Deck 14: Prioritizing Health and Health Care Inequalities

Question 1

The geographic area of urban and rural populations called ______ are areas where fresh food is not available.

A) food deserts
B) food swamps
C) food marshes
D) food securities

Answer 1

A

Question 2

People of color are ______ likely than White U.S. residents to have health insurance.

A) just as
B) much less
C) much more
D) neither more nor less

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which statement describes one of the earliest societal views of illness before the nineteenth century?

A) It was punishment for sinful behavior.
B) It was bad luck.
C) It was predetermined at birth.
D) It was the result of a curse.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which social factor describes why obesity is stigmatized?

A) It is associated with women.
B) It is associated with the lower class.
C) It is natural, due to evolution, to judge the unfit.
D) It reflects an individual's inability to regulate themselves.

Question 5

______ is the process of medical professionals taking control of an aspect of human life.

A) Health status
B) Socialization
C) Medicalization
D) Medical regulation

Question 6

What social change during the nineteenth century encouraged medical practitioners to see illness as the product of unhealthy decisions made by the afflicted?

A) technology
B) globalization
C) enlightenment
D) scientific medicine

Question 7

Socioeconomic status is a primary determination of health across different social contexts. When controlling for socioeconomic status which other social condition can be used to explain inequality in access to health care?

A) racism
B) medicalization
C) Affordable Care Act
D) epidemiology

Question 8

The opioid crisis is considered a social problem. In the past people who struggled with addictions were seen as people who lacked willpower. Now, it is widely accepted that addiction requires treatment and help from professionals. This example describes the ______ of addiction.

A) socialization
B) medicalization
C) demedicalization
D) regulation

Question 9

Which statement describes an aspect of racism in the United States health care system?

A) Racial minorities often get less adequate care than Whites.
B) Doctors underestimate the pain of White patients as compared to racial minorities.
C) When controlling for socioeconomic status outcomes are equal among racial groups.
D) The most vulnerable groups get the best care.

Question 10

______ makes people vulnerable to all kinds of illness due to the hormones it suppresses on the immune system causing damage to neurological development.

A) Diet
B) Stress
C) Income
D) Location

Question 11

What practice of group contact did medieval communities utilize when encountering those afflicted with leprosy?

A) genocide
B) pluralism
C) segregation
D) assimilation

Question 12

Savannah is a student studying public health. She examines rates of tobacco use and finds that people with lower socioeconomic status are more likely to use tobacco products. She is interested in behavioral interventions and conditions of low socioeconomic status that contribute to tobacco use. To start she should read books related to ______.

A) migration
B) medicalization
C) demedicalization
D) social epidemiology

Question 13

How are illnesses associated with the upper class regarded?

A) challenging medical conditions
B) moral failure
C) result of overindulgence
D) self-inflicted

Question 14

The geographic area of urban and rural populations called ______ are areas with a high-density of fast food and junk food selling outlets.

A) food deserts
B) food swamps
C) food marshes
D) food securities

Question 15

Female hysteria was a common diagnosis in Western Europe and the United States before the twentieth century. Symptoms varied from nervousness to a tendency to cause trouble for others. It became clear that hysteria was a label used to oppress women or explain the discontent and trauma due to their social position. As a result, the American Psychiatric Association abandoned the label of hysteria in 1952. This example illustrates the ______ of a condition.

A) epidemiology
B) demography
C) medicalization
D) demedicalization

Question 16

Which statement is true about the experience of the Black middle class in the United States?

A) Increased socioeconomic status mitigates the effects of racism.
B) Racism negates the benefits of increased socioeconomic status.
C) Middle-class Blacks are more likely than poor Whites to live in predominately White middle-class neighborhoods.
D) Members of the Black middle class live in isolated self-segregated communities.

Question 17

What theoretical perspective posits that socioeconomic status is a primary determinant of health across different social contexts?

