Deck 8: Adolescence

Question 1

Pubertal changes begin when a threshold of ____.

A) body fat is reached
B) a specific age is reached
C) specific height is reached
D) after the rites of passage have occurred

Answer 1

A

Question 2

With respect to pubertal development, the most important oestrogen is _________ and the most important androgen is _______.

A) dopamine; serotonin
B) oestradiol; testosterone
C) cortisol; relaxin
D) thalamus; hypothalamus

Answer 2

B

Question 3

With regard to pubertal development for males, what is the most important androgen?

A) Testosterone
B) Oestradiol
C) Aldosterone
D) Oestrogen

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The word puberty is derived from the Latin word pubescere, which means to grow ____.

A) older
B) more mature
C) hairy
D) adult-like

Question 5

The site of chemical events triggering puberty, the hypothalamus is ____.

A) a bean-sized structure located in the lower part of the brain
B) an area of the cerebral cortex that is located at the anterior end
C) a region of the brain that is located towards the lower back of the skull
D) a bundle of nerve fibres that connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 6

By the mid-teens, testosterone production in males is how many times greater than it was before puberty?

A) 8
B) 12
C) 16
D) 20

Question 7

Your little sister, who is 13, has a bust that is visibly increasing. What type of sex characteristic describes this change?

A) Primary sex characteristics
B) Secondary sex characteristics
C) Tertiary sex characteristics
D) Quarternary sex characteristics

Question 8

What is a male's first ejaculation referred to as?

A) Menarche
B) Spermarche
C) Wet dream
D) Hot flash

Question 9

You overheard your little sister and her best friend, who are both 8 years old, discussing what they thought about puberty and when they thought those changes would begin for them. Your sister is thin and her friend is considerably heavier. What is likely to occur in terms of the beginning of puberty for them?

A) They will both begin puberty at the same time.
B) Your sister, being thinner, is likely to begin puberty earlier.
C) Your sister's friend, having more body fat, is likely to begin puberty earlier.
D) They are not likely to be talking about puberty at this age.

Question 10

Ova, or female eggs, and male sperm are considered ____.

A) primary sexual characteristics
B) secondary sexual characteristics
C) tertiary sexual characteristics
D) gender determining characteristics

Question 11

According to the text, how many sperm are in the typical ejaculation?

A) 10,000 to 20,000
B) 500,000 to 2 million
C) 100 million to 300 million
D) 800 million to 1 billion

Question 12

____ describes a female's first menstruation, whereas ____ describes a male's first ejaculation of sperm.

A) Menarche; spermarche
B) Spermarche; menarche
C) Primary menstruation; foremost ejaculation
D) Foremost menstruation; primary ejaculation

Question 13

Which of the following are two classes of sex hormones?

A) Thalamus and hypothalamus
B) Oestrogens and androgens
C) Dopamine and serotonin
D) Cortisol and relaxin

Question 14

Females are born with all of the eggs that they will ever have. According to the text, how many eggs does the average female have at puberty?

A) 200,000
B) 300,000
C) 600,000
D) 800,000

Question 15

With regard to pubertal development for females, what is the most important oestrogen?

A) Testosterone
B) Oestradiol
C) Oestriol
D) Androgen

Question 16

Your daughter is 9 years old and you have been talking about the changes that she will soon be experiencing. One of the topics that you are discussing is what happens during menstruation and what she can expect. You tell her that the first menstrual period has a special name. What is it?

A) Spermarche
B) Menarche
C) Menstrual primacy
D) Ovulation

Question 17

Two kinds of changes take place in the body in response to increased sex hormones during puberty. What characteristic is directly related to reproduction?

A) Primary sex characteristics
B) Secondary sex characteristics
C) Tertiary sex characteristics
D) Quarternary sex characteristics

Question 18

How many ova are released during the course of a woman's reproductive life?

A) 100
B) 200
C) 400
D) 600

Question 19

By the mid-teens, oestradiol production in females is how many times greater than it was before puberty?

A) 8
B) 12
C) 16
D) 20

Question 20

Your 15-year-old son has been what he says is 'hormonal'. He realises that his emotions and feelings can be quite variable during this time of his life. What is the major difference in his hormone levels now than they were before puberty? His levels of testosterone are about

A) 8 times higher than before puberty.
B) 12 times higher than before puberty.
C) 16 times higher than before puberty.
D) 20 times higher than before puberty.

Question 21

Which of the following is the last structure of the brain to stop growing and when?

