Deck 1: An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

A gastroenterologist studies the human body mainly with an approach resembling

A) gross anatomy.
B) surface anatomy.
C) microscopic anatomy.
D) systemic anatomy.
E) regional anatomy.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Studying anatomy by focusing on one region of the body and focusing on everything in that region is called

A) gross anatomy.
B) surface anatomy.
C) systemic anatomy.
D) regional anatomy.
E) surgical anatomy.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The following is the simplest level of organization:

A) cellular.
B) chemical.
C) tissue.
D) system.
E) organ.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In dealing with physiology, function is related to

A) form.
B) location.
C) size.
D) cavity.
E) system.

Question 5

The study of structures using special imaging techniques is

A) surface anatomy.
B) regional anatomy.
C) surgical anatomy.
D) medical anatomy.
E) radiographic anatomy.

Question 6

The study of the first few weeks of life includes

A) cytology.
B) histology.
C) embryology.
D) physiology.
E) medical anatomy.

Question 7

Covering, protection from infection, thermoregulation, and hormone production are functions of which system?

A) integumentary
B) muscular
C) skeletal
D) nervous
E) none of the above

Question 8

The study of function is to ________ as the study of form is to anatomy.

A) physiology
B) regional anatomy
C) microscopic anatomy
D) systemic anatomy
E) radiographic anatomy

Question 9

A collection of cells that work together designates a(n)

A) chemical.
B) organ.
C) tissue.
D) organ system.
E) none of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is an organ?

A) blood
B) heart
C) peritoneum
D) connective tissue
E) mitochondrion

Question 11

The production of another human organism is the function of which of the following systems?

A) skeletal
B) reproductive
C) respiratory
D) lymphoid
E) cardiovascular

Question 12

The study of cells and cellular structures is called

A) gross anatomy.
B) cytology.
C) histology.
D) organology.
E) microbiology.

Question 13

Cells are considered the smallest units of life because

A) cells are composed of organelles, each of which is responsible for a particular life-giving function.
B) cells are composed of atoms, which, chemically, are the smallest units of structure.
C) cells are composed of molecules, which, chemically, are the smallest units of structure.
D) the cell is NOT considered the smallest unit of life.
E) both A and C

Question 14

The branch of physiology that studies functions at the tissue level is called

A) histophysiology.
B) special physiology.
C) system physiology.
D) pathology.
E) physiological chemistry.

Question 15

Which of the following would be considered an organ?

A) mitochondrion
B) blood
C) fat
D) skin
E) heart muscle

Question 16

The fact that a single defective protein causes cystic fibrosis, a multisystemic illness, proves that

A) all organisms are composed of cells.
B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
C) chemical molecules make up cells.
D) all cells are independent of each other.
E) congenital defects can be life threatening.

Question 17

Characteristics of most living organisms include the ability to

A) grow and reproduce.
B) respond and adapt to their environment.
C) control the external environment.
D) A and B only
E) all of the above

Question 18

Unicellular organisms exchange gas, eliminate wastes, and absorb nutrients

A) directly through their cell membranes.
B) after some other organism processes them.
C) with their complex organ systems.
D) the same way as humans.
E) all of the above

Question 19

The waste products of metabolism are eliminated through the process of

A) assimilation.
B) absorption.
C) excretion.
D) digestion.
E) resorption.

Question 20

All of the chemical and physical changes taking place in the body refers to

A) systemic physiology.
B) special physiology.
C) cell physiology.
D) metabolism.
E) physiological chemistry.

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

A) Increased pressure in the aorta triggers mechanisms to lower blood pressure.
B) A rise in blood calcium levels triggers the release of a hormone that further raises blood calcium levels.
C) A rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus.
D) Increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to release blood sugar.
E) A increase in body temperature triggers a neural response that initiates physiological changes to increase body temperature.

Question 22

Which of the following regions corresponds to the foot?

A) cervical
B) brachial
C) antebrachial
D) femoral
E) pedal

Question 23

Which of the following regions corresponds to the groin?

A) pelvic
B) cephalic
C) gluteal
D) lumbar
E) thoracic

Question 24

The prevention of change, and the shutdown of an overactive organ are examples of

A) positive feedback.
B) homeostasis.
C) negative feedback.
D) effector control.
E) none of the above

Question 25

Hormones, glands, and target cells are associated with the

A) skeletal system.
B) muscular system.
C) integumentary system.
D) endocrine system.
E) all of the above

Question 26

Which of the following are parts of a homeostatic mechanism?

