According to Pleck's historical analysis of changes in the male role, psychologists' emphasis on psychological masculinity, beginning in the l930s, occurred ______.

A) as a means of preparing men psychologically for World War II
B) as a result of political pressure to design tests to measure everything from intelligence to masculinity
C) just as external, institutional definitions of masculinity declined
D) as Freudian theory reached the United States

Answer 1

just as external, institutional definitions of masculinity declined

Question 2

Data show that between 1965 and 2011, the amount of time fathers spent engaging in childcare ______.

A) decreased slightly
B) roughly remained the same
C) doubled
D) increased threefold

Answer 2

increased threefold

Question 3

Men who endorse a traditional masculinity ideology show higher levels of ______.

A) testosterone
B) gender role strain
C) personality disorders
D) alexithymia

Answer 3

alexithymia

Question 4

Gender segregated play and gender typing of toys and activities appear to have ______.

A) little influence on children
B) been flexible through the generations
C) mutually reinforcing effects
D) negative reinforcements

Question 5

It is impossible to understand the female role without also considering the male role because both are firmly rooted in ______.

A) the gender spectrum
B) traditional gender roles
C) the gender binary
D) fluid gender roles

Question 6

"Bad but bold" is ______.

A) a stereotype about feminists
B) a stereotype about men, found in many nations
C) a stereotype about men, found in European and American cultures, but not in other cultures
D) a stereotype about teenage males in the United States

Question 7

Aziz has been experiencing personal turmoil and sudden changes in lifestyle, touched off by a realization of aging, physical decline, and feeling trapped in his roles. Aziz may be experiencing ______.

A) ADAM
B) stagnation versus generativity
C) a midlife crisis
D) andropause

Question 8

The notion that a masculine identity is extremely important psychologically is part of the ______.

A) male gender role identity paradigm
B) sex role strain paradigm
C) psychoanalytic theory only
D) stated goals of the men's liberation movement

Question 9

______ are central to masculinity and the male role.

A) Nurturing and care
B) Skill and ability
C) Intelligence and wit
D) Power and dominance

Question 10

The businessman, the family man, and the player ______.

A) are male roles from the 20th century that are no longer generalizable today
B) are all stereotypes of men
C) are all associated with worse physical health for men
D) are all consistent with the Sex Role Strain paradigm

Question 11

One of the most important demands of the male role in adolescence is for ______.

A) rebelliousness
B) academic success
C) interpersonal relationships
D) athleticism

Question 12

The assumptions that gender roles are often inconsistent and contradictory and that some characteristics prescribed by gender roles are actually maladaptive for men are part of the ______.

A) gender role strain paradigm
B) gender role identity paradigm
C) feminists paradigm
D) men's paradigm

Question 13

Success on the job, earning a lot of money, and gaining power over others are all important parts of ______.

A) the modern male role
B) the male role up to the 1950s but not seen as much today
C) the traditional male role
D) the standards imposed on men by psychologists

Question 14

Hyperactivity ______.

A) is considerably more common among girls than boys
B) is considerably more common among boys than girls
C) is similar in prevalence among boys and girls
D) in boys is thought to be a result of circumcision

Question 15

In childhood, the ______ become(s) an increasingly important socializing force as children develop.

A) parents' gender ideals
B) peer group
C) family
D) teachers

Question 16

Books such as The War Against Boys (2000) can be seen as ______.

A) based on the Sex Role Strain Paradigm
B) a backlash against advances for girls in the schools
C) based on feminist theory
D) highlighting boys' motivation in school

Question 17

According to Michael Kimmel's concept of Guyland, ______.

A) games for boys far outnumber games for girls
B) the college years for men have become a period of binge drinking, watching porn with the guys, and hooking up
C) colleges are devoted to helping young men with their careers, but not young women
D) the popularity of man caves is harming men

Question 18

"Andropause" refers to ______.

A) the time in middle age when men pause to reflect on their accomplishments, or lack thereof
B) a time of declining testosterone levels in middle-aged men
C) cessation of menstruation in middle-aged women taking androgen-containing drugs
D) the cessation of ejaculation in middle-aged men

Question 19

Research shows children whose fathers are involved, nurturing, and playful tend to ______.

