Deck 14: The Lymphoid System and Immunity

Question 1

The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are the

A) thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.
B) lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct.
C) intestinal duct and left intercostal duct.
D) bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct.
E) none of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The primary function of the lymphoid system is

A) circulation of nutrients.
B) transport of hormones.
C) production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes.
D) production, maintenance, and distribution of plasma proteins.
E) all of the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Lymph differs from plasma in that

A) lymph contains more protein than plasma.
B) lymph contains white blood cells, whereas plasma does not.
C) plasma contains more protein than plasma.
D) lymph contains electrolytes, and plasma does not.
E) None of the above, lymph and plasma are the same.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The region of a lymph node through which blood vessels enter and exit is called the

A) sinus.
B) medulla.
C) hilum.
D) nodule.
E) capsule.

Question 5

Lymph reenters the venous system at the

A) right and left subclavian veins.
B) lymph nodes.
C) thoracic duct.
D) intestinal tract.
E) vena cava.

Question 6

The red pulp of the spleen is a storage site for

A) lymphocytes.
B) neutrophils.
C) red blood cells.
D) platelets.
E) fibrous connective tissue.

Question 7

Lymph nodes

A) produce antibodies from specialized T cells.
B) monitor the contents of lymph by removing debris and pathogens.
C) act as a "check station" for cancer cells.
D) B and C only
E) all of the above

Question 8

The spleen

A) is the largest lymphoid organ.
B) contains nodules similar to other lymphoid nodules.
C) contains lymphocytes.
D) is located in the left upper quadrant.
E) all of the above

Question 9

Flow through lymph vessels resembles flow through

A) elastic arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) the vena cava.
D) veins.
E) muscular arteries.

Question 10

________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

A) Tonsils
B) Peyer's patches
C) Lymph nodes
D) Complements
E) Spleens

Question 11

Lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of draining into the

A) right lymphatic duct.
B) subclavian veins.
C) inferior vena cava.
D) superior vena cava.
E) dural sinus.

Question 12

The lymphoid system is composed of

A) lymphatic vessels.
B) lymph nodes.
C) the spleen.
D) A and B only
E) all of the above

Question 13

Lymphatic vessels that exit the lymph node are called

A) lacteals.
B) afferent lymphatic vessels.
C) efferent lymphatic vessels.
D) lymphatic trunks.
E) lymphatic ducts.

Question 14

A foreign invader that may cause disease is called a(n)

A) pathogen.
B) antigen.
C) antibody.
D) virus.
E) bacteria.

Question 15

The white pulp of the spleen contains large numbers of

A) red blood cells.
B) macrophages.
C) eosinophils.
D) basophils.
E) antibodies.

Question 16

Stem cells that will form T cells are modified in the

A) bone marrow.
B) liver.
C) spleen.
D) thymus.
E) kidneys.

Question 17

The lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph mainly from the

A) Peyer's patches.
B) scalp and face.
C) arm and mammary glands.
D) thoracic viscera.
E) abdominal viscera.

Question 18

The formation of lymph would increase if there were a(n)

A) increase in blood osmotic pressure.
B) increase in tissue osmotic pressure.
C) decrease in the volume of tissue fluid.
D) decrease in protein in the tissue fluid.
E) all of the above

Question 19

Lymphoid organs are different from lymphoid tissues in that lymphoid organs

A) contain lymphocytes and lymphoid tissues do not.
B) are found in the digestive tract and lymphoid tissues are found in the thorax.
C) are separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous capsule and lymphoid tissues are not.
D) A and C only
E) all of the above

Question 20

In general, lymphocytes

A) spend little time in the blood.
B) have a relatively long life span.
C) are not evenly distributed in the lymphoid tissues.
D) B and C only
E) all of the above

Question 21

Special lymphocytes that are part of the nonspecific defenses are called

A) memory T cells
B) memory B cells
C) NK cells
D) plasma cells
E) monocytes

Question 22

The most active phagocytic cells found in circulating blood are

A) neutrophils and monocytes.
B) eosinophils and basophils.
C) lymphocytes and monocytes.
D) neutrophils and basophils.
E) none of the above

Question 23

A bacterial infection in the foot would most likely affect lymph nodes in which of the following regions?

A) axillary
B) cervical
C) mammary
D) inguinal
E) brachial

Question 24

The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the

A) NK cells.
B) B cells.
C) helper T cells.
D) cytotoxic T cells.
E) suppressor T cells.

