Deck 15: Speaking to Persuade

Question 1

When students arrived for the speech by Joe Clark, they had already seen posters around campus with his picture and the mention of a movie about him, Lean on Me, which many had even seen. In his speech of introduction, the student body president complimented Clark's achievements and commented upon his awards and recognition. The publicity and the introduction enhanced Mr. Clark's _____ credibility.

A) initial
B) derived
C) terminal
D) vicarious

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A speech that emphasizes the ethical character of a speaker is demonstrating _____.

A) eros
B) ethos
C) logos
D) pathos

Answer 2

B

Question 3

"At the end of my speech, the audience will prefer drinking water to drinking soda" is an example of a speech that targets a(n) _____.

A) value
B) belief
C) attitude
D) behavior

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In her persuasive speech, Martha spoke about the alleged espionage by the Chinese, and the possible theft of U.S. nuclear armament secrets. She got the audience to think about the possibility that China could one day use high-tech nuclear weapons against the United States, and challenged them to monitor Senate hearings on the problem. What form of motivation did Martha employ in her speech?

A) an appeal to patriotism
B) an appeal to basic self-esteem needs
C) a positive visualization
D) a fear appeal

Question 5

Natalie checked online for movie show times. When she arrived at the theater, she found it had started an hour earlier than what was posted online. Afterwards, Natalie told her friend not to use the Internet because it was an unreliable source of information. This is an example of which reasoning fallacy?

A) hasty generalization
B) red herring
C) misplaced authority
D) either-or

Question 6

Which needs in Maslow's hierarchy refer to basic needs such as food, water, and air?

A) physiological
B) security
C) self-actualization
D) self-esteem

Question 7

"Fast food restaurants should be required to provide nutritional information about items on their menu" is a proposition of _____.

A) value
B) fact
C) policy
D) belief

Question 8

Jamal told his audience, "Everyone agrees that our political system controls big business." His statement is an example of the _____.

A) bandwagon fallacy
B) ad hominem fallacy
C) appeal to misplaced authority
D) either-or fallacy

Question 9

"At the end of my speech, the audience will acknowledge that an increase in property taxes is directly related to the increase in pay for Congress" is an example of a speech that targets a(n) _____.

A) value
B) belief
C) attitude
D) behavior

Question 10

The process of changing or reinforcing attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior is called _____.

A) informing
B) entertaining
C) persuading
D) refuting

Question 11

_____ is a reflection of a speaker's information, skill, and knowledge.

A) Competence
B) Trustworthiness
C) Dynamism
D) Charisma

Question 12

Jaxon wants to persuade his audience that recycling plastic and glass leads to soil conservation. You recognize this as a proposition of _____.

A) fact
B) attitude
C) behavior
D) value

Question 13

In your speech to high school students, you explain how you have seen people do stupid things at parties as a result of drinking. You've witnessed how drunken people put themselves at risk, and you've heard of people's reputations being ruined because of alcohol-related incidents. Because of your experiences, you want to urge your listeners to avoid drinking in social situations, so they will not suffer similar consequences. What form of reasoning have you used in this speech?

A) deductive
B) inductive
C) causal
D) syllogistic

Question 14

Deductive reasoning moves from _____ to reach a specific conclusion.

A) logical fallacies
B) a general statement or principle
C) related events
D) specific examples or instances

Question 15

Garret told his classmate Keith that if he didn't write his term paper for him, then Garret was going to tell the professor that Keith cheated on the exam. This demonstrates the idea of _____.

A) persuasion
B) coercion
C) dissonance
D) needs

Question 16

Melanie loves to get a tan and can lay in the sun for hours even when her skin begins to burn. Lately, she has been hearing about the risks of skin cancer and now she isn't so sure that getting a tan is a good idea. What is Melanie experiencing?

A) values erosion
B) cognitive dissonance
C) indirect persuasion
D) logical fallacy

Question 17

In her persuasive speech, Micah says the following: "When you help with the community paint-a-thon, you will bring joy to the children and their families who live in this neighborhood." What form of persuasive appeal is this?

A) positive motivation
B) appeal to self-actualization need
C) cognitive dissonance
D) indirect appeal

Question 18

A classmate asks Caroline about evidence that seemed questionable in her persuasive speech. Caroline evades the issue by quickly bringing up an irrelevant fact about another point in her speech. What sort of logical fallacy does this illustrate?