A) Pre-frontal cortex; late teens
B) Pre-frontal cortex; mid-twenties
C) Cerebellum; late teens
D) Cerebellum; mid-twenties

Question 22

What area of the brain is associated with planning, problem-solving and moral reasoning?

A) Frontal lobes
B) Parietal lobes
C) Temporal lobes
D) Occipital lobes

Question 23

On average, when do girls begin puberty compared to boys?

A) At the same time as boys
B) Two years later than boys
C) Two years earlier than boys
D) Four years earlier than boys

Question 24

____ is a blanket of fat wrapped around the main part of the neuron that keeps the brain's electrical signals on one path and increases their speed.

A) Myelin
B) The hippocampus
C) Acetylcholine
D) Microtubule

Question 25

In every Western country for which records exist, there has been a downward trend in the age of menarche. This trend is known as the ____.

A) secular trend
B) lowering trend
C) early onset trend
D) sooner trend

Question 26

Pubic hair and genital development began earlier for _______ than ________.

A) boys; girls
B) girls; boys
C) tall boys; short boys
D) tall girls; short girls

Question 27

What area of the brain is associated with the overproduction of synaptic connections during puberty?

A) Temporal lobes
B) Frontal lobes
C) Parietal lobes
D) Occipital lobes

Question 28

What is the last structure of the brain to complete its growth process?

A) Cortex
B) Cerebellum
C) Hypothalamus
D) Frontal lobes

Question 29

What does the text describe as 'a blanket of fat wrapped around the main part of the neuron that serves the function of keeping the brain's electrical signals on one path and increasing their speed'?

A) Synapse
B) Lipids
C) Cortex
D) Myelin

Question 30

At what age may girls begin to develop breasts or pubic hair or both?

A) 8
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11

Question 31

At what age is the brain approximately 95% of its adult size?

A) 6 years old
B) 12 years old
C) 15 years old
D) 18 years old

Question 32

Ellie is an eight-year-old girl who lives in a Western country in a large metropolitan area. If one were to compare Ellie to her mother, grandmother and great-grandmother in regards to the onset of puberty, one would predict that Ellie will experience puberty ____ others did in her family lineage.

A) younger than
B) older than
C) later than
D) similar to when

Question 33

What is the term that is used to describe the downward trend in the age of menarche?

A) Obesity trend
B) Secular trend
C) Pubertal trend
D) Secondary sex characteristic trend

Question 34

Considerable increase in synaptic connections occurs around the time puberty begins during a process neuroscientists call ____.

A) overproduction
B) pruning
C) myelination
D) synaptic expansion

Question 35

____ describes a steady decrease in the average age of menarche in Western countries over the past 150 years.

A) Secular trend
B) Lowering trend
C) Early onset trend
D) Sooner trend

Question 36

Your niece is a very intelligent person and is excelling in high school. In fact, it seems that she continues to get more intelligent, and she is especially excelling at biology, which she became interested in during middle school. What is happening to your niece, neurologically speaking?

A) Overproduction
B) Synaptic pruning
C) Myelination
D) Exuberance

Question 37

Between the ages of 12 and 20, what percentage of the average brain's volume is lost through synaptic pruning?

A) 1%-2%
B) 7%-10%
C) 15%-20%
D) 21%-24%

Question 38

In Kenya, boys show the first physical changes of puberty _______ their female peers, which is ____ the Western pattern.

A) after; similar to
B) before; similar to
C) after; the reversal of
D) before; the reversal of

Question 39

During adolescence, neurological overproduction or exuberance occurs throughout the brain; however, it is especially pronounced in the ____.

A) frontal lobes
B) occipital lobe
C) primary motor cortex
D) hypothalamus

Question 40

Beginning at age 8, girls have begun to develop _____________.

A) breasts
B) pubic hair
C) underarm hair
D) A and B

Question 41

For girls living in developed countries who have access to proper nutrition and medical care, the average age of menarche can be predicted to occur at ____ years.

A) 11
B) 11.5
C) 12
D) 12.5

Question 42

A bar or bat mitzvah, the Catholic ritual of confirmation, and the quinciñeara of Latin America are examples of ____.

A) puberty rituals
B) psycho-cognitive stages
C) history-graded norms
D) aging confirmations

Question 43

Due to globalisation, many cultural groups have minimised their use of puberty rituals for boys; however, in Africa the ritual of ____ is still maintained.

