Deck 14: The State, War, and Terror

Question 1

People living in nations where they are temporary or permanent residents who do not hold the same rights and privileges as citizen are ______.

A)noncitizens
B)racial groups
C)minorities
D)nationals

Answer 1

A

Question 2

______ rights protect citizens from injury by person or institution, including the right to be treated equal regardless of race, class, gender, disability, or sexual orientation.

A)Social
B)Human
C)Civil
D)Political

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is true of the welfare state?

A)The welfare state has been part of Western systems of governance since the Industrial Revolution.
B)The welfare state has long been a hallmark of developing countries.
C)Most developing states have strong social safety nets.
D)The welfare state is shrinking rather than expanding.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A minimum wage for workers is an example of a ______ right.

A)civil
B)social
C)political
D)welfare

Question 5

______ rights call for governmental provision for economic or social security and retirement pensions.

A)Civil
B)Social
C)Political
D)Human

Question 6

Which of the following is true of political rights and civil liberties in the United States?

A)The United States earns a low score in Freedom House's survey.
B)Disenfranchisement is proportionate by race.
C)Southeastern states have the highest rates of disenfranchisement.
D)Texas has the highest rate of felony disenfranchisement.

Question 7

______ rights ensure that citizens can participate in governance, such as voting, running for office, or openly expressing a political opinion.

A)Civil
B)Political
C)Social
D)Human

Question 8

Today the world's 7 billion people are distributed across how many countries?

A)200
B)130
C)150
D)195

Question 9

A single people governed by a political authority is known as a ______.

A)nation-state
B)democracy
C)republic
D)territory

Question 10

Which of the following is true of most modern countries?

A)Political and civil rights evolved and were institutionalized before social rights were realized.
B)Social rights evolved and were institutionalized before political and civil rights were realized.
C)The category of social rights is narrow.
D)Political rights are often embodied in what is termed the welfare state.

Question 11

Medicare, a federal health insurance program for people aged 65 or older, is an example of a ______ right.

A)civil
B)social
C)political
D)human

Question 12

A political authority is known as a ______ and the group of people who pledge allegiance to that authority are called a ______.

A)state; nation
B)nation; state
C)law; tribe
D)tribe; law

Question 13

The right to a fair trial is an example of a ______ right.

A)civil
B)social
C)political
D)economic

Question 14

A political order that is characterized by social and economic welfare provision and benefits for citizens is known as a ______.

A)civil state
B)political state
C)welfare state
D)legal state

Question 15

The codified rules of behavior established by a government and backed by threat of force is known as a system of ______.

A)state
B)law
C)hegemony
D)welfare

Question 16

Nationwide, how many Americans have lost their right to vote due to a felony conviction?

A)1 million
B)3.4 million
C)6.1 million
D)9.2 million

Question 17

Social rights are embodied in the ______ state.

A)modern
B)democratic
C)welfare
D)political

Question 18

People living in countries are who are a part of a political community, are granted rights and privileges, and obligations and duties are referred to as ______.

A)refugees
B)immigrants
C)citizens
D)migrants

Question 19

Which of the following is true of countries and nation-states?

A)The terms country and nation-state are synonymous.
B)Nearly all countries fit the model of a nation-state.
C)Very few countries fit the model of a nation-state.
D)Unlike nation-state, term country implies homogeneity.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of the U.S.welfare state?

A)the bicameral legislature
B)the rights of the accused
C)Medicaid
D)the Electoral College

Question 21

______ claim power on the basis of age-old norms, beliefs, and practices.

A)Legitimate rulers
B)Contemporary rulers
C)Traditional rulers
D)The power elite

Question 22

According to Domhoff, which social class benefits, governs, and wins?

A)working class
B)middle class
C)underclass
D)upper class

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of an interest group?

A)the U.S.Senate
B)a manufacturers' association
C)an extended family
D)a high school football team

Question 24

According to Domhoff, individuals who are linked to the social upper class, the corporate community, and the policy-formation organizations that influence government policy are referred to as the ______.

A)middle class
B)power elite
C)bourgeoisie
D)proletariat

Question 25

______ theory argues that power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of elite or upper-class people who dominate and influence societal institutions?