Question 25

The least numerous leukocytes are

A) lymphocytes.
B) monocytes.
C) neutrophils.
D) basophils.
E) eosinophils.

Question 26

The thymus gland is positioned

A) posterior to the thyroid gland.
B) just behind the sternum.
C) inferior to the heart.
D) posterior to the trachea.
E) in the inguinal region.

Question 27

The role of the spleen is slightly different than other lymph organs because it also

A) produces antibodies.
B) produces memory cells.
C) filters blood.
D) filters lymph.
E) contains lymphocytes.

Question 28

Which of the following contains visible granules in its cytoplasm?

A) microglia
B) monocytes
C) neutrophils
D) lymphocytes
E) all of the above

Question 29

Interferons may be described as

A) products of activated lymphocytes and macrophages.
B) antiviral substances.
C) an example of cytokines.
D) coordinators of local defense activities.
E) all of the above

Question 30

The first line of cellular defense against pathogens is

A) T cells.
B) B cells.
C) NK cells.
D) phagocytes.
E) plasma cells.

Question 31

In active artificial immunity,

A) the immune system attacks normal body cells.
B) the body makes a memory of the attack.
C) the body receives antibodies produced by another person.
D) the body receives antibodies produced by another animal.
E) genes for antibodies are introduced into the body.

Question 32

The cells primarily responsible for immunity are

A) lymphocytes and macrophages.
B) neutrophils and macrophages.
C) monocytes and macrophages.
D) eosinophils and lymphocytes.
E) basophils and monocytes.

Question 33

Lymph nodules are composed of loose connective tissue containing densely packed

A) Peyer's patches.
B) basophils.
C) spleens.
D) neutrophils.
E) lymphocytes.

Question 34

The body's nonspecific defenses include

A) skin.
B) complement.
C) interferon.
D) inflammation.
E) all of the above

Question 35

Which of the following secretes antibodies?

A) NK cells
B) plasma cells
C) helper T cells
D) cytotoxic T cells
E) suppressor T cells

Question 36

Virus-infected cells release

A) complement.
B) immunity.
C) interferon.
D) immunological surveillance.
E) fever.

Question 37

Major events associated with inflamation include

A) redness, swelling, heat, and pain.
B) redness, pus, fever, and rapid heart rate.
C) tears, swelling, pain, and fever.
D) swelling, redness, tissue damage, and altered pH.
E) heat, pain, fever, and activation of the complement system.

Question 38

Which of the following is a specific body defense?

A) hair
B) epithelium
C) secretions
D) immunity
E) basement membranes

Question 39

Which of the following is the LAST step in inflammation?

A) red blood cells release pus-forming agents.
B) T cells release interferon.
C) mast cells release histamine, serotonin, and heparin.
D) phagocytosis.
E) blood flow to an area increases.

Question 40

Immunity that results from antibodies ingested from breastmilk is which type of immunity?

A) active natural
B) passive natural
C) innate
D) active artificial
E) autoimmunity

Question 41

Immunoglobulins that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection are

A) IgA.
B) IgD.
C) IgE.
D) IgG.
E) IgM.

Question 42

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

A) is responsible for forming lymphocytes.
B) produces antibodies in lymph glands.
C) is a group of genes that codes for human leukocyte antigens.
D) is a membrane protein that can recognize foreign antigens.
E) is the antigen found on bacteria that stimulates an immune response.

Question 43

In order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must

A) be phagocytized by the lymphocyte.
B) enter the cytoplasm of the lymphocyte.
C) bind to the DNA of the lymphocyte.
D) bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte membrane.
E) depolarize the lymphocyte membrane.

Question 44

The cells that are actively involved in immunological surveillance are the

A) NK cells.
B) plasma cells.
C) B cells.
D) helper T cells.
E) suppressor T cells.

Question 45

Antibodies cause which of the following reactions?

A) agglutination
B) precipitation
C) neutralization
D) opsonization
E) all of the above

Question 46

Cells that help to regulate the immune response are

A) B cells.
B) plasma cells.
C) helper T cells.
D) cytotoxic cells.
E) NK cells.

Question 47

Newborn infants gain most of their immunity from

A) early immunizations.
B) contact with viruses and bacteria.
C) antibodies passed from the mother across the placenta.
D) contact with siblings.
E) innate factors.