A) the farmer
B) the warrior
C) public beatings
D) public circumcision

Question 44

In many parts of the world, menarche is the catalyst that enters females into a lifelong process of socially constructed monthly rituals. Menstrual-related monthly rituals are remarkably common because ____.

A) many cultures are male dominant and rituals are a means to control women
B) many cultures lack access to medical care and scientific knowledge
C) many cultures have strong beliefs concerning the power of menstrual blood
D) many cultures lack access to informative media such as television and radio

Question 45

In developed countries, menarche generally occurs at age ____, whereas in developing countries it generally occurs at age ____.

A) 10.5; 17
B) 11.5; 16
C) 12.5; 15
D) 13.5; 14

Question 46

In regards to the timing of the onset of puberty, which of the following is more at risk for a depressed mood, negative body image, eating disorders, substance use, delinquency, aggressive behaviour and school problems?

A) A boy who experiences late-onset puberty
B) A girl who experiences late-onset puberty
C) A boy who experiences early-onset puberty
D) A girl who experiences early-onset puberty

Question 47

What do critics call female circumcision?

A) Barbaric
B) Torturous
C) Hymen intrusion
D) Female genital mutilation

Question 48

____ are formal customs that signify an individual's departure from childhood and his or her entrance into adolescence.

A) Puberty rituals
B) Psycho-cognitive stages
C) History-graded norms
D) Aging confirmations

Question 49

For girls, menarche is the pubertal event that is most often marked by ritual. In many cultures, menarche initiates a monthly ritual related to menstruation that lasts throughout a woman's reproductive life because these cultures believe that menstrual blood is ____.

A) dangerous
B) magical
C) precious
D) medicinal

Question 50

Critics have waged an international campaign against ____ and have cited it as a cruel and inhumane practice that has lifelong physiological effects.

A) male vasectomies
B) male circumcision
C) female mastectomies
D) female circumcision

Question 51

Adequacy of ____ accounts for the average age of menarche being lowest in industrialised countries.

A) nutrition and medical care
B) exercise and education
C) parental care and knowledge
D) family relationships and friendships

Question 52

Your 12-year-old daughter began puberty around age 9; now she is often mistaken for an 18-year-old. What challenges do you face as a parent of an early-maturing female?

A) She is not likely to have boyfriends.
B) She is likely to experience early sexual activity.
C) She is likely to be ostracised due to extraordinary academic success.
D) She is likely to be considered too tall and thin by her classmates.

Question 53

Your 17-year-old son didn't start showing signs of puberty until recently, and still looks like he is 14 years old. What challenges do you face as a parent of a late-maturing male?

A) He is likely to engage in early sexual behaviour.
B) He is likely to spend too much time studying.
C) He is likely to be a homebody and prefers to stay at home rather than go out on the weekends.
D) He is likely to have difficulties with alcohol use and delinquency.

Question 54

Cassie lives in a poor, rural community. She does not eat a balanced diet and sometimes goes hungry. She does not go to the doctor regularly. At what age might we expect her menarche to begin?

A) 10
B) 11
C) 12
D) 15

Question 55

In many cultures, boys were required to engage in violent rituals in which they were to submit to and sometimes engage in bloodletting of various kinds. Why have these rituals declined in frequency or disappeared?

A) Changes in religion practices
B) Globalisation
C) Legislation
D) Boys' refusal to participate

Question 56

Traditional puberty rituals for males do not focus on a particular biological event comparable to menarche for females, but require a young man to ____.

A) prove his ability to gain financial wealth
B) display his intelligence and creativity
C) display courage, strength and endurance
D) display his ability to control emotional expressions

Question 57

April is from Latin America and is excited to celebrate her quinciñeara. She has picked out the most beautiful dress and she knows that all of her family and friends will be there. April will soon ____.

A) turn 15 years old
B) have a baby
C) graduate from high school
D) get married

Question 58

What puberty ritual in many African cultures is still maintained today?

A) Whipping
B) Public circumcision
C) Scaring by burning
D) Tattooing

Question 59

In traditional cultures, coming-of-age rituals for young men often require them to demonstrate proficiency in warfare, hunting and fishing because ____.

A) they are required by national law
B) boys cannot perform these tasks
C) men are physically stronger than women
D) daily life often requires these skills

Question 60

Female circumcision in adolescence remains common in Africa, with rates of more than ____ in many countries and above ____ in Mali, Egypt, Somalia and Djibouti.

A) 40%; 60%
B) 50%; 70%
C) 60%; 80%
D) 70%; 90%

Question 61

According to a study, how many Australian girls had said they fasted last month?

