Deck 10: Young Adulthood

Question 1

What do young Argentines view as an important criterion that signals adulthood?

A) Completing military service
B) Supporting a family financially
C) Being able to support their parents financially
D) Emotional self-control

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In developed countries, where does marriage rank in surveys of possible criteria for adult status?

A) Near the bottom
B) Towards the middle
C) Near the top
D) At the very top

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What do young Israelis view as an important criterion that signals adulthood?

A) Completing military service
B) Supporting a spouse and child financially
C) Being able to support their parents financially
D) Emotional self-control

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Anthropologists have found that in virtually all traditional cultures, the transition to adulthood is clearly and explicitly marked by ____.

A) leaving the parental household
B) completing secondary education
C) marriage
D) the birth of first child

Question 5

Which of the following markers of adulthood is more similar to the beliefs of a collectivistic culture?

A) Living independently in one's house or apartment
B) Having graduated from high school and university
C) Being financially independent and self-sufficient
D) Being able to support one's parents financially

Question 6

What do emerging adults in India view as the most important criterion that signals adulthood?

A) Completing military service
B) Supporting a family financially
C) Being able to support their parents financially
D) Emotional self-control

Question 7

Your brother met many new friends while he was in the Peace Corps. One of them, who is from a small village in Central Africa, is visiting and you are having a discussion regarding when adulthood begins. He argues that you are officially an adult when you get married. As a Westerner, what is your opinion most likely to be?

A) You agree, adulthood begins with marriage.
B) You are not sure, but all of your friends believe that marriage marks the beginning of adulthood.
C) You argue that people from his village get married too young.
D) You disagree with him, but realise that your opinions reflect cultural differences.

Question 8

Jefferson was late to work, speeding and was pulled over and given a ticket. Without too much fuss, he reluctantly paid the fine, knowing full well he should not have been speeding. Which of the following characteristics of adulthood most closely resembles Jefferson's attitude?

A) Accepting responsibility for oneself
B) Making independent decisions
C) Becoming financially independent
D) Possessing emotional stability

Question 9

Anthropologists have found that in virtually all ____, the transition to adulthood is clearly and explicitly marked by marriage.

A) modern individualistic cultures
B) non-traditional, Western cultures
C) traditional, non-Western cultures
D) historical developed nations

Question 10

If a culture were to promote individualism, it would emphasise the importance of ____.

A) family unity and societal cohesiveness
B) learning to stand alone as a self-sufficient person
C) altruistic behaviours and prosocial engagement
D) cooperative learning and group cohesion

Question 11

For individuals in developed countries, what is the most important marker of the transition to adulthood?

A) Accepting responsibility for oneself
B) Getting married
C) Having children
D) Graduating from university

Question 12

From studies of young people from their early teens to their late 20s, which of the following is a correct order of the three major markers of adulthood?

A) Accepting responsibility for oneself, becoming financially independent and making independent decisions
B) Becoming financially independent, making independent decisions and accepting responsibility for oneself
C) Making independent decisions, accepting responsibility for oneself and becoming financially independent
D) Accepting responsibility for oneself, making independent decisions and becoming financially independent

Question 13

From studies, young people from their early teens to their late 20s agreed that the most important markers of the transition to adulthood are ____.

A) making independent decisions, living independently and being emotionally stable
B) becoming emotionally stable, possessing behavioural control and having cognitive maturity
C) accepting responsibility for oneself, making independent decisions and becoming financially independent
D) possessing cognitive with-it-ness, accepting responsibility for oneself and living independently

Question 14

Britney is 23 years old and has been working full-time for the past 2 years. She has her own apartment, a balanced check book and a substantial savings account. This is not by chance, because Britney's parents instilled in her the idea that wise financial decisions are important in life. The way things are headed, it looks as if Britney will be able to purchase her own house in a few years. Which of the following markers of adulthood has Brittany achieved?

