Deck 9: Policing Citizens, Policing Communities: Toward an Ethic of Negotiated Order

Question 1

Community policing focuses on what are sometimes called , that is, local neighborhoods and organizations that are midway between individuals and large-scale government enterprises.

Answer 1

middle-ground institutions

Question 2

Order maintenance is sometimes called

A)the iron fist.
B)peacekeeping.
C)act utilitarianism.
D)management cop culture.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The theory of the melting pot suggested that the distinctiveness of groups immigrating to the United States would disappear as they assimilated into the mainstream culture.

Answer 3

melting pot

Question 4

Police strategies such as community watch groups and block meetings are examples of the .

Question 5

The idea that people define themselves by what makes them different from others describes .

Question 6

By is meant citizens' sense of security in their neighborhoods and the physical condition of those neighborhoods.

Question 7

The iron fist represents aggressive police tactics such as street sweeps and the militarization of the police.

Question 8

states that ethnic self-consciousness is intensified as diverse ethnic and cultural groups become more interdependent.

Question 9

Without understanding how crime is rooted in everyday life, the police will be ill-

Question 10

When we receive information that appears inconsistent with the knowledge we already have, we experience

A)the warping effect.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)value systems.
D)order maintenance.

Question 11

refer to a community's particular ideas of acceptable behavior are not written down but are taken for granted by community members.

Question 12

means the maintenance of public order by facilitating the ability of people to work together and create solutions to commonly occurring problems.

Question 13

Cordner's model of community policing has four dimensions, the philosophical, the strategic, the tactical, and the

A)negotiable.
B)educational.
C)organizational.
D)coactive.

Question 14

Unacceptable behavior by teenagers, hostility toward "outsiders," vandalism, and deteriorating buildings are a few of the conditions captured in the term .

Question 15

If police put community protection above the lawful constitutional protections given to individual citizens, they are guilty of

A)social distance.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)boundary spanning.
D)noble-cause corruption.

Question 16

exists when members of the two groups work together to solve crime problems and to develop crime prevention tactics.

Question 17

The calls for aggressive police intercession to halt the escalation of disorder before citizens become fearful and avoid public areas.

Question 18

The degree of friendliness and comfort between two people or two groups is known as .

Question 19

The United States is becoming more and more diverse, and if the police continue to be

Question 20

Skogan defined as both individual behaviors that threatened public order and signs of physical decay in neighborhoods.

Question 21

Skogan determined that the best predictors of disorder were

A)incivility and long-term residents.
B)poverty and instability.
C)heterogeneous neighborhoods and physical decay.
D)Broken Windows and lack of solidarity.

Question 22

A central component of citizen-based policing reform is

A)giving greater authority to the police.
B)standardization of crime control practices.
C)involvement of the public in the practice of police work.
D)a return to traditional police roles, strategies, and tactics.

Question 23

Private security is replacing public police in many areas due to

A)citizens' demands for lower taxes.
B)the growth of mass private property.
C)the citizen-based policing movement.
D)the unification of regional economies.

Question 24

Research has shown that the attitudes of people active in neighborhood associations are significantly correlated with the views of

A)those who have wealth and status.
B)the larger neighborhood.
C)senior citizens.
D)a representative population of residents.

Question 25

The driving factor behind changing immigration patterns and diversity in today's United States is

A)political conflict in foreign countries.
B)failure to control illegal immigration.
C)bilingual education programs.
D)the internationalization of the economy.

Question 26

When dealing with frictions between ethnic groups, the role of the police should be to

A)take the side of the majority.
B)enforce the informal community norms.
C)act as an arbiter to negotiate public order.
D)do what the block organizations recommend.

Question 27

When a recent behavior and a more distant behavior are dissonant, the dissonance is more likely to be resolved in favor of

A)the more recent behavior.
B)the more distant behavior.
C)the coactive function.
D)informal norms.

Question 28

Traditional policing emphasizes law enforcement.Citizen-based policing emphasizes

A)rule utilitarianism.
B)order maintenance.
C)edge control.
D)cognitive dissonance.

Question 29

The Broken Windows perspective places the police officer in the role of

A)the peacemaker.
B)the boundary spanner.
C)the watchman.
D)the security officer.

Question 30

The idea that there is a common notion of public order

A)is most true in rural areas.
B)applies when there is a common ethnicity.
C)is guaranteed by the Constitution.
D)simply doesn't fit many neighborhoods very well.

Question 31

Social distance between the police and the policed can be diminished by

A)police-community reciprocity.
B)an increased number of non-enforcement contacts between the two groups.
C)a mutual perception of group members as individuals instead of stereotypes.
D)all of the above

Question 32

Adaptation by the police to changing demographics will be facilitated by

A)a peace-keeping philosophy.
B)negotiation of order.
C)cultivating the power of self.
D)all of the above

Question 33

The deconcentration of population from inner cities to home tracts next to small communities is characterized as

A)rural sprawl.
B)urban ghettos.
C)mass private property.
D)the Neutral Zone.

Question 34

Citizen-based policing has the potential to lower the __________ between the police and the policed.

A)social distance
B)crevasse
C)coactive function
D)informal norms