Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

Thick skin can be found on the

A) back.
B) palms.
C) legs.
D) arms.
E) chest.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

An individual with excessive epidermal shedding on the scalp may be prone to develop this condition.

A) seborrhea
B) dermatitis
C) acne
D) dandruff
E) psoriasis

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the

A) dermis.
B) epidermis.
C) hypodermis.
D) both A and B above
E) all of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In albinism, ________ is lacking.

A) melanin
B) keratin
C) carotene
D) keratinocytes
E) collagen

Question 5

The pigment melanin

A) is produced by cells called melanocytes and is found in higher concentration in individuals with darker skin.
B) is usually some shade of red, yellow, or brown.
C) protects DNA from the damaging effects of UV radiation.
D) A and C only
E) all of the above

Question 6

The tissue under the skin is called the

A) epidermis or dermis.
B) epidermis or subcutaneous layer.
C) hypodermis or subcutaneous layer.
D) integument or dermis.
E) epidermis or superficial fascia.

Question 7

Thin skin is defined by the thickness of the

A) dermis.
B) epidermis.
C) hypodermis.
D) subcutaneous layer.
E) melanin.

Question 8

The most important factor in skin color is

A) sunlight exposure.
B) dermal blood supply.
C) diet.
D) number of keratinocytes.
E) genetic factors.

Question 9

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface,

A) they divide.
B) they die.
C) their nutrient supply increases.
D) they enter the dermis.
E) all of the above

Question 10

An epidermal layer that produces large amounts of keratin is the

A) stratum corneum.
B) stratum lucidum.
C) stratum germinativum.
D) stratum granulosum.
E) stratum spinosum.

Question 11

The primary mode of heat loss from the body is

A) radiation.
B) conduction.
C) convection.
D) evaporation.
E) none of the above

Question 12

The skin is also called the

A) serous membrane.
B) mucous membrane.
C) synovial membrane.
D) cutaneous membrane.
E) none of the above

Question 13

When a person becomes "pale," what is the physiologic basis?

A) The blood supply to the skin increases.
B) The number of red melanocytes in the skin increases.
C) Melanocytes increase production of red pigments.
D) The blood supply to the skin decreases.
E) Increased heat causes the skin to turn red.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane?

A) epidermis, hypodermis, dermis
B) dermis, epidermis, hypodermis
C) epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
D) hypodermis, dermis, epidermis
E) dermis, hypodermis, dermis

Question 15

The skin may turn orange as a result of ________ buildup.

A) melanin
B) keratin
C) carotene
D) biliverdin
E) bilirubin

Question 16

Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light

A) can result in increased numbers of melanocytes forming in the skin.
B) can result in decreased melanin production by melanocytes.
C) can cause destruction of vitamin D.
D) can stimulate the production of melanin.
E) has no effect on the skin cells.

Question 17

In order for bacteria on the skin to cause an infection in the skin, they must

A) survive the bactericidal components of sebum.
B) avoid being flushed from the surface of the skin by sweat.
C) penetrate the stratum corneum.
D) escape the Langerhans' cells.
E) all of the above

Question 18

Functions of the skin include

A) regulating body temperature.
B) synthesizing antibodies.
C) producing adipose tissue.
D) synthesizing digestive enzymes.
E) release of large amounts of hormones.

Question 19

Drugs suspended in ________ or ________ can penetrate the epidermis.

A) water; blood
B) water; lipids
C) oils; alcohol
D) oils; lipid-soluble carriers
E) sebum; water

Question 20

The layer of the epidermis at the surface is the

A) stratum corneum.
B) stratum lucidum.
C) stratum germinativum.
D) stratum granulosum.
E) stratum spinosum.

Question 21

The dermis is composed largely of

A) adipose tissue.
B) blood vessels.
C) dense irregular connective tissue.
D) muscle tissue.
E) neural tissue.

Question 22

Injections made under the skin are called

A) epidermal injections.
B) subcutaneous injections.
C) dermal injections.
D) hypodermal injections.
E) intramuscular injections.

Question 23

Eccrine sweat glands

A) are most common in the axilla and groin.
B) respond primarily to elevated body temperature.
C) respond only in times of stress.
D) are active only in areas of dense hair.
E) all of the above

Question 24

Glands that are located in the ear canal are called

A) ceruminous glands.
B) apocrine sweat glands.
C) sebaceous glands.
D) merocrine sweat glands.
E) mammary glands.

Question 25

When the body is overheated, the skin responds by

A) decreasing melanin production.
B) increasing heart rate.
C) decreasing blood flow to the dermis.
D) increasing blood flow to the dermis.
E) increasing keratin production.

Question 26

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

A) "goose bumps" are formed.
B) hairs are shed.
C) sweat is released from sweat glands.
D) shivering occurs.
E) the skin changes color.

Question 27

Sweat helps to cool the body by

A) conduction.
B) evaporation.
C) convection.
D) radiation.
E) all of the above

Question 28

The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is

A) a boil.
B) a carbuncle.
C) acne.
D) a blister.
E) none of the above

Question 29

The layer of the skin that provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow is the

A) dermis.
B) subcutaneous layer.
C) epidermis.
D) papillary layer.
E) sebum layer.

Question 30

Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight.

A) vitamin D₂
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin E
D) vitamin D₃
E) vitamin A

Question 31

The hypodermis contains mostly

A) loose connective tissue.
B) adipose tissue.
C) muscle tissue.
D) nervous tissue.
E) epithelial tissue.

