Deck 8: The Nervous System: Structure and Control of Movement

Question 1

The action potential is generated when a stimulus

A) opens sodium channels.
B) opens voltage-gated potassium channels.
C) causes the interior of the cell to become more negative.
D) blocks the entry of sodium into the cell.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Neurons can be divided into three basic parts:

A) cell body, soma, and axon.
B) soma, dendrites, and Schwann cells.
C) cell body, dendrites, and axon.
D) afferent, efferent, and dendrites.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the central nervous system are called

A) efferent fibers.
B) dendrites.
C) afferent fibers.
D) synapses.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The area of the brain that aids in control of movement and may initiate fast ballistic movements is the

A) cerebrum.
B) motor cortex.
C) brain stem.
D) cerebellum.

Question 5

An excitatory neurotransmitter results in increased neuronal permeability to

A) sodium and results in IPSPs.
B) sodium and results in EPSPs.
C) potassium and results in IPSPs.
D) potassium and results in EPSPs.

Question 6

The joint receptors that provide the central nervous system with information about body position are termed

A) motor neurons.
B) proprioceptors.
C) extrafusal fibers.
D) chemoreceptors.

Question 7

Neurons are negatively charged on the inside of the cell with respect to the charge on the exterior of the cell. This electrical charge difference is called

A) irritability.
B) conductivity.
C) action potential.
D) resting membrane potential.

Question 8

The summing of many EPSPs from a single pre-synaptic neuron over a short time period is called

A) spatial summation.
B) temporal summation.
C) IPSP.
D) hyperpolarization.

Question 9

The term kinesthesia refers to

A) the study of movement.
B) a lack of sensation in the muscles and joints.
C) conscious recognition of the position of body parts with respect to each other.
D) the transmission of a nerve impulse along the axon.

Question 10

Anatomically, the nervous system can be divided into two main parts:

A) afferent and efferent.
B) central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
C) sensory and motor.
D) sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Question 11

______________ refers to the ability of a neuron to respond to a stimulus.

A) Irritability
B) Conductivity
C) Depolarization
D) Repolarization

Question 12

The ______________________ is an organ located in the inner ear and is responsible for maintaining general equilibrium.

A) pacinian corpuscle
B) Golgi tendon organ
C) vestibular apparatus
D) cerebellum

Question 13

Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the basal ganglia resulting in

A) an impairment in maximal speed of movement.
B) increased involuntary movement of tremors.
C) an impairment in hearing.
D) impaired reaction times.

Question 14

Nerve fibers that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system are called

A) efferent.
B) afferent.
C) dendrites.
D) sensory.

Question 15

Neurotransmitters that cause depolarization of membranes are called

A) inhibitory transmitters.
B) receptors.
C) excitatory transmitters.
D) synaptic transmitters.

Question 16

A "movement plan" is developed by the _________________ before being sent to spinal centers for modification

A) medulla
B) cerebellum
C) motor cortex
D) sensory cortex

Question 17

The spinal cord translated a voluntary movement into appropriate muscle action. This is called

A) spinal modification.
B) spinal tuning.
C) motor activation.
D) action potential generation.

Question 18

The autonomic nervous system can be divided into two functional and anatomical divisions called

A) sympathetic and unsympathetic.
B) sympathetic and parasympathetic.
C) afferent and efferent.
D) CNS and PNS.

Question 19

The initial drive to move comes from

A) the motor cortex.
B) the cerebellum.
C) subcortical and cortical areas.
D) feedback from motor units.

Question 20

The motor cortex is concerned with voluntary movement and is located within the

A) cerebellum.
B) cerebrum.
C) brain stem.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 21

The neurological disease that progressively destroys the myelin sheaths of axons in multiple areas of the CNS is

A) Parkinson's disease.
B) kinesthesia.
C) multiple sclerosis.

Question 22

The thin muscle cells located within the muscle spindle are called

A) extrafusal fibers.
B) gamma fibers.
C) intrafusal fibers.
D) satellite cells.

Question 23

The "knee jerk" or stretch reflex is due to the activation of the

A) Golgi tendon organ
B) muscle spindle

Question 24

The sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is acetylcholine, and the parasympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is norepinephrine.

Question 25

Relative to brain health, regular aerobic exercise has been shown to

A) enhance learning and memory
B) improve brain blood flow
C) stimulate neuron formation
D) do all of the above.

Question 26

The Golgi tendon organs monitor

A) tension produced by muscular contraction.
B) the length of muscle.
C) the concentration of sodium ions in the sarcoplasm.
D) the position of joints during movement.

Question 27

Sympathetic neurons are motor neurons, and parasympathetic neurons are sensory neurons.

Question 28

Voluntary movements are planned and executed by the motor cortex without outside influence from other areas of the nervous system.

Question 29

The neurotransmitter used in the parasympathetic nervous system is

A) acetylcholine.
B) norepinephrine.
C) serotonin.
D) dopamine.

Question 30

Muscle spindles provide sensory information relative to the

A) amount of force generated by muscle during a contraction.
B) length of muscle.
C) amount of energy expended during a muscle contraction.
D) speed of muscle contraction.

Question 31

Equilibrium and balance require input from the

A) vestibular apparatus.
B) eyes.
C) joint, tendon, and muscle receptors.
D) all of the above.

Question 32

Which of the following is true concerning neurons?

A) The resting membrane potential is generally in the range of 40mv to 75mv.
B) Maintaining resting membrane potential requires the use of energy from ATP.
C) An action potential occurs when all of the neuron's potassium gates open.
D) The depolarization of a neuron occurs when the inside of the cell becomes more negative.