Question 1

A single bout of exercise can provide a positive boost to&#10;A) the innate immune system.&#10;B) the acquired immune system.&#10;C) both the innate and acquired immune system.&#10;D) neither the innate or acquired immune system.

Accepted Answer

Exercise has been shown to have positive effects on both the innate and acquired immune systems. It can increase the production of natural killer cells, as well as improve the body's ability to respond to antigens and pathogens. Therefore, a single bout of exercise can provide a positive boost to both the innate and acquired immune system.

Question 2

The system that destroys bacteria by creating holes in the surface is the&#10;A) adaptive immune system.&#10;B) antigen-antibody system.&#10;C) inflammation system.&#10;D) complement system.

Accepted Answer

The complement system destroys bacteria by creating holes in their surface through a process called "membrane attack complex". It is a part of the innate immune system, which provides a non-specific defense against pathogens. The other options listed are components of the adaptive immune system, which is a more specialized defense mechanism activated in response to specific pathogens.

Question 3

Immunosenescence is a decreased immune function in&#10;A) children.&#10;B) athletes.&#10;C) sedentary adults.&#10;D) the elderly.

Accepted Answer

Immunosenescence is a normal process of aging that leads to a gradual decline in immune function. It is most commonly observed in the elderly population. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Question 4

In acute inflammation, vasodilation results in&#10;A) edema.&#10;B) heat.&#10;C) redness.&#10;D) all of these.

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation results in increased blood flow to the affected area, which causes edema (swelling), heat, and redness due to increased blood supply and accumulation of inflammatory cells and fluids. Therefore, all of the options are correct.

Question 5

Exercise should be avoided if cold symptoms&#10;A) include a fever.&#10;B) are above the neck.&#10;C) include a runny nose or nasal congestion.

Accepted Answer

Exercise should be avoided if cold symptoms include a fever, as it can indicate a more serious infection and exercising could worsen the condition.

Question 6

Susceptibility to infection in athletes may be increased by __________, in addition to exercise-induced immunosuppression.&#10;A) inadequate nutrition&#10;B) mental stress&#10;C) poor sleep habits&#10;D) all of these

Accepted Answer

Inadequate nutrition, mental stress, and poor sleep habits can all contribute to an increased susceptibility to infection in athletes, in addition to exercise-induced immunosuppression. It is important for athletes to prioritize their physical and mental health by maintaining a balanced diet, managing stress levels, and getting adequate sleep.

Question 7

In the adaptive immune system, the role of B cells is to&#10;A) produce antibodies.&#10;B) secrete cytokines to enhance the immune response.&#10;C) act as phagocytes.&#10;D) attack cancer cells.

Accepted Answer

B cells are responsible for producing antibodies, which are proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens on foreign invaders such as viruses or bacteria. This triggers a cascade of immune responses that help to eliminate the invader from the body. B cells are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, which has the ability to "remember" previous infections and mount a more effective response upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen.

Question 8

Immune function is most affected by exercise&#10;A) in a hot environment.&#10;B) in a cold environment.&#10;C) at high altitude.

Accepted Answer

Exercise at high altitude can lead to decreased immune function due to the decreased oxygen levels, which can cause oxidative stress and inflammation. This can impair the function of immune cells and increase the risk of infections.

Question 9

The T cells that primarily attack virus-containing cells are&#10;A) helper T cells.&#10;B) killer T cells.&#10;C) regulatory T cells.&#10;D) suppressor T cells.

Accepted Answer

Killer T cells, also known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), are the T cells that primarily attack virus-containing cells. They recognize and eliminate cells that are infected with viruses by releasing toxic substances that allow them to kill the infected cells. Helper T cells, regulatory T cells, and suppressor T cells play different roles in the immune system, but they do not primarily attack virus-containing cells.

Question 10

The J-shaped relationship between intensity of exercise suggest that risk of URTI is lowest in people who&#10;A) are sedentary.&#10;B) engage in moderate exercise.&#10;C) engage in vigorous exercise.

Accepted Answer

The J-shaped relationship suggests that the risk of URTI is lowest in people who engage in moderate exercise. This means that people who are sedentary may have a higher risk of URTI, and those who engage in vigorous exercise may also be at a higher risk.

Question 11

The immune function may be depressed following strenuous exercise due to high levels of&#10;A) cortisol.&#10;B) natural killer cells.&#10;C) neutrophil phagocytosis.&#10;D) B cell activity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The immune function may be depressed following...

Question 12

Immunoglobulins are also called&#10;A) antigens.&#10;B) antibodies.&#10;C) viruses.&#10;D) cytokines.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Immunoglobulins are also called&#10;A) antigens.&#10;B) antibodies.&#10;C) viruses.&#10;D)...

Question 13

___________ inflammation has been linked to increase risk of cancer, diabetes, and heart disease.&#10;A) Low grade&#10;B) High grade

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________ inflammation has been linked to increase...

Question 14

Which of the following immune cells are a component of the innate immune system?&#10;A) killer T cells&#10;B) helper T cells&#10;C) natural killer cells&#10;D) B cells

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following immune cells are...

Deck 7: Exercise and the Immune System