A) Accepting responsibility for oneself
B) Making independent decisions
C) Becoming financially independent
D) Possessing emotional stability

Question 15

You and your roommate are discussing what you believe to be the most important aspect of what defines adulthood. Your roommate is arguing that emotional self-control is the most important criterion for adulthood. Based on the text, she is likely from what country?

A) Argentina
B) Israel
C) Korea
D) India

Question 16

What do emerging adults in Korea and China view as an important criterion that signals adulthood?

A) Completing military service
B) Supporting a family financially
C) Being able to support their parents financially
D) Emotional self-control

Question 17

In developed countries, how many young people believe that marriage is an important marker of the transition into adulthood?

A) Very few
B) Some
C) Most
D) Nearly all

Question 18

What do traditional cultures value as the key transition to adulthood because they prize the collectivistic value of interdependence more highly than the individualistic value of independence?

A) Financially supporting siblings, parents and grandparents
B) Remaining in the parental house
C) Marriage
D) Having a large family

Question 19

From studies of young people from their early teens to their late 20s, which of the following is the second most important marker of the transition to adulthood?

A) Possessing emotional stability
B) Accepting responsibility for oneself
C) Becoming financially independent
D) Making independent decisions

Question 20

From studies of young people from their early teens to their late 20s, which of the following is the third most important marker of the transition to adulthood?

A) Becoming financially independent
B) Accepting responsibility for oneself
C) Making independent decisions
D) Possessing the ability to self-regulate one's emotions

Question 21

For most individuals, signs of ageing, such as having grey hair, appear in their ____.

A) 20s
B) 30s
C) 40s
D) 50s

Question 22

What do about 30% to 50% of Western and Asian women do to their hair during young adulthood?

A) Cut it very short for convenience
B) Colour or dye it
C) Replace it with wigs and hair pieces
D) Nothing

Question 23

Which of the following is why the skin becomes looser and why muscle mass decreases during young adulthood and beyond?

A) There is an increase in white blood cells
B) There is an increase in the production of vitamin D
C) There is a substantial decrease in iron
D) There is a decrease in human growth hormones

Question 24

At what age do people generally find their first grey hair?

A) 20s
B) 30s
C) 40s
D) 50s

Question 25

During young adulthood, what age-related change occurs to the heart muscle?

A) It becomes more rigid.
B) It does not change.
C) It becomes stronger, which aids in endurance training.
D) It becomes more elastic, aiding in oxygen delivery to muscles during intense exercise.

Question 26

During young adulthood, the heart muscle starts to become ____, but this is not noticeable except during times of ____.

A) more pliable; deep relaxation
B) more rigid; intense physical activity
C) more pliable; intense physical activity
D) more rigid; deep relaxation

Question 27

During young adulthood, rigidity gradually develops in the tendons and muscles of the lungs, chest and ribs, which leads to a decrease in vital capacity, defined as ____.

A) the maximum amount of air that can be contained in the lungs
B) the minimum amount of air needed to sustain life
C) the maximum amount of carbon dioxide needed to avoid death
D) the minimum amount of pressure the diaphragm needs to exert to expand the lungs

Question 28

It is estimated that ____ of adult women in the West and in Asia colour their hair, in part to conceal grey hairs and maintain a youthful appearance.

A) one-eighth to one-fourth
B) one-third to one-half
C) two-third to three-fourth
D) nearly all

Question 29

Your 35-year-old roommate has very white skin and likes to have a tan for the summer. She is also very concerned about looking as young as possible. What would be the best advice that you could give her regarding her skin?

A) Keep on tanning, it makes her look beautiful.
B) Make sure to only use SPF 10 sunscreen so that she can get the darkest tan.
C) Exposing her skin to direct sunlight will prematurely age her skin.
D) Not to worry, people who are white have skin that ages the slowest.

Question 30

Davis and Davis (2007) asked young Moroccans how they knew they were grown up. What did they emphasise?

A) Completion of formal education
B) Chronological age or physical development
C) The religious ceremony that marked adulthood
D) Marriage

Question 31

About ____ of men of European descent experience substantial hair loss by age 40.