A)Conflict
B)Pluralist
C)Functionalist
D)Class dominance

Question 26

Which state has the highest rate of voter disenfranchisement of African Americans?

A)Missouri
B)Georgia
C)Maryland
D)Kentucky

Question 27

______ is the threat or use of physical force to ensure compliance.

A)Power
B)Social control
C)Coercion
D)Dominance

Question 28

______ are made up of people who share the same concerns on particular issues who use their organizational and social resources to influence legislation and the functioning of social institutions.

A)Social groups
B)Political groups
C)Interest groups
D)Civil groups

Question 29

Power based on a belief in the sanctity of long-standing traditions and the legitimate right of rulers to exercise authority in accordance with these traditions is known as ______.

A)ruling class
B)traditional authority
C)interest groups
D)political rule

Question 30

______ theory states that groups with greater resources use their power to create systems of law, economy, politics, and education that favor them, their children, and other group members.

A)Pluralist
B)Conflict
C)Functionalist
D)Race

Question 31

Which theory tries to answer the question: "Given that modern societies are pluralistic, how do they resolve the inevitable conflicts?"

A)political theory
B)functionalist theory
C)conflict theory
D)pluralist theory

Question 32

Critics of voter ID laws assert that the effect of these laws is to ______.

A)combat voter fraud
B)promote voter fraud
C)protect voter privacy
D)disenfranchise minorities and the poor

Question 33

Which of the following did the 2016 presidential highlight?

A)the prevalence of individual voter fraud cases in the United States
B)the vulnerability of U.S.voting systems to hacking and foreign influence
C)the security risk posed by paper ballots
D)the effectiveness of voter ID laws

Question 34

Who decided that power is exercised through the political process, which is dominated by different groups of leaders, each having access to a different amalgamation of political resources?

A)Émile Durkheim
B)Robert Dahl
C)Max Weber
D)Karl Marx

Question 35

When interest groups oppose one another, ______ theorists see compromise as the optimal outcome.

A)conflict
B)symbolic interactionist
C)pluralist
D)feminist

Question 36

Marx believed that the most important sources of social conflict are ______.

A)racial
B)gendered
C)economic
D)functional

Question 37

Which sociologist saw the government as an institution that translates broadly shared values and interests into fair-minded laws and effective policies?

A)Max Weber
B)Karl Marx
C)Émile Durkheim
D)Charlotte Perkins Gillman

Question 38

One in every ______ African Americans have been disenfranchised by the vote.

A)5
B)13
C)32
D)64

Question 39

______ theory argues that modern societies are pluralistic, but it argues that the interests of social groups are often incompatible with one another.

A)Functionalist
B)Pluralist
C)Conflict
D)Symbolic interactionist

Question 40

Which state has the highest rate of felony disenfranchisement?

A)Mississippi
B)Illinois
C)California
D)Florida

Question 41

Which of the following countries practices rational-legal authority?

A)Denmark
B)England
C)Sweden
D)Japan

Question 42

Which country has a monarchy?

A)Mexico
B)United States
C)Canada
D)Saudi Arabia

Question 43

______ systems can give a significant degree of influence to minority parties.

A)Democratic
B)Parliamentary
C)Representative democracy
D)Direct democracy

Question 44

The art and science of influencing public policy is known as ______.

A)sociology
B)power
C)politics
D)democracy

Question 45

______ are created by groups such as corporations, unions, environmentalists, and other interest groups for the purpose of gathering money and contributing to political candidates that favor the groups' interests.

A)Civil rights organizations
B)Nongovernmental organizations
C)Political action committees (PACs)
D)Electoral colleges

Question 46

A ______ function of war is its effect on family life.

A)latent
B)conflict
C)sectarian
D)manifest

Question 47

A form of governance in which power rests in a single individual is known as a ______.

A)direct democracy
B)dictatorship
C)monarchy
D)democracy

Question 48

Which of the following is a latent function of war?

A)defeating an enemy
B)fostering national pride
C)gaining territory
D)defending territory

Question 49

A political system where all citizens fully participate in their own governance is known as ______.