A) receptor
B) control center
C) effector
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 27

Which indicates the back of the body?

A) anterior
B) posterior
C) dorsal
D) ventral
E) both B and C

Question 28

The pituitary and thyroid glands are components of the

A) endocrine system.
B) cardiovascular system.
C) respiratory system.
D) lymphoid system.
E) digestive system.

Question 29

A person who is lying on his or her stomach is said to be in the

A) supine position.
B) prone position.
C) anatomical position.
D) frontal position.
E) sagittal position.

Question 30

In the terminology of planes and sections, which example includes two terms with identical meanings?

A) frontal/coronal
B) coronal/horizontal
C) equatorial/coronal
D) sagittal/midsagittal
E) none of the above

Question 31

Imagine someone is cold and responds by putting on more clothes. This regulation mechanism is an example of

A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) homeostatic regulation.
D) diagnostic regulation.
E) a behavioral change and is not related to the internal environment.

Question 32

Lungs are to the respiratory system as the spleen is to the

A) lymphoid system.
B) urinary system.
C) digestive system.
D) cardiovascular system.
E) muscular system.

Question 33

The increasingly forceful labor contractions that lead to childbirth are an example of this type of mechanism:

A) receptor activation.
B) effector shutdown.
C) negative feedback.
D) positive feedback.
E) none of the above

Question 34

Which of the following is MEDIAL to the breast?

A) sternum
B) shoulder
C) elbow
D) digits
E) knee

Question 35

Gas exchange is a function of the

A) cardiovascular system.
B) lymphoid system.
C) respiratory system.
D) urinary system.
E) both A and D

Question 36

The trachea and lungs are components of the

A) endocrine system.
B) digestive system.
C) respiratory system.
D) urinary system.
E) lymphoid system.

Question 37

The wrist is considered ________ to the elbow.

A) proximal
B) distal
C) lateral
D) medial
E) none of the above

Question 38

The navel is ________ to the chin.

A) anterior
B) superior
C) posterior
D) inferior
E) medial

Question 39

Which of the following is characteristic of the endocrine system?

A) releases chemical messengers called neurotransmitters
B) produces a more rapid response to body changes than the nervous system
C) can produce effects that last for days or longer
D) can produce an effect that involves only one tissue at a time
E) is an important thermoregulatory system

Question 40

Regulation of the body using rapid changes caused by electrical signals is characteristic of the

A) integumentary system.
B) endocrine system.
C) nervous system.
D) cardiovascular system.
E) none of the above

Question 41

A diagnostic technique that employs a radiodense dye injected into blood vessels is called a(n)

A) angiogram.
B) radiograph.
C) CT scan.
D) MRI.
E) ultrasound.

Question 42

The mediastinum separates ________ from the ________.

A) the pleural cavity; coelom
B) the thoracic cavity; peritoneal cavity
C) one pleural cavity; other pleural cavity
D) the abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity
E) the pericardial sac; pericardial cavity

Question 43

Mary, who is 6 months pregnant, goes to her physician for a test to check the development of her fetus. The physician uses a device that employs sound waves to produce an image of the fetus. This technique is known as

A) an X-ray.
B) a CT scan.
C) an MRI.
D) an ultrasound.
E) radiography.

Question 44

The ventral body cavity contains the

A) abdominal cavity.
B) pericardial cavity.
C) pelvic cavity.
D) pleural cavity.
E) all of the above

Question 45

A cut passing through the midline of the body that divides it into UNEQUAL left and right halves is known as this type of plane:

A) frontal.
B) coronal.
C) transverse.
D) midsagittal.
E) parasagittal.

Question 46

The diaphragm separates the ________ cavity from the ________ cavity.

A) pleural; mediastinum
B) thoracic; abdominopelvic
C) pericardial; pleural
D) abdominal; pelvic
E) pericardial sac; pericardial

Question 47

Anterior is to ________ as posterior is to dorsal.

A) cranial
B) ventral
C) caudal
D) inferior
E) medial

Question 48

The heart, lungs, and small intestine would be found in the

A) dorsal body cavity.
B) peritoneal cavity.
C) pleural cavity.
D) ventral body cavity.
E) abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 49

This portion of the body contains the upper and lower limbs.

