Deck 22: Training for the Female Athlete, Children, Special Populations, and the Masters Athlete

Question 1

At present, the recommendation for sports participation for people with epilepsy is that

A) the epileptic can participate in any sport when accompanied by a nonepileptic.
B) individuals with only mild seizure problems and with the aid of medication can participate in most sports activities without harm.
C) the individual should limit physical activity to low-intensity sports.
D) epileptics should not participate in sports.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Children with diabetes do not respond to training in the same manner as do nondiabetic children.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The female athlete triad includes

A) amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and normenorrhea.
B) bone mineral loss, dysmenorrhea, and eating disorders.
C) amenorrhea, bone mineral loss, and eating disorders.
D) eating disorders, bulimia, and normenorrhea.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The age-related decline in VO₂ max is due to

A) decreased maximal heart rate
B) decreased maximal stroke volume
C) decreased maximal a-v O₂ difference
D) all of these

Question 5

What is the major concern for children participating in endurance or resistance training?

A) that the muscles will grow faster than the bones
B) that constant microtrauma will cause premature closure of the growth plate
C) that there will be permanent cardiopulmonary damage
D) all of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

A) rapid weight loss
B) bathroom visits after meals
C) excessive exercise
D) preoccupation with food

Question 7

The decline in muscle mass with age is due to

A) a decrease in muscle fiber size
B) a decrease in the number of muscle fibers
C) both of these equally
D) neither of these

Question 8

The key to safe participation in sports conditioning for the person with type 1 diabetes is to

A) keep the intensity of the exercise low.
B) perform only short-term, high-intensity exercise.
C) learn to avoid hypoglycemic episodes during training.
D) learn to avoid small increases in blood glucose during training.

Question 9

The two major causes of bone mineral loss in female athletes are inadequate

A) calcium/vitamin D intake and high blood estrogen levels.
B) calcium/vitamin D intake and low blood estrogen levels.
C) phosphate intake and high blood testosterone.
D) phosphate intake and high blood estrogen levels.

Question 10

It is generally agreed that women who are physically fit can perform regular exercise during pregnancy.

Question 11

The occurrence of irregular menses in athletes is generally highest in

A) cyclists.
B) swimmers.
C) distance runners.
D) the same in all female athletes.

Question 12

Heavy endurance training in children has been shown to

A) increase the risk of cardiovascular failure.
B) decrease the risk of pulmonary disease.
C) cause permanent musculoskeletal damage.
D) improve maximal aerobic power comparable to adults if proper techniques of physical training are employed.

Question 13

Children and adults with asthma can engage in physical conditioning and sports if they

A) are able to control or prevent exercise-induced bronchospasms.
B) train with other asthmatics.
C) engage only in low-intensity activities.
D) learn to ignore breathing difficulties.

Question 14

Which of the following activities should people with asthma avoid?

A) running
B) swimming
C) scuba diving
D) cycling

Question 15

Dysmenorrhea is

A) an absence of menstruation.
B) infrequent menstruation.
C) painful menstruation.
D) 2-3 menses per year.

Question 16

Compared to male athletes, female athletes who participate in jumping and cutting sports are at higher risk for knee injuries, most likely because of

A) dynamic neuromuscular imbalances.
B) fluctuation in sex hormones.
C) gender differences in knee anatomy.
D) the female athlete triad.

Question 17

It is generally believed that regular, but not excessive, physical activity in children promotes optimal bone growth and development.

Question 18

People with type 1 diabetes should _______________ the dose of insulin they inject on strenuous training days to avoid hypoglycemia.

A) increase
B) decrease
C) double
D) not alter

Question 19

Aquatic exercise is recommended for pregnant women. Why?

A) It relieves pressure on the fetus.
B) It is associated with lower heart rate and perceived exertion.
C) It accelerates heat loss to maintain a lower body temperature.
D) All of the above.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a factor associated with increased risk of seizures during exercise in people with epilepsy?

A) hypoglycemia
B) electrolyte imbalance
C) hyperventilation
D) head trauma

Question 21

Children can safely engage in endurance exercise, but they cannot improve their maximal aerobic power through training.

Question 22

All cardiac abnormalities that could lead to sudden cardiac death can be identified with routine medical examination.