A) 1 in 2
B) 1 in 5
C) 1 in 10
D) 1 in 20

Question 62

In Australia in 2016, ____ of young people aged 15-24 had engaged in using illicit drugs in the past year.

A) 11%
B) 25%
C) 39%
D) 42%

Question 63

In Australia in 2016, ____ of young people aged 15-24 engaged in risky drinking.

A) 11%
B) 25%
C) 39%
D) 42%

Question 64

Among New Zealanders, _____ of 18- to 25-year-olds score in the potentially
Hazardous range on a drinking survey.

A) 7.9%
B) 15%
C) 37%
D) 49%

Question 65

Your friend has been losing quite a bit of weight and is now very thin. Although she was very attractive before she began to lose weight, nearly everyone thinks that she is now way too thin and unattractive. However, she thinks that she is too heavy. What is going on? She likely has ____.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia
C) a thyroid problem
D) cancer

Question 66

Among New Zealanders, _____ of 15- to 17-year-olds score in the potentially
Hazardous range on a drinking survey.

A) 7.9%
B) 15%
C) 37%
D) 495

Question 67

An estimated _____ of Australian women will experience an eating disorder at some
Point.

A) 3%
B) 9%
C) 15%
D) 21%

Question 68

In Finland, a large study of 14- to 15-year-olds found eating-disordered behaviour among ____ of girls.

A) 16%
B) 24%
C) 8%
D) 37%

Question 69

Your mother and father are examining hospital treatment facilities for your younger sister, who has just been diagnosed with anorexia. What is the likelihood that she will improve with hospital treatment?

A) 11%
B) 22%
C) 44%
D) 66%

Question 70

One study found that ____ of Australian teen girls reported they had been on a diet of some kind.

A) 20%
B) 15%
C) 68%
D) 90%

Question 71

One study found that ____ percent of Australian teen boys reported they had been on a diet of some kind.

A) 20
B) 15
C) 68
D) 90

Question 72

When Rachel looks into a mirror, she sees a fat person. However, she is extremely thin for her height, weighing less than 85% of normal. She has intense fear of gaining weight and has not experienced a menstrual cycle in the last four months. Knowing diagnostic criteria, one can assume that Rachel might manifest which of the following disorders?

A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Pica
D) Feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood

Question 73

What percentage of Egyptian girls are circumcised?

A) 90%
B) 70%
C) 50%
D) 30%

Question 74

In Australia in 2016, ____ of young people aged 15-24 engaged in daily smoking.

A) 11%
B) 25%
C) 39%
D) 42%

Question 75

The two most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia; however, ____.

A) bulimia nervosa is slightly more common than anorexia nervosa
B) anorexia nervosa is slightly more common than bulimia nervosa
C) anorexia nervosa is more common in males than it is in females
D) bulimia nervosa is more common in males than it is in females

Question 76

In Finland, a large study of 14- to 15-year-olds found eating-disordered behaviour among ____ of boys.

A) 16%
B) 24%
C) 8%
D) 37%

Question 77

Your younger sister has been recently diagnosed with anorexia. Your mother and father are not really sure what they should do and think that your sister might just improve on her own. You are very concerned because it took a couple of years before your parents insisted that your sister get a diagnosis and you know that anorexia can be a very serious problem. What is one of the major difficulties with anorexia?

A) 10% will die from its complications
B) 30% will struggle with anorexia-like problems their entire lives
C) 50% will never marry or have families
D) 70% will acquire a more severe psychological disorder

Question 78

Your neighbour is concerned that her teenage daughter has an eating disorder. You are not so sure, since her daughter is of normal weight. If her daughter does have an eating disorder, what is the most likely possibility?

A) Bulimia nervosa
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Over-exercise
D) EDNOS

Question 79

Ramon engages in discrete periods of binge eating and he feels as if he cannot control himself. After each binge episode, his guilt is extremely high and he feels compelled to exercise relentlessly. Typically, after a binge episode, he will spend 2 hours at the gym and another hour running. Knowing diagnostic criteria, one can assume that Ramon might manifest ____.

A) a feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood
B) pica
C) bulimia nervosa
D) anorexia nervosa

Question 80

A 2012 survey found that ____ of Australian adolescent girls and ____ of boys were very extremely concerned about body image.

A) 43%; 18.6%
B) 72%; 25.1%
C) 86%; 20.4%
D) 91%; 15.9%