Deck 6: Preparing for Aging Societies

Question 1

If an older woman is Hispanic and unmarried, she is likely to experience what?

A) cumulative advantages
B) later-life poverty
C) decreased medical costs
D) high life expectancy

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What strongly affected China's current demographic profile?

A) one child policy
B) remote technologies
C) emigration of young adults
D) critical gerontology approach

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A country's demographers estimate that in 25 years, 45% of the population will be 65 or older. What factor is likely to have contributed to this age structure?

A) increased abortion restrictions
B) increase in familism's influence
C) reduction in infectious diseases
D) reduction in women's education

Answer 3

C

Question 4

How can medical practices vary geographically in a region?

A) due to influence of familism
B) by expense and efficiency
C) through ideal age ratios
D) as universal design increases

Question 5

What is the difference between a pre-funded model and a "pay-as-you-go" system for social safety net programs?

A) Entitlements come from current earnings of other people in a "pay-as-you-go" system.
B) Workers' contributions are accrued over their lifetime in a "pay-as-you-go" system.
C) High rates of medical "overtreatment" occur in a pre-funded model.
D) Affordable housing and universal design affect a pre-funded model.

Question 6

According to the modernization theory of aging, what condition describes the change in status of older people?

A) Technological proficiency is associated with elders.
B) Youthful behavior and characteristics are discouraged.
C) Older adults are more positively portrayed in media.
D) Contributions from older adults are devalued.

Question 7

______ policies encourage citizens to have more children.

A) Pronatalist
B) Population pyramid
C) Elderly dependency
D) Entitlement

Question 8

Most demographers agree that a large base of working young people and a small group of elderly people who require social services is what kind of condition?

A) ideal
B) insufficient
C) transitional
D) socioeconomic

Question 9

Why are population pyramids useful for social scientists?

A) They find the midpoint of the range of ages in a population.
B) They generate rough estimates of demand on social resources.
C) They deliver full benefits of entitlement programs.
D) They predict the timing and rate of population aging.

Question 10

Iker runs errands for his parents and fixes all the issues around the house for them. What kind of intergenerational help is Iker transferring?

A) instrumental help
B) informational help
C) emotional support
D) material help

Question 11

Marwa always explains how to use a smartphone and access the Internet to her grandparents and great-aunt. What kind of intergenerational support is Marwa giving?

A) material help
B) emotional support
C) instrumental help
D) informational help

Question 12

How do men and women differ in their experiences when part of an older population?

A) Older men are more likely to have lower benefits.
B) Older men are less likely to be risky.
C) Older women are more likely to be poorer.
D) Older women are less likely to live longer.

Question 13

Jana just became a citizen of a country and is granted the right to participate in a program that will give her a pension when she retires. What is this kind of program also known as?

A) solvency
B) invisible labor
C) entitlement
D) intergenerational transfer

Question 14

What age group may have the highest medical expenditures?

A) newborns
B) working age
C) older
D) oldest-old

Question 15

If half of a population is above the age of 29, age 29 is the ______.

A) population size
B) mortality rate
C) median age
D) fertility rate

Question 16

A country has a low fertility rate and a high life expectancy, but does not have an aging population. What could explain this?

A) one child policy
B) remote technologies
C) solvent entitlements
D) influx of immigrants

Question 17

Why does population aging occur?

A) Fertility and mortality rates increase at the same time.
B) Fertility and mortality rates decline at the same time.
C) Entitlements lead to an increase in the proportion of aged.
D) Better sanitation leads to a decreased elderly dependency ratio.

Question 18

If a nation has a fast-growing demographic of adults older than 65 years while all other age demographics keep the same rate of growth, what is occurring?

A) population sizing
B) population aging
C) elderly dependency
D) critical gerontology

Question 19

Liqin frequently helps his grandparents pay their bills and groceries. What kind of intergenerational transfer of help is Liqin doing?

A) emotional support
B) instrumental help
C) material help
D) informational help

Question 20

What has kept the United States from placing high on a list of aged populations?

A) declining fertility rates
B) influx of immigrants
C) Baby Boomer cohort
D) critical gerontology

Question 21

What disease has heavy financial and psychological demands for patient care and a predicted rapid rise in incidence in populations?

A) cancer
B) dementia
C) obesity
D) STIs

Question 22

What is one of the most widespread approaches to protecting the solvency of old age security programs?

A) increasing familism
B) reversing internalized ageism
C) raising the retirement age
D) halting the use of telehealth

Question 23

What can mainstream media and social media potentially influence in relation to generational conflicts?

A) critical gerontology
B) characteristics of birth cohorts
C) increased medical expenditures
D) worker contributions to pensions

Question 24

What makes a city an age-friendly space?

A) subsidizes fertility treatments
B) relaxed restrictions on retirement age
C) supports security of seniors
D) optimizes personality characteristics

Question 25

A community is considering increasing the number of rent-controlled properties in the area by the local university. What is a possible result of this change?

A) failure of local businesses
B) increased parental leave
C) attraction of young adults
D) decrease in baby bonuses

Question 26

Venla is a community leader who wants to create an age-friendly environment. She makes sure that advertising for town hall meetings and neighborhood block parties are communicated through radio, Twitter, and printed signs pinned up around town. What element of age-friendliness is Venla addressing?

A) outdoor spaces and public buildings
B) transportation
C) housing
D) social and civic life

Question 27

What kind of governmental policy supports caregiving for elderly relatives?

A) baby bonus
B) parental leave
C) subsidized egg-freezing
D) filial responsibility laws

Question 28

Salman's blood pressure readings are electronically sent to his doctor and nurses, who analyze the measurements and communicate a plan of care to him by telephone. What kind of health care is Salman participating in?