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 66%
D) 75%

Question 32

Which of the following personal characteristics is highly prized in collective cultures?

A) Interdependence
B) Independence
C) Self-promotion
D) Assertiveness

Question 33

For most people, how much physical decline occurs through the thirties?

A) Little
B) Some
C) None
D) Quite a lot

Question 34

Frank is of European descent, and about 10 years ago he noticed his first grey hair. At first he wasn't bothered; however, now his grey hairs are getting more numerous and his hairline has begun to recede. Based upon the information provided, what is Frank's estimated age?

A) Frank is in his 20s.
B) Frank is in his 30s.
C) Frank is in his 40s.
D) Frank is in his 50s.

Question 35

People who have what colour skin generally experience skin ageing sooner?

A) Black
B) Brown
C) Yellow
D) White

Question 36

In terms of the respiratory system, vital capacity is the maximum ____.

A) speed with which a person can exhale one breath of air
B) amount of air that can be contained in the lungs
C) number of inhalations per minute during intense exercise
D) amount of carbon dioxide that can be exhaled during intense exercise

Question 37

What is the most obvious indicator that ageing begins in young adulthood?

A) Thinning skin
B) Greying hair
C) Decrease in bone density
D) Cataracts

Question 38

In traditional cultures, the collectivistic value of ____ is more highly prized than the individualistic value of ____.

A) self-promotion; assertiveness
B) assertiveness; self-promotion
C) independence; interdependence
D) interdependence; independence

Question 39

Your 32-year-old sister noticed a couple of grey hairs and is now worried that she is ageing prematurely. What do you tell her?

A) She is ageing prematurely! Hardly anyone in young adulthood has any grey hair!
B) The beginning of grey hair occurs for many individuals during young adulthood, so she should not be worried.
C) Developmentalists do not consider grey hair as a sign of ageing.
D) She probably did not actually see any grey hair. It would be rare to find a grey hair in young adulthood.

Question 40

Which of the following personal characteristics is highly prized in individualistic cultures?

A) Interdependence
B) Independence
C) Group cohesion
D) Conformity

Question 41

The ____ is a gland in the upper part of the chest that is responsible for the production of disease-fighting T cells.

A) thymus
B) hippocampus
C) thyroid
D) hypothalamus

Question 42

Some individuals can have the very same BMI, but have differing amounts of body fat. Accumulation of body fat in what area(s) of the body is a good predictor of health problems?

A) Chest
B) Abdomen
C) Buttocks and upper thighs
D) Triceps area of arms

Question 43

During young adulthood, the thymus gradually reduces its production of ____.

A) T cells
B) B cells
C) Y cells
D) H cells

Question 44

What is a difficulty associated with BMI?

A) There is no link between BMI and obesity.
B) BMI is an indirect measure of body fat.
C) Health workers do not understand the meaning of BMI.
D) Studies using BMI are flawed in their methods.

Question 45

What leads to changes in vital capacity with ageing?

A) Contaminants inhaled during adolescence
B) Rigidity in the tendons and muscles of the lungs, chest and ribs
C) Weakening of the heart walls
D) Hormone changes that affect the cardiovascular system

Question 46

For adults, a person with a BMI of over ___ is classified as overweight, and a person with a BMI over ____ is obese.

A) 15; 20
B) 20; 25
C) 25; 30
D) 30; 35

Question 47

BMI is calculated by examining a person's _____.

A) heart rate after 1 minute of intense exercise
B) skin fold thickness
C) ratio of height to weight
D) maximum carbon dioxide replacement

Question 48

Your aunt has been gaining weight fairly consistently over the past few years and she is concerned about it. She is not obese, but has gained at least 8 to 10 pounds. each year for the past 5 years. According to your text, this is common in developed counties due to the availability of:

A) too much food loaded with fats and sugars.
B) too much food with high levels of protein.
C) too little food containing vitamins.
D) too little food containing DHA.

Question 49

George is a young adult with a BMI of 32. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, George would be classified as ____.