A) non sequitur
B) appeal to misplaced authority
C) red herring
D) causal fallacy

Question 19

"All ministers are honest people. Reverend Thompson is a minister. Reverend Thompson is a minister; therefore, he is an honest man." This is an example of _____.

A) inductive reasoning
B) a syllogism
C) causal reasoning
D) a fallacy known as ad hominem

Question 20

When Kelsey tries to persuade her listeners to change the batteries in their smoke detector every six months, she is appealing to her listeners' _____ needs.

A) self-actualization
B) physiological
C) social
D) safety

Question 21

In a speech about improved public safety, Stewart quickly tells his audience exactly what he wants them to do. What type of audience is best suited for this direct appeal?

A) the uninformed audience
B) the neutral or apathetic audience
C) the receptive audience
D) the unreceptive or hostile audience

Question 22

Sarah identifies common arguments as to why Bigfoot does not exist and systematically argues against each of these objections. What organizational strategy is she using?

A) cause and effect
B) problem and solution
C) motivated sequence
D) refutation

Question 23

The need to be loved is an example of a self-esteem need within Maslow's hierarchy.

Question 24

_____ is the use of force to get another person to think or behave the way you wish.

Question 25

Norris showed a picture of a smiling baby during his talk on vaccinating toddlers. He was using _____ to appeal to the audience's emotion.

A) ethos
B) pathos
C) logos
D) mythos

Question 26

According to the elaboration likelihood model, if you respond to the catchy music in a radio advertisement, you have been persuaded by a peripheral factor.

Question 27

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for an unreceptive audience?

A) Provide a clear objective.
B) Tell your audience what you want them to do.
C) Acknowledge opposing points of view.
D) Save your strongest argument for last.

Question 28

In the motivated sequence organizational pattern, what step involves establishing why your topic should be of concern to your listeners?

A) visualization
B) need
C) satisfaction
D) action

Question 29

_____ is an enduring conception of right or wrong, good or bad.

Question 30

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, basic physiological needs must be satisfied before we tend to others.

Question 31

Trustworthiness is the part of a speaker's credibility that reflects believability and honesty.

Question 32

When you are addressing a neutral audience, you should ask for an immediate show of support.

Question 33

The material used to support a point or premise is called the proof.

Question 34

"I saw smoke coming from behind the mountain and when I arrived at that side of the mountain, I noticed a fire in a wooded area. The smoke must have come from the fire." This is an example of reasoning by analogy.

Question 35

_____ is a claim that you want your audience to agree with.

Question 36

"Drinking too much caffeine is harmful to your health" is a proposition of policy.

Question 37

"When I am finished with my presentation, the audience will testify that ghosts exist." This is an example of a(n) _____.

Question 38

_____ is the sense of mental discomfort that may prompt a person to change when new information conflicts with previously organized thought patterns.

Question 39

An advertisement for a yoga class telling future participants they will experience peace and contentment with yoga is attempting to motivate with a positive appeal.

Question 40

In the motivated sequence organizational plan, the satisfaction step deals with the identification of a solution.

Question 41

The final step in the motivated sequence organizational plan is _____.

Question 42

What is cognitive dissonance? How might a speaker use it in a persuasive speech?

Question 43

Aristotle used the term _____ to refer to logical arguments.

Question 44

Explain what a speaker can do to enhance initial credibility, derived credibility, and terminal credibility.

Question 45

Briefly discuss the use of the persuasive proposition and describe a proposition of fact, a proposition of value, and a proposition of policy. Provide an example of each type of proposition.

Question 46

_____ is the aspect of a speaker's credibility that reflects perceived energy.

Question 47

Select one of the topics given below for this question. Using the topic, develop an organizational plan using the motivated sequence. Include and explain each step in the sequence.
Topics:
1. Audience members should volunteer to be bone marrow donors;
2. The Board of Regents should vote to lower the tuition at this university;
3. Audience members should make a commitment to exercise at least thirty minutes each day.

Question 48

Propositions of _____ claim that something did or did not happen.

Question 49

When you paint a bleak picture of what's to come if nothing is done to change a situation, you are relying on negative _____ as described in the motivated sequence plan.

Question 50

Describe the elaboration likelihood model (ELM).