A) conflict
B) functionalism
C) rational choice
D) fundamental cause

Question 18

______ occurs when human conditions previously perceived as medical problems no longer fall under the purview of medical institutions.

A) socialization
B) medicalization
C) demedicalization
D) medical regulation

Question 19

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines ______ as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

A) health
B) illness
C) disability
D) handicapped

Question 20

Durkheim's work Suicide examined the impact of culture and society on the health of the population. This study can be categorized in the genre of ______.

A) sociology epidemiology
B) medicalization
C) demedicalization
D) fundamental cause theory

Question 21

What is the average life expectancy in the United States?

A) 69
B) 79
C) 89
D) 99

Question 22

What aspect of the U.S. health care system results in lower life expectancy for any other Global North nation?

A) cost
B) access
C) coverage
D) pre-existing conditions

Question 23

What organization has a militant approach to organize their disease and take direct political action to raise awareness to push for funding research?

A) Doctors without Borders
B) Alex's Lemonade Stand
C) Make-A-Wish Foundation
D) AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power

Question 24

Which statement is true about private health insurance in the United States?

A) It is a single-payer option.
B) It is similar to the health care systems in other Global North countries.
C) The U.S. government subsidizes health insurance that companies provide to their employees.
D) The programs of Medicaid and Medicare are examples of private insurance.

Question 25

What gendered expectation for women brings them into contact with more medical professionals and more likely to report symptoms of illness?

A) nutrition
B) caregiving
C) breadwinning
D) domestic relationships

Question 26

What organization is a charity that primarily operates to make the lives of patients better?

A) Doctors without Borders
B) Alex's Lemonade Stand
C) Make-A-Wish Foundation
D) AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power

Question 27

What organization has public health officials and physicians who travel around the world to intervene in medical emergencies and offer support for ongoing health concerns?

A) Doctors without Borders
B) Alex's Lemonade Stand
C) Make-A-Wish Foundation
D) AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power

Question 28

Which statement accurately describes the health care system in the United States?

A) The United States insures a larger share of its population than countries in the Global North.
B) The United States patchwork system is more cost effective than single-payer.
C) The United States patchwork system encourages overutilization of unnecessary services.
D) The United States has a longer life expectancy than other nations.

Question 29

What is the number one cause of personal bankruptcy filings in the United States?

A) disability
B) retirement
C) medical debt
D) unemployment

Question 30

Why do women have a longer life expectancy then men?

A) fundamental biological differences
B) gendered expectations
C) socioeconomic status
D) discrimination in healthcare

Question 31

Which preventable social condition leads to deaths in a heat wave in Chicago in 1995?

A) gendered expectations
B) epidemiology
C) social isolation
D) hard labor

Question 32

A majority of people in the United States get their healthcare through ______.

A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) employment
D) charitable organizations

Question 33

What percentage of Americans do not have any health care coverage at all?

A) 9%
B)12%
C) 30%
D) 55%

Question 34

Rhodri is planning for retirement. He saved a substantial amount of money throughout his life, but he still worries about healthcare costs. Which government program can Rhodri opt into to help him with his rising healthcare costs as he ages?

A) Medicaid
B) Medicare
C) patchwork system
D) single-payer health care system

Question 35

______ is a program that provides some health insurance for retirees after the age of 65.

A) Medicaid
B) Medicare
C) Retirement
D) Social security

Question 36

Under the ______ administration, the Affordable Care Act mandate was eliminated for individuals without coverage resulting in the number of uninsured rising again.

A) Bush
B) Trump
C) Clinton
D) Obama

Question 37

______ illnesses lack a consensus about their causes, symptomology, or treatment.

A) Acute
B) Chronic
C) Contested
D) Agreeable

Question 38

Which is an example of a contested illness?

A) acne
B) bronchitis
C) fibromyalgia
D) common Cold

Question 39

What organization works with state and local health departments to collect data on health issues, intervenes in emerging epidemics, and develops programs that investigate the social cause of disease?