Question 32

Accessory structures of the skin include

A) hair follicles.
B) arrector pili muscles.
C) sebaceous glands.
D) apocrine sweat glands.
E) all of the above

Question 33

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system that aids the endocrine system?

A) protection of underlying tissue
B) excretion
C) maintenance of body temperature
D) synthesis of vitamin D
E) nutrition and storage

Question 34

Folds of the dermis that cause fingerprints are called

A) arrector pili.
B) dermal ridges.
C) dermal papillae.
D) cuticles.
E) the papillary layer of the dermis.

Question 35

The subcutaneous layer is made of

A) epithelial tissue.
B) loose connective and adipose tissues.
C) dense connective and loose connective tissues.
D) epithelium and loose connective tissues.
E) skeletal muscles and adipose tissue.

Question 36

Shafts of hair are made by

A) living dermal cells.
B) dead dermal cells.
C) adipose cells.
D) living epidermal cells.
E) dead epidermal cells.

Question 37

Temporary increases in hair loss can result from

A) drugs.
B) dietary factors.
C) radiation.
D) fever.
E) all of the above

Question 38

Nerve fibers in the skin are associated with

A) smooth muscles.
B) blood vessels.
C) sensory nerve endings.
D) hair follicles.
E) all of the above

Question 39

Perspiration produced by apocrine sweat glands

A) is more than 99 percent water.
B) contains electrolytes and waste products.
C) helps to cool the body when it evaporates.
D) is limited to the hair follicles of the axilla, nipples, and groin.
E) all of the above

Question 40

When smooth muscles in the walls of dermal blood vessels contract,

A) the vessels' lumen enlarge.
B) more blood enters the dermis.
C) blood is forced to the epidermis.
D) body heat is conserved.
E) more heat is lost.

Question 41

The deepest layer of cells in the epidermis is the cells of the stratum _________________________.

Question 42

This type of burn appears inflamed and tender but has no blisters.

A) first-degree burn
B) second-degree burn
C) third-degree burn
D) full-thickness burn
E) none of the above

Question 43

Eccrine and sebaceous glands differ in

A) type of secretion.
B) material secreted.
C) location in the body.
D) their association with hair follicles.
E) all of the above

Question 44

Melanin serves to protect cells under the epidermis from _________________________.

Question 45

The glands that develop at puberty are

A) sweat glands.
B) integumentary glands.
C) apocrine glands.
D) dermal glands.
E) merocrine glands.

Question 46

The most severe type of skin cancer is most likely to develop from

A) nonpigmented epithelial cells.
B) melanocytes.
C) pigmented epithelial cells.
D) nonpigmented dermal cells.
E) the hypodermis.

Question 47

Why would an elderly person be more prone to skin infections than a younger person?

A) Skin repairs take longer in the elderly.
B) The epidermis is thinner in the elderly.
C) There are fewer macrophages in the skin of the elderly.
D) The blood supply to the dermis is reduced in the skin of the elderly.
E) all of the above

Question 48

The substance that gives the skin its waterproofing ability is _________________________.

Question 49

A burn that involves only the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as

A) first degree.
B) second degree.
C) third degree.
D) fourth degree.
E) a permanent-damage burn.

Question 50

A "rug burn" is an example of a(n)

A) abrasion.
B) laceration.
C) puncture.
D) incision.
E) contusion.

Question 51

Specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called

A) ceruminous glands.
B) apocrine sweat glands.
C) sebaceous glands.
D) merocrine sweat glands.
E) mammary glands.

Question 52

The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called _________________________.

Question 53

The fold of stratum corneum over the base of a nail is called the

A) body.
B) bed.
C) root.
D) cuticle.
E) free edge.

Question 54

_________________________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow.

Question 55

Body temperature normally remains close to _________________________ degrees Fahrenheit.

Question 56

The pale cresent area of the nail is called the

A) nail root.
B) nail bed.
C) lunula.
D) free edge.
E) cuticle.

Question 57

The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a

A) first-degree burn.
B) second-degree burn.
C) third-degree burn.
D) partial-thickness burn.
E) semi-partial-thickness burn.

Question 58

Exposure to _________________________ radiation from the sun has the effect of increasing melanin production in the skin.

Question 59

The _________________________ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin and is responsible for the strength of the skin.

Question 60

A burn that penetrates the epidermis and part of the dermis is classified as a

A) first-degree burn.
B) second-degree burn.
C) third-degree burn.
D) fourth-degree burn.
E) fifth-degree burn.

Question 61

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label C: ________

Question 62

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label I: ________

Question 63

In a condition known as sunstroke, the victim appears flushed, the skin is warm and dry, and the body temperature rises dramatically. Explain these observations based on what you know concerning the role of the skin in thermoregulation.

Question 64

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label H: ________

Question 65

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label B: ________

Question 66

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label L: ________

Question 67

Many medications can be administered transdermally by applying patches that contain the medication to the surface of the skin. These patches can be attached anywhere on the skin except the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. Why?

Question 68

A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) _________________________.

Question 69

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label A: ________

Question 70

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label G: ________

Question 71

The thermostat for the body is the _________________________.

Question 72

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label D: ________

Question 73

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label F: ________

Question 74

The _________________________ glands function as scent glands.

Question 75

Two patients are brought to the emergency room. One has cut his finger with a knife; the other has stepped on a nail. Which wound has a greater chance of becoming infected? Why?

Question 76

The nail _________________________ covers the nail bed.

Question 77

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label K: ________

Question 78

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label E: ________

Question 79

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label J: ________

Question 80

_________________________ are accumulations of fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and the dermis.