A) remote patient monitoring
B) critical gerontology
C) pre-funded model
D) generational equity

Question 29

What is the condition of living later-life in one's residence of choice for as long as safely and comfortably possible?

A) elderly dependency
B) critical gerontology
C) demographic transition
D) aging in place

Question 30

What topic area should communities target in the process of making communities age-friendly?

A) entitlements
B) retirement age
C) parental leave
D) transportation

Question 31

A country that offers tax rebates and $15,000 for giving birth is offering ______.

A) worker pensions
B) parental leaves
C) baby bonuses
D) fertility rates

Question 32

What theory suggests that the continuation of both internal and external structures promotes life-satisfaction?

A) continuity theory
B) activity theory
C) modernization theory of aging
D) demographic transition theory

Question 33

What is the difference between phased and partial retirement?

A) Partial retirement is the abrupt end of employment.
B) Partial retirement is a financial incentive.
C) Phased retirement relates to a less demanding capacity.
D) Phased retirement is the reduction of hours of work.

Question 34

Attention to the font and size of lettering on directional signs addresses what element of age-friendliness?

A) transportation
B) outdoor spaces and public buildings
C) social and civic life
D) housing

Question 35

A structure built with the needs of children, the elderly, and the disabled in mind aligns with ______.

A) continuity theory
B) universal design
C) activity theory
D) invisible labor

Question 36

What prevents governments from using immigration to mitigate population aging?

A) negative attitudes toward immigrants
B) lack of incoming immigrants
C) relaxed immigration policies
D) filial responsibility laws

Question 37

Resting places in parks and wheel-friendly buildings are examples of what element of age friendliness?

A) housing
B) transportation
C) outdoor spaces and public buildings
D) social and civic life

Question 38

What happens with the emigration of young adults from a community?

A) closure of schools
B) shrink in tax base
C) rise in local businesses
D) assistance for elders

Question 39

What factor is addressed in both continuity theory and activity theory?

A) personality
B) social networks
C) mental activities
D) individual beliefs

Question 40

If Lorena frequently makes age-disparaging jokes about herself and exclusively associates with people decades younger than herself, what may she be experiencing?

A) internalized ageism
B) critical gerontology
C) cumulative disadvantage
D) invisible labor

Question 41

The rate of medical "overtreatment" is an important influence on national health care costs.

Question 42

Social scientists use the mean age and the newborn dependency ratio to assess a population's age.

Question 43

Population age influences society by changing the demand for health care services.

Question 44

China's aging population is an exception to the typical emergence of aged populations in high-income, developed nations with established incomes.

Question 45

The Demographic Transition Theory posits that advancements in sanitation and technology have helped prevent population aging in many societies.

Question 46

An older adult can decrease their time spent at a hospital by having their vital signs remotely collected and analyzed by health care providers.

Question 47

Social safety net programs were designed to fit all demographic contexts.

Question 48

The pyramid shape of a population pyramid alludes to the realistic condition of a population.

Question 49

Governments can support phased retirement by permitting seniors to receive old age benefits while working part-time.

Question 50

Experts anticipate lower medical expenditures and demand for health care services for aging populations.

Question 51

One factor that mitigates the effect of population aging in the United States is the lower average life expectancy as compared to other peer nations.

Question 52

Analysts foresee a rapid rise in the proportion of the population suffering from age-related forms of heart failure.

Question 53

Pronatalist policies discourage citizens from having children.

Question 54

Increases in average life expectancy have led to concerns about the future solvency of entitlements in the United States.

Question 55

Population aging occurs due to the concurrent decline of fertility and mortality rates.

Question 56

Understanding that the sustainability of entitlements relies on complex and various factors is an example of a critical gerontology approach.

Question 57

Tightening regulations for a required age of retirement is an approach to safeguarding the solvency of old age security programs.

Question 58

Intergenerational transfers of help become increasingly directed toward childcare as people approach oldest-old ages.

Question 59

The modernization theory of aging states that the status of older people increases as a society shifts from agricultural modes of production.

Question 60

Generational equity is when different generations have access to similar resources and opportunities.

Question 61

What are the two factors that are behind the United States' lower rate of population aging?

Question 62

Age-friendly cities create and optimize opportunities for later-life health and quality of life for seniors.

Question 63

Urban communities often experience the most extreme population aging due to youth migration patterns.

Question 64

Activity theory posits staying active physically and mentally is most beneficial to older adults.

Question 65

List at least three important non-demographic factors that influenced recent increases in U.S. health care expenditures.

Question 66

An example of aging in place is being able to have groceries delivered to one's own home.

Question 67

Give at least two examples of ways that social scientists can assess a population's age and define the methods.

Question 68

Affordable housing and public outdoor amenities are effective at attracting younger adults to communities.

Question 69

Car-dependent communities are an example of universal design.

Question 70

Continuity theory states that experiencing a disruption in beliefs as we age can help promote life satisfaction.

Question 71

How does cumulative disadvantage affect the experience of old age?

Question 72

Community information can be conveyed in age-friendly ways through social media.

Question 73

How does the aging of a society affect the everyday lives of individuals?

Question 74

Give at least two examples of how communities can promote aging in place.

Question 75

Offering tax credits and paid parental leave for having children are examples of pronatalist reproductive policies.

Question 76

Describe how an aging population can form in a country. Be sure to list at least three possible factors.

Question 77

Define phased retirement, partial retirement, and traditional retirement.

Question 78

Increasing restrictive immigration policies helps slow the aging of populations.

Question 79

How was an aging population shaped in China?

Question 80

Give at least three examples of how ageism affects are experienced by older adults.