A) Federal Bureau of Investigation
B) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
C) World Health Organization
D) Doctors without Borders

Question 40

Nadia is a child with a rare connective tissue disorder. Due to her medical condition she is injured easily and had many surgeries on her joints throughout her life. Her parents are both employed, but the cost of her medical care often surpasses the income they earn per year. Her medical condition is so costly that her parents rely on ______ to pay the medical bills.

A) Medicaid
B) Medicare
C) patchwork system
D) single-payer health care system

Question 41

Women are more likely to seek out medical care than men.

Question 42

When social groups push back against the classification of something as a disease, demedicalization is a possible outcome.

Question 43

The amount of regular health care is affordable and accessible for many individuals in lower socioeconomic status groups.

Question 44

Many medical professionals still focus on treating or curing diseases rather than promoting long-term well-being of their patients.

Question 45

Medical professionals are more likely to overestimate the pain of Black patients than the pain of White patients.

Question 46

People from lower incomes tend to consume food with refined grains and added fats while those from higher socioeconomic status are more likely to eat foods with whole grains and fresh fruits and vegetables.

Question 47

People from low socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to frequent emergency rooms for health care.

Question 48

Those with low socioeconomic status tend to have lower stress levels.

Question 49

Racial residential segregation tends to cluster bad environmental conditions and food deserts in the neighborhoods of upper class, elite Whites.

Question 50

In Durkheim's study Suicide, the social problem of economic inequality explained disease in society.

Question 51

Sociologists believe the concepts of health and illness are socially constructed.

Question 52

What organization is a charity to raise funds for research for assisting families of children suffering from cancer?

A) Doctors without Borders
B) Alex's Lemonade Stand
C) Make-A-Wish Foundation
D) AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power

Question 53

The American Psychiatric Association defines homosexuality as a psychiatric disorder today.

Question 54

Poor neighborhoods tend to have more environmental factors that are detrimental to public health.

Question 55

Men are more likely to die in part because of risker behaviors associated with gendered expectations.

Question 56

A sociological movement since the 1960s has been to redefine racism as a mental disease.

Question 57

Patients can influence the medicalization process through the patients' rights movement.

Question 58

The Affordable Care Act reduced racial and ethnic inequality in health care coverage.

Question 59

Mothers who have experienced racial discrimination in their lifetime are more likely to have children with a low birth weight.

Question 60

When the idea that illness stems from sin or the bad choices of individuals is widespread in a society, there is more support for public health programs.

Question 61

Explain the abstract concept of the 'medical community' when it comes to medicalization.

Question 62

The United States offers health care coverage for a small proportion of its population for more money.

Question 63

Social epidemiologists can sum up gendered differences in health care by saying "Women get sicker, but men die quicker."

Question 64

Provide an example of how government policies can affect the health of individuals.

Question 65

The United States does have a single-payer health care system.

Question 66

Americans get better health in return for their higher health care expenditures.

Question 67

What are the options for health care coverage for individuals in the United States who do not qualify for federal programs and are not covered by their employers?

Question 68

Provide examples of how health care professionals promote health and access to health care through charity.

Question 69

Define Medicaid and Medicare.

Question 70

Using the example of cholera and poverty, explain how society blamed the individual for illness.

Question 71

Physicians do not readily acknowledge all illnesses.

Question 72

Define discriminatory medical practice and provide an example of one.

Question 73

Explain how the definition alcoholism was affected by medicalization.

Question 74

A program focused on encouraging immunizations is a direct medical intervention.

Question 75

Government policies do not affect the overall health of individuals.

Question 76

Define contested illness and the role of patient movements in their definition.

Question 77

A program focused on encouraging clean water is not a direct medical intervention.

Question 78

An example of a contested illness is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Question 79

The Affordable Care Act of 2010 is regarded as a comprehensive health care reform.

Question 80

Governmental agencies work together to try to control illnesses caused by social problems.