A) appendicular
B) thoracic
C) axial
D) dorsal
E) ventral

Question 50

The peritoneal cavity contains the

A) heart.
B) small intestine.
C) lungs.
D) uterus.
E) thymus.

Question 51

The membrane covering the surface of the stomach is named the

A) parietal pleura.
B) visceral pleura.
C) pericardial sac.
D) visceral peritoneum.
E) serous membrane.

Question 52

Referring to the back means

A) axial.
B) appendicular.
C) ventral.
D) dorsal.
E) thoracic.

Question 53

The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions with respect to the external environment is called _________________________.

Question 54

Organs that are protected by bone are found in what part of the body?

A) axial
B) appendicular
C) ventral cavity
D) superficial regions
E) inferior portions

Question 55

The study of body structure is called _________________________.

Question 56

The heart is surrounded by the ________ membrane.

A) pericardial
B) peritoneal
C) visceral
D) serous
E) pleural

Question 57

The branch of biological science that deals with how the kidney functions is called _________________________ physiology.

Question 58

The main function of a serous membrane is to

A) reduce friction.
B) protect organs.
C) allow blood to pass.
D) hold organs together.
E) fill empty spaces.

Question 59

A structure that senses change is called a _________________________.

Question 60

The membrane covering the surface of the lung is referred to as the

A) visceral pleura.
B) parietal peritoneum.
C) visceral pericardium.
D) serous membrane.
E) mediastinum.

Question 61

A mechanism that brings the internal environment back to normal is a _________________________ mechanism.

Question 62

Match the organ system in the first column with the structure(s) found within that system in the second column.
_____ 1. endocrine system A. arteries
_____ 2. urinary system B. liver
_____ 3. digestive system C. pituitary gland
_____ 4. skeletal system D. ligaments
_____ 5. circulatory system E. urethra

Question 63

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label E: ________

Question 64

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label B: ________

Question 65

In _________________________ feedback, the initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces the stimulus.

Question 66

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label C: ________

Question 67

Using anatomical terms of direction, supply the word that would make the sentence correct. The knee is _________________________ to the foot.

Question 68

Match the organ system in the first column with its primary function in the second column.
_____ 1. integumentary system A. defense against infection
_____ 2. muscular system B. protection from environment
_____ 3. endocrine system C. processing of food
_____ 4. cardiovascular system D. internal transport of materials
_____ 5. respiratory system E. elimination of excess water
_____ 6. urinary system F. production of sex cells
_____ 7. reproductive system G. support and protection
_____ 8. skeletal system H. delivery of air for gas exchange
_____ 9. nervous system I. locomotion and heat production
_____ 10. lymphoid system J. directing responses to stimuli
_____ 11. digestive system K. directing long-term changes

Question 69

Match the body regions in the first column with the locations in the second column.
_____ 1. popliteal A. front of elbow
_____ 2. dorsal B. fingers or toes
_____ 3. orbital C. back of knee
_____ 4. antecubital D. midline of back
_____ 5. digital E. eye

Question 70

The forearm is called the _________________________.

Question 71

Using anatomical terms of direction, supply the word that would make the sentence correct. The stomach is _________________________ to the lungs.

Question 72

A person lying face up in the anatomical position is said to be in the _________________________ position.

Question 73

A cut parallel to the midsagittal line would produce a _________________________ section.

Question 74

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label A: ________

Question 75

Match the body region in the first column with the organ near it in the second column.
_____ 1. cranial A. liver
_____ 2. vertebral B. brain
_____ 3. mammary C. urinary bladder
_____ 4. abdominal D. lungs
_____ 5. pelvic E. spinal cord

Question 76

It is a warm day and you feel a little chilled. On checking your temperature, you find that your body temperature is 1.5 degrees below normal. Suggest some possible reasons for this situation.

Question 77

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
Label D: ________

Question 78

Match the item in the first column with its primary function in the second column.
_____ 1. atom A. group of cells
_____ 2. cell B. smallest level of organization
_____ 3. lungs C. organ system
_____ 4. heart and blood vessels D. organ
_____ 5. tissue E. individual living entity

Question 79

The term _________________________ refers to the back of the knee.

Question 80

The term _________________________ refers to the wrist.