Deck 18: Body Composition and Nutrition for Health

Question 1

An excessive consumption of _______________ is most likely to lead to toxicity.

A) vitamin D
B) thiamin
C) riboflavin
D) niacin

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following Dietary Reference Intake standards represents the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular group?

A) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
B) Adequate Intake (AI)
C) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
D) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following contains the most saturated fat?

A) corn oil
B) olive oil
C) butter
D) All of these contain the same amount of saturated fat.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is not a recommendation included in the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

A) Consume nutrient-dense food and beverages.
B) Consume a vegetarian diet to reduce saturated fat intake.
C) Maintain body weight by balancing food calories with calories expended.
D) Engage in regular physical activity and reduce sedentary activity.

Question 5

Consuming inadequate amounts of ___________ can increase the chance of bone fractures in the elderly.

A) sodium
B) calcium
C) chloride
D) potassium

Question 6

Which of the following trace minerals is related to anemia?

A) zinc
B) iodine
C) iron
D) fluoride

Question 7

The energy contained in protein is

A) 4 kcals/g.
B) 7 kcals/g.
C) 9 kcals/g.
D) none of the above.

Question 8

In most overweight individuals (<30 kg fat mass), the excess fat is due to fat cell

A) hyperplasia.
B) hypertrophy.
C) dystrophy.
D) dysplasia.

Question 9

Some of the error in estimating body fatness from body density measurements is related to variability in the density of

A) the fat mass.
B) the fat-free mass.
C) water.

Question 10

According to the 2002 Institute of Medicine report, adults should get

A) 45-65% calories from carbohydrates.
B) 20-35% calories from fat.
C) 10-35% calories from protein.
D) All of the above are recommended.

Question 11

The DASH eating plan is effective for lowering blood pressure. It also leads to

A) weight loss.
B) diabetes.
C) higher LDL cholesterol.
D) lower fiber intake.

Question 12

The new USDA food pyramid, MyPyramid, is different from the previous version in that it

A) includes the major food groups.
B) is inverted, with the base at the top.
C) includes physical activity.
D) all of the above.

Question 13

In the densitometry method of body composition analysis, the density of the body is compared with the density of

A) fat.
B) muscle.
C) bone.
D) water.

Question 14

_________________ is/are the type of serum lipid that is related to a lower risk of heart disease.

A) Total cholesterol
B) HDL cholesterol
C) LDL cholesterol
D) Triglycerides

Question 15

The method of body composition assessment that measures body volume similar to underwater weighing, but in the air (as opposed to underwater) is

A) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
B) dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
C) ultrasound.
D) air displacement plethysmography.

Question 16

In an attempt to deal with some forms of hypertension, which of the following major minerals should be reduced in the diet of the average American?

A) sodium
B) calcium
C) chloride
D) potassium

Question 17

Which of the following is true concerning dietary fiber?

A) It provides a sense of fullness or satiety.
B) It increases blood cholesterol levels.
C) It is found primarily in meat and dairy products.
D) It is degraded into simple sugars by the digestive system.

Question 18

The basal metabolic rate of a sedentary person is usually __________ percent of his or her total energy expenditure.

A) 10-15
B) 50
C) 60-75
D) 90-100

Question 19

The optimal body fatness range for males is __________ percent.

A) 5-10
B) 8-22
C) 20-35
D) 1-2

Question 20

Moderate-intensity exercise is recommended for most individuals to achieve health and weight loss goals because

A) moderate exercise results in greater improvements in fitness than vigorous exercise.
B) more calories are expended through moderate exercise than vigorous exercise.
C) plasma free fatty acids are a primary energy source during moderate exercise.
D) none of the above.

Question 21

According to the nutrient balance model, which of the following nutrients, when consumed in excess, is most linked to weight gain?

A) carbohydrates
B) fat
C) protein
D) All of the above are equally linked to weight gain.

Question 22

Which of the following is/are the currently accepted anthropomorphic measurement method for the diagnosis of overweight and obesity?

A) the Metropolitan Life Insurance height and weight tables
B) body weight only
C) body mass index (BMI)
D) skinfold measurements

Question 23

The Daily Value (DV) is a standard used in food labeling and is based on a 2,000-kcal diet.

Question 24

On the basis of studies of adults over their lifespan, the gain of weight that occurs with age is due to an increase in caloric intake.

Question 25

According to the energy balance equation, weight gain will occur if

A) energy intake < energy expenditure.
B) energy intake = energy expenditure.
C) energy intake > energy expenditure.
D) none of the above.

Question 26

Body density calculated from the sum of skinfolds can be converted to percent fat using the Siri equation.

Question 27

A male with a body mass index of 27.5 kg/m² would be most accurately classified as

A) normal weight.
B) overweight.
C) obesity class I.
D) obesity class II.

Question 28

When a vitamin is activated, it becomes a provitamin.

Question 29

Individuals who cut their normal caloric intake in half experience a reduction in resting metabolic rate.

Question 30

If you did not correct the underwater weight for the air remaining in the lungs at the time of measurement, you would underestimate body fatness.

Question 31

Based on information from the National Weight Control Registry (the "successful losers"), the duration of exercise each day associated with sustained weight loss is

A) <30 min.
B) 30-60 min.
C) 60-90 min.

Question 32

The current prevalence of overweight (BMI >25 kg/m²) in all adults in the Unites States is

A) 35.9%.
B) 69.2%.
C) 80%.
D) 100%.