Question 48

This immunoglobulin is responsible for defense against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins.

A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgG
E) IgM

Question 49

Immunoglobulins that are the largest class and are mainly responsible for resistance against viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are

A) IgA.
B) IgD.
C) IgE.
D) IgG.
E) IgM.

Question 50

Immunoglobulins that attach to mast cells and basophils and are involved in allergic reactions are

A) IgA.
B) IgD.
C) IgE.
D) IgG.
E) IgM.

Question 51

Humoral immunity is the responsibility of the

A) cytotoxic T cells.
B) helper T cells.
C) suppressor T cells.
D) B cells.
E) plasma cells.

Question 52

The immunoglobulins that can cross the placenta are the

A) IgA.
B) IgD.
C) IgE.
D) IgG.
E) IgM.

Question 53

The largest class of antibodies, with several subtypes, is

A) IgA.
B) IgD.
C) IgE.
D) IgG.
E) IgM.

Question 54

Cytotoxic T cells destroy their target cells by releasing substances that alter

A) protein production.
B) ribosomes.
C) DNA.
D) cell membranes.
E) all of the above

Question 55

The binding of an antigen to an antibody can result in

A) neutralization of the antigen.
B) agglutination or precipitation.
C) complement activation.
D) destruction of the antigen.
E) all of the above

Question 56

In an experimental situation, a virus is injected into a rabbit and the rabbit is allowed to make antibodies for the viral antigen. These antibodies are then removed from the rabbit plasma and injected into a human to help deal with the same viral disease. This would be an example of

A) innate immunity.
B) active immunization.
C) passive immunization.
D) natural immunity.
E) autoimmunity.

Question 57

Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions are

A) IgA.
B) IgD.
C) IgE.
D) IgG.
E) IgM.

Question 58

T cells are responsible for

A) programming macrophages.
B) humoral immunity.
C) producing antibodies.
D) cellular immunity.
E) autoimmunity.

Question 59

Blocking the antigen receptors on the surface of lymphocytes would interfere with

A) phagocytosis of the antigen.
B) that lymphocyte's ability to produce antibodies.
C) antigen recognition.
D) the ability of the lymphocyte to present antigen.
E) agglutination of the antigen.

Question 60

B cells are primarily activated by the activities of

A) antigens.
B) antibodies.
C) helper T cells.
D) macrophages.
E) plasma cells.

Question 61

One of the most common cancers seen in AIDS patients is

A) small-cell carcinoma.
B) Kaposi's sarcoma.
C) malignant neoplasm.
D) lung cancer.
E) bone cancer.

Question 62

The function of this immunoglobulin is to attack pathogens before they enter body tissues.

A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgF
E) IgM

Question 63

_________________________ is the condition caused by an accumulation of tissue fluid in the interstitial spaces.

Question 64

Unnecessary immune responses to haptens are

A) immunodeficiency diseases.
B) characteristics of AIDS.
C) allergies.
D) characteristics of HIV infection.
E) common in the elderly.

Question 65

The ability of certain cells to respond to changes in their chemical environment is called _________________________.

Question 66

The increased incidence of cancer in the elderly reflects the fact that

A) immune surveillance increases.
B) tumor cells are eliminated effectively.
C) their diets do not meet nutritional standards.
D) everyone is prone to disease.
E) immune surveillance declines with age.

Question 67

Lymph is _________________________ that has entered a lymphatic capillary.

Question 68

The ability of certain phagocytes to move through the wall of a capillary is called _________________________.

Question 69

_________________________ are masses of lymphoid tissue located in the pharynx.

Question 70

With advancing age, the immune system

A) becomes more effective at combating disease.
B) remains the same and is not affected by the aging process.
C) has alternating periods of efficacy.
D) becomes less effective at combating disease.
E) becomes more responsive to antigens.

Question 71

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?

A) Graves' disease
B) rheumatoid arthritis
C) pernicious anemia
D) Type 1 diabetes mellitus
E) all of the above

Question 72

Changes in the immune system that accompany aging include

A) T cells becoming less responsive to antigens.
B) more cytotoxic T cells responding to infections.
C) increased numbers of T helper cells.
D) higher levels of antibodies after initial exposure to antigens.
E) all of the above

Question 73

The chemical mediators responsible for killing tumor cells, stimulating T cell activity, and inhibiting parasites and viruses are termed

A) interleukins.
B) interferons