A) have behavior and conduct problems
B) have higher IQ but lower attentiveness
C) be more aggressive in their play
D) have better self-regulation

Question 20

Providing economic support, showing affection, and sharing activities are all examples of ______.

A) fathers' direct effects on their children
B) impacts we see from mothers more than fathers
C) mothers' indirect effects on their children
D) impacts we see from fathers more than mothers

Question 21

Most Latino men believe the man should be the provider for the family. The strength of this belief decreases ______.

A) when the man gets married
B) as the man enters old age
C) depending on the level of acculturation
D) the fewer children he has

Question 22

In men, vasocongestion produces ______.

A) more androgens throughout the bloodstream
B) extra testosterone during sexual activities
C) erection of the penis
D) spermarche in men

Question 23

Research shows the more conflict that men experience in the male role, the greater their psychological distress and the lower their self-esteem.

Question 24

Regarding the psychology of male sexuality, ______ tends to be a central aspect of masculinity.

A) communication
B) heterosexuality
C) refractory
D) spermarche

Question 25

Fathers do not experience postpartum depression when transitioning into parenthood.

Question 26

One difference between women's and men's sexual functioning is that men have a ______.

A) refractory period
B) resolution period
C) plateau phase
D) excitement phase

Question 27

Research shows that children are more like their same-gender parent.

Question 28

Research shows that about 30% of men go through a true midlife crisis.

Question 29

Each year, 1,400 college students die as a result of drinking.

Question 30

Today, Black men are ______ times more likely than White men to be incarcerated.

A) two
B) three
C) five
D) six

Question 31

The length of the sexual refractory period typically remains stable throughout a man's life.

Question 32

Fathers can be just as sensitive and responsive to their children as mothers are.

Question 33

Over half of boy infants in the United States are circumcised.

Question 34

Black men in two-parent families monitor their children more and take on more responsibility for child-rearing than White men in two-parent families.

Question 35

Asian American men are ______.

A) more likely to commit high profile crimes
B) stereotyped as lazy
C) stereotyped as not living up to the ideal traditional White masculinity
D) the least diverse population in the United States

Question 36

Which group has the highest unemployment rate?

A) Asian American
B) African American men
C) Hispanic men
D) White men

Question 37

Acculturation for American Indian men has had the effect of ______.

A) loss of the traditional role of spiritual leader
B) decreasing male purpose
C) increase in egalitarian roles between men and women
D) increasing male dominance

Question 38

There is tremendous diversity among Asian American groups.

Question 39

In regard to gender socialization in Latin American cultures, ______.

A) boys are given more freedom than girls are
B) boys are expected to share in housework
C) boys are encouraged to be unloving toward women
D) boys are expected to get good grades in school

Question 40

The ______ paradigm is most useful in understanding the experience of African American males.

A) Male Sex Role Identity
B) Sex Role Strain
C) behaviorist
D) schema

Question 41

Compare and contrast women and men's physical sexual response cycle.

Question 42

Explain how behaviors associated with the male role increase men's health issues and lower their life expectancy.

Question 43

What are some reasons parents choose to have their sons circumcised?

Question 44

What are the four major components of masculinity ideology?

Question 45

What does ADAM stand for in regard to men in middle age and what are the implications of this? Is this similar to or different than menopause?

Question 46

The Gender Role Identity paradigm assumes that men's negative attitudes and behaviors toward women stem from men's problems with gender role identity that are caused by mothers. What are feminists' main criticisms regarding this perspective?

Question 47

Discuss paternal influence. Specifically, compare and contrast direct effects and indirect effects in terms of fathers' behaviors influencing their children and give an example of each. What are the implications of paternal influence on children?

Question 48

Explain the "cool pose" and its implications on young Black men.

Question 49

A recent analysis of masculinity and the male role suggests that gender roles differ not only in content, but also in structure. What does the theory of precarious manhood say about masculinity and what are the implications of this?

Question 50

Explain at least two of the psychobiological changes most men go through during middle age.