Deck 3: Recognizing Racism and Racial Inequalities

Question 1

As a group, Whites consistently have more wealth than non-Whites. The American structure of unequal wealth is a product of ______ when examining how economic issues are intertwined with racial categories and a legacy of slavery and exclusionary economic policy.

A) ethnicity
B) racialization
C) recognition
D) double consciousness

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which sociologist directed attention to studies of racial privilege?

A) W.E.B. DuBois
B) Peggy McIntosh
C) Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
D) Howard Zinn

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What was the consequence of the 14th Amendment?

A) It granted religious freedom.
B) It made everyone born in the United States a citizen.
C) It abolished racial segregation of public facilities.
D) It granted non-Whites the right to vote.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Prejudice is to ______ as racial discrimination is to ______.

A) ethnicity; race
B) race; ethnicity
C) attitude; action
D) action; attitude

Question 5

Black Americans were legally able to own property with the passage of the ______.

A) 14th Amendment
B) Homesteading Acts
C) Naturalization Act of 1790
D) Alien Land Acts

Question 6

Which group received the most help from the government to acquire land and wealth throughout American history?

A) Whites
B) Blacks
C) Asians
D) Latinx

Question 7

A person says, "I don't prefer to speak about race. I accept all people no matter what color; it can be green, blue, or anything really." This is an example of ______.

A) colorblind racism
B) systemic racism
C) institutional racism
D) imagined cultural traits

Question 8

______ is a socially constructed identity based on various phenotypical markers.

A) Class
B) Ethnicity
C) Race
D) Capital

Question 9

What was the outcome of the Fair Housing Act of 1968?

A) Whites were no longer the only racial group that were granted government-subsidized loans to buy a home.
B) Segregation of public areas became illegal.
C) The federal government repaired houses that did not pass safety inspections.
D) This allowed home buyers who intended to live in the home the privilege of bidding on the house before a company or real estate developer.

Question 10

Suburbanization caused most wealthy people to move out of the city. As a result, the residential property values in urban areas decreased. With fewer people looking to buy real estate in the city, the better investments were in the suburbs where demand for purchasing a home was high. As property values plummeted in urban areas, real estate investors bought former mansions for very cheap and turned them into luxury apartment complexes for students attending a university nearby. Low-income residents were forced out of the city as property values and investment begin to climb back up in certain areas. This describes the process of ______.

A) White flight
B) gentrification
C) migration
D) microaggression

Question 11

In addition to redlining, which other legal strategy was used to accomplish racial segregation?

A) racialization
B) restrictive covenants
C) double consciousness
D) social construction

Question 12

A sociology student asked why sociologists study race if race is not actually real. How would the professor answer?

A) Sociology ignores biology.
B) Race is real in its consequences.
C) Studying race is different from talking about race.
D) Ethnicity is the variable sociologists actually examine.

Question 13

Which statistical fact is true about racial grouping?

A) People decide which racial group to identify with.
B) Family genetic patterns show distinct groups.
C) Some traits are unique to a particular racial group.
D) There is more variation within any one group than between groups.

Question 14

Professor Hermsen explained that race is a social construction. This means that race is ______.

A) not learned
B) a trait that determines ethnicity
C) a shared community
D) not constant across time or location

Question 15

What is racism?

A) A person who acts on prejudice.
B) A person who discriminates.
C) A system of redistribution and political suppression.
D) A system of advantage and disadvantage based on race.

Question 16

W.E.B. Dubois developed the concept of ______ to describe living with racial stereotypes an expectation in a racist society.

A) ethnicity
B) racialization
C) recognition
D) double consciousness

Question 17

Which term describes a social fear that results in negative economic consequences for people of color?

A) gentrification
B) suburbanization
C) White flight
D) double consciousness

Question 18

How did racism negate the progress made by federal laws guaranteeing citizenship to Black Americans?

A) Jim Crow laws were enforced in the states.
B) The Civil War disrupted the period of Reconstruction.
C) Black Americans did not move to the North.
D) Whites lost trust in the Constitution.

Question 19

What was the purpose of the Naturalization Act of 1790?

A) It legalized slavery.
B) It tried to spread the English language.
C) It gave all immigrants a path to citizenship.
D) It gave American citizenship to Whites exclusively.