A)authoritarianism
B)direct democracy
C)representative democracy
D)monarchy

Question 50

In a ______, there is an increased demand for industrial production, which stimulates economic productivity and employment.

A)closed economy
B)war economy
C)political economy
D)communist economy

Question 51

Which of the following is true of voter participation?

A)U.S.citizens are more politically active than citizens of other democracies.
B)Among democracies, the United States scores in the top half when it comes to voter participation.
C)U.S.voter turnouts are among the lowest in the industrialized world.
D)Many European countries typically have low voter turnouts.

Question 52

A political system in which citizens elect representatives to govern them is known as ______.

A)direct democracy
B)representative democracy
C)dictatorship
D)monarchy

Question 53

Monarchies derive their legitimacy from ______.

A)totalitarianism
B)rational-legal authority
C)charismatic authority
D)traditional authority

Question 54

Power based on a belief in the lawfulness of enacted rules (laws) and the legitimate right of leaders to exercise authority under such rules is known as ______.

A)traditional authority
B)presidential authority
C)rational-legal authority
D)power authority

Question 55

In ______ voting, small parties that can break a minimum barrier are able to garner at least a small number of seats.

A)proportional
B)active
C)winner-takes-all
D)political

Question 56

Under ______, ordinary members of society are denied the right to participate in government, and political power is exercised by and for the benefit of a small political elite.

A)traditional authority
B)authoritarianism
C)democracy
D)charismatic authority

Question 57

______ denies popular political participation in government and goes one step further by seeking to regulate and control all aspects of the public and private lives of citizens.

A)The power elite
B)Totalitarianism
C)Monarchy
D)Authoritarianism

Question 58

Power based on devotion inspired in followers by the personal qualities of a leader is known as ______.

A)elite authority
B)rational-legal authority
C)traditional authority
D)charismatic authority

Question 59

What type of society is structured around competing political parties whose purpose is to gain control of the government by winning elections?

A)democratic societies
B)totalitarian societies
C)authoritarian societies
D)ruling class societies

Question 60

The United States employs a ______ voting system.

A)winner-takes-all
B)proportional
C)party list
D)single transferable

Question 61

How do contemporary functionalist theorist conceptualize modern societies?

Question 62

Violence between religious groups is known as ______.

A)sectarian violence
B)state violence
C)community violence
D)social violence

Question 63

The Twenty-Sixth Amendment to the U.S.Constitution lowered the voting age from 21 to 18, giving 18- to 20-year-olds the right to vote.

Question 64

For most of human history people lived in small homogeneous communities.

Question 65

What is the welfare state and what does it entail?

Question 66

On the world state, countries are the key actors.

Question 67

What are the two aspects of citizenship rights?

Question 68

The influence of one interest group is not offset by the power of another.

Question 69

Why is the welfare state shrinking?

Question 70

Hacking into government and private computer systems and crippling the military, financial, and service sectors of advanced economies is referred to as ______.

A)Internet security
B)cyberbullying
C)cyberterrorism
D)terrorism

Question 71

The power elite has low levels of influence and resources.

Question 72

One person's terrorist is another person's freedom fighter.

Question 73

Two prominent types of authoritarianism are monarchies and dictatorships.

Question 74

The calculated use of violence or the threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological is referred to as ______.

A)terrorism
B)genocide
C)cyberterrorism
D)revolution

Question 75

Conflict theory highlights the power differences between social groups.

Question 76

Which of the following is true of terrorism?

A)The terms terrorist and terrorism are specific and always understood in the same way.
B)The terms terrorist and terrorism are subjective.
C)The U.S.government does not maintain a list of terrorist organizations.
D)Terrorism is always international in nature.

Question 77

According to the conflict perspective, corporations that profited from lucrative government contracts could be considered ______ of the Iraq War.

A)casualties
B)beneficiaries
C)state agents
D)investors

Question 78

Charismatic authority is power based on a belief in the lawfulness of enacted rules (laws) and the legitimate right of leaders to exercise authority under such rules.

Question 79

The welfare state has been a part of Western governments in the post-World War II era.

Question 80

Which perspective on war asks the following questions: "Who benefits from war? Who loses?"

A)socialist
B)conflict
C)functionalist
D)pluralist