A) underweight
B) average in weight
C) overweight
D) obese

Question 50

Human growth hormone production declines in young adulthood and beyond, the result of which includes the skin becoming looser, muscle mass declining and wrinkles appearing around the eyes, forehead and neck. What is something that people with light skin can do to slow the progress of wrinkles?

A) Wash with mild soap
B) Avoid direct sunlight on their faces
C) Take large doses of Vitamin D
D) Use make-up

Question 51

Your father has been steadily getting heavier. You would like for him to begin exercising to help reduce his weight. He thinks that he is doing really well in terms of his weight for his age. After visiting the doctor, he still thinks that he is doing well, even though he has a BMI of 34. What would you tell him? His BMI ____.

A) indicates that he is doing very well for his age
B) indicates that he is obese and definitely needs to lose weight
C) indicates that he is very strong and muscular
D) is actually lower than most people his age

Question 52

Becky is an adult with a BMI of 27. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Becky would be classified as ____.

A) underweight
B) average in weight
C) overweight
D) obese

Question 53

A person's body mass index (BMI) is his or her ____.

A) ratio of height to weight
B) percentage of body fat
C) weight as compared to age
D) type of body style

Question 54

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy the body uses when it is _____.

A) at rest
B) working at peak performance
C) repairing itself
D) fighting an infection

Question 55

At what age does vital capacity begin to decrease?

A) 25
B) 30
C) 35
D) 40

Question 56

During young adulthood, the immune system experiences a decrease in effectiveness because ____.

A) the production of T cells and B cells declines
B) the production of white blood cells and red blood cells increases
C) the production of melatonin and vitamin D decreases
D) the speed of the central nervous system and the frontal lobe decreases

Question 57

For adults, having a BMI of more than what defines being obese?

A) 10
B) 20
C) 25
D) 30

Question 58

You and your 27-year-old brother decide to get in shape and start running. After the first run of 3 miles, your brother is winded and tired. He is surprised because he was a cross-country runner in high school. What would you tell him?

A) He is experiencing a normal decline in vital capacity.
B) He really needs to go to the doctor, there must be something wrong with him.
C) He is simply too old to run any longer.
D) After years of a sedentary lifestyle, he is probably at risk of a heart attack.

Question 59

The amount of energy the body uses when at rest is referred to as _____.

A) basal metabolic rate
B) body mass index
C) set-point metabolism
D) glucose consumption index

Question 60

What happens to the basal metabolic rate (BMR) between ages 25 and 50 years?

A) It increases
B) It declines
C) It remains consistently the same
D) It increases until age 40 and then decreases

Question 61

Which of the following are commonly known problems associated with obesity in young adulthood?

A) High blood pressure, diabetes, sleep disorders and digestive problems
B) Eczema, allergies, influenza and psoriasis
C) Hypersomnia, low blood pressure, a rapid heart rate and jaundice
D) Nearsightedness, tachycardia, hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias

Question 62

Rates of obesity can be correlated with what?

A) Genetics
B) Affluence
C) Age
D) All options are correct

Question 63

In developing countries, particularly the United States and Canada, people are gaining weight and becoming obese. Vogels et al. (2005) found that most people who try to lose weight are either at their original weight or heavier after 2 years. What are the strategies that can be used to lose weight and keep it off?

A) Eat less, eat more healthy foods and exercise more.
B) Use one of the popular diet programs.
C) Any strategy will work that includes adding meditation.
D) Surgical strategies are the only mechanisms that are effective.

Question 64

Which of the following includes aerobic exercise?

A) Running
B) Swimming
C) Dancing
D) All of the above

Question 65

What is a major contributor to the increasing obesity rates in developing countries?

A) The adoption of Western foods
B) Eating foods low in sugar and fat
C) The desire to look more 'Western' by gaining weight
D) The sedentary lifestyles that most people in developing countries have

Question 66

What is related to high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep disorders and digestive problems?

A) Depression
B) Poor socioeconomic status
C) Obesity
D) Low self-esteem

Question 67

What is released by fat cells to signal that the body has had enough to eat, and also influences BMR?

A) Insulin
B) Thyroid stimulating hormone
C) Dopamine
D) Leptin

Question 68

What countries have the highest obesity rates?

A) Wealthy countries
B) Poor countries
C) Countries in the northern hemisphere
D) Landlocked countries

Question 69

Your 42-year-old uncle has been very health-conscious for many years. He runs and exercises with weights and thinks that he can eat like he always has. What would you tell him with regard to BMR?

A) BMR declines as a function of exercise.
B) BMR does not play a role in weight gain.
C) BMR naturally increases, so he is correct. What he eats will be burned quickly.
D) BMR naturally decreases beginning at age 25 and he will likely be gaining weight if he does not reduce his intake of calories.

Question 70

Rates of obesity are lowest in

A) Europe.
B) the United States.
C) Australia.
D) Africa.

Question 71

Your friend, who is 29 years old, has steadily gained weight since graduating from high school. What would be the best advice you could give her with regard to losing weight?

A) Due to increased BMR, she will need to do very little to lose weight. She just needs to stop overeating.
B) Due to increased BMR, she will need to begin exercising and/or eating more.
C) Due to decreased BMR, she will need to eat less.
D) Due to decreased BMR, she will need to begin exercising and/or eating less.

Question 72

A recent national New Zealand Health Survey found that how many adults (aged 15 and over) were obese?

A) 1 in 2
B) 1 in 3
C) 1 in 4
D) 1 in 5

Question 73

Your 29-year-old aunt is obese. She has not been out on a date in a very long time and she is very depressed. What advice should you give her?

A) Being obese has nothing to do with depression.
B) She should try an online dating service.
C) She should join a women's only group.
D) Obesity is related to depression in young adult women. She would probably feel better if she lost weight.

Question 74

____is released by fat cells to signal that the body has had enough to eat, and also influences basal metabolic rate (BMR).

A) Acetylcholine
B) Serotonin
C) Melatonin
D) Leptin

Question 75

Your father has been concerned about his cognitive functioning as he has become older. He is particularly concerned since his father seemed to lose many higher functioning abilities as he aged. Among staying mentally active by playing games, reading and stimulating problem-solving activities, what is another suggestion that you could make based on Padilla et al.'s (2014) work?

A) Eat plenty of foods containing DHA.
B) Play with his grandchildren frequently.
C) Avoid getting the flu.
D) Engage in physical exercise on a regular basis.

Question 76

Which of the following is more likely to be similar in weight?

A) Monozygotic twins reared in different environments
B) Dizygotic twins reared in the same environment
C) Siblings reared in different environments
D) Cousins reared in the same environment

Question 77

Jameson has just graduated from university and is starting to look for work. He's just as concerned about gaining weight as he is about being able to find a job. What makes these concerns related?

A) He will probably have to accept a job that will include high levels of manual labour.
B) He is likely to find a job that involves sedentary work.
C) The only jobs available will be in the fast-food industry and he will get free meals.
D) He will be exercising so much that he might overeat because he will be hungrier.

Question 78

People living in the United States are more likely than in other countries to be

A) underweight.
B) normal.
C) overweight.
D) obese.

Question 79

Where are obesity rates the lowest?

A) In Africa
B) In the wealthiest countries
C) In Europe
D) In South America

Question 80

Brianna is a 30-year-old woman who lives in a very low SES neighbourhood and raises her two children alone. Within a mile of her apartment, there are several fast food restaurants and some convenience stores. Like many of her neighbours, Brianna is obese and her children are overweight. What makes Brianna and her children typical among low-SES families?

A) Her neighbourhood is not characteristic of lower SES families, as this portion of the population is most likely to embrace the values of a healthy lifestyle.
B) She is actually atypical. Lower SES individuals have the lowest rates of obesity.
C) Many lower SES families grow their own vegetables, and the surplus of food means that they frequently overeat.
D) Unhealthy foods are the most convenient and least inexpensive to purchase.