Question 20

A small town has an annual African American beauty pageant. A White woman told the media, "I don't know why they need a pageant of their own. This sounds like reverse discrimination to me." The organizer of the pageant explained in an interview, "The pageant has been a tradition since our founder was excluded from an all-White beauty pageant in 1969." The pageant organizer states that the intent of the pageant is to encourage the development of ______ to protect against the negative effects of racism.

A) double consciousness
B) positive racial identity
C) a marginalized group
D) discrimination

Question 21

According to data from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) since the ______ hate crimes have ______.

A) Civil Rights Act of 1964; decreased
B) Civil Rights Act of 1964; increased
C) election of President Trump; decreased
D) election of President Trump; increased

Question 22

Which statement is true about public schools in the United States?

A) In recent years, public schools have become more racially segregated.
B) In recent years, public schools have become less racially segregated.
C) All schools receive the same funding.
D) Higher education is one of the few historic institutions that does not have a legacy of racial exclusion.

Question 23

People who enjoy low taxes on inherited wealth are experiencing ______.

A) property taxes
B) colorblind racism
C) structural advantage
D) structural disadvantage

Question 24

What is one reliable way social scientists measure the extent of racial profiling?

A) self-reported surveys
B) state records of traffic stops and patrol by police
C) theorizing
D) survey racial attitudes of police

Question 25

How can advocates for education eliminate inequalities in the public school system?

A) change how public schools are funded
B) provide vouchers to low-income students
C) initiate bussing to desegregate schools
D) abolish private schools

Question 26

Before World War II a popular stereotype about Jewish people was that they were naturally athletic. When the opportunity structure changed they gained access to whiteness and wealth and fewer Jewish people focused their time and energy on playing sports. As a result, this stereotype faded away. This historical example demonstrates how ______.

A) racial stereotypes are socially constructed
B) meritocracy works best
C) social movements influence social change
D) the Civil Rights Movement began

Question 27

Which factor is most influential in shaping wealth inequality in the United States?

A) crime
B) personal spending
C) education
D) government policies

Question 28

Which term refers to redrawing boundaries of voting districts to neutralize the votes of racial and ethnic minority groups?

A) racial profiling
B) gerrymandering
C) colorblind racism
D) controlling images

Question 29

What is the benefit of people organizing collectively?

A) It makes them more powerful.
B) Elites respect organization.
C) City permits are only issued to official organizations.
D) When people get together they are more moderate.

Question 30

At a college orientation a career counselor emphasizes the value of maintaining good relationships with classmates and other acquaintances. The counselor explains that maintaining close friends is important to mental and emotional well-being, but having a wide variety of acquaintances on good terms is more likely to open up career opportunities. The career counselor is speaking to the students about ______ capital.

A) economic
B) cultural
C) social
D) gender

Question 31

What is a social movement?

A) The measure of migration patterns.
B) The measure of immigration patterns.
C) Collective actions meant to influence social change.
D) Collective movement of people up or down the social hierarchy.

Question 32

What is the most effective way to destroy stereotypes?

A) educating people about stereotypes
B) changing the opportunity structure
C) ascribing to colorblind racism
D) monitoring White supremacist groups

Question 33

The purpose of the 1965 Voting Rights Act was to ______.

A) ensure equal access to voting
B) require a photo ID for voting
C) prevent voter fraud
D) prevent convicted felons from voting

Question 34

Sociologist Devah Pager conducted an audit study to document the process of landing a job interview. The study featured pairs of applicants equally qualified except for the status of race and criminal history. What were the findings of this groundbreaking research?

A) Black applicants without a criminal record were called the most due to affirmative action policies.
B) Black applicants without a criminal record were called back at higher rates than White applicants with a criminal record.
C) Whites with a criminal record were least likely to be called back.
D) Whites with a criminal record were more likely to be called back than Black applicants without a criminal record.

Question 35

Which factor explains the gap between White wealth and Black wealth?

A) The government giving White families an exclusive economic head start.
B) Income inequality is the link that that explains this social problem.
C) Gender is the lurking variable in this situation.
D) The government giving Black families government assistance like welfare.

Question 36

What is an easy way to address racism and racial inequality?

A) Voting for candidates who propose ways to address them.
B) Leading a social movement.
C) Challenging people who express racist sentiments.
D) Starting a social media campaign.

Question 37

The statement, "You cannot be neutral on a moving train," describes how ______.

A) the Industrial Revolution changed standards of living
B) alleged neutrality ultimately supports injustice
C) racial injustice is getting worse
D) racism is unique to a few individuals

Question 38

Sociologists define racial inequality as a social problem that is reproduced by ______.

A) intentional biases
B) personal preferences for homogeneity
C) animosity between groups
D) historical forces that shape opportunity

Question 39

How does colorblind racism characterize racial inequality?

A) It is a rare problem for lazy people.
B) It is a pressing social problem.
C) It is an institutional problem.
D) It is a product of a history of discrimination.

Question 40

Why are Black men disproportionately impacted by felon disenfranchisement?

A) failing to obtain an ID
B) failing to register to vote
C) a higher likelihood of committing crime
D) racial bias in criminal sentencing practices

Question 41

Jim Crow laws were passed by the House and Senate of the United States.

Question 42

Discrimination is an attitude that may lead to actions of prejudice.

Question 43

The school system in the United States is largely segregated by race and class.

Question 44

Individuals who are currently overtly racist are ultimately responsible for racial injustice in our society.

Question 45

Racial categories were socially constructed to justify unequal resource distribution.

Question 46

Redlining became a strategy of preserving White privilege in the 1930s.

Question 47

White flight is another word for gentrification.

Question 48

Most suburban communities were racially integrated and started the desegregation movement.

Question 49

Economic capital refers to the money and resources someone possess.

Question 50

Racial groups are identified by distinct genetic material unique to particular groups.

Question 51

White people do not belong to any particular racial category.

Question 52

Everyone born in within the borders of the United States were considered citizens after the Constitution was ratified.

Question 53

W.E.B. Dubois recognized some positive aspects of double consciousness.

Question 54

The United States government exclusively gave White families land and subsidized home loans until 1976.

Question 55

European Americans like people from Ireland were not always considered White.

Question 56

Asian immigrants are a model minority that were not oppressed by U.S. government policy concerning citizenship and land ownership.

Question 57

Whites have more wealth than other racial groups due to government policies that exclusively benefitted Whites.

Question 58

Some people are not biased at all, while others are explicitly biased.

Question 59

Race and ethnicity are two different terms that describe the same thing.

Question 60

Local property taxes typically fund public schools.

Question 61

How does colorblind racism use culture to explain racial inequality if confronted with evidence of it?

Question 62

What is racial privilege? Provide an example.

Question 63

According to W.E.B. DuBois, is double consciousness a burden or useful tool? Explain your answer.

Question 64

Differences in the unemployment rate reflect persistent racial discrimination.

Question 65

The stigma of a criminal record hurts Blacks' chances of employment more than Whites.

Question 66

What are microaggressions? Provide an example.

Question 67

Colorblind racism assumes a system of equal opportunity.

Question 68

A political commentator asserts that race no longer matters and disparages the Black Lives Matter movement for pulling "the race card." Your younger sibling overhears the show and asks you if it's true that racism is over. How do you respond based on sociological evidence?

Question 69

Provide evidence for how race is not biologically real.

Question 70

Requiring a photo ID to vote makes it more difficult for lower income citizens to exercise this civil right.

Question 71

Controlling images are powerful stereotypes exacerbated by segregation and inequality.

Question 72

Cleaning homes for cash is an illegal activity because it is not filed as taxable income.

Question 73

Explain how the Federal Housing Agency can be considered a White welfare program.

Question 74

Police patrol communities in a systematic fashion to cover them all equally.

Question 75

What is the purpose of racialization? Provide an example.

Question 76

How are racism and racial inequality harmful to everyone in society, even the dominant group?

Question 77

Social movements infrequently help in anti-racism efforts.

Question 78

Why do sociologists consider race as something that is not real, yet they still study it?

Question 79

Florida residents recently voted to restore voting rights to ex-felons who have completed their sentences.

Question 80

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 made things like poll taxes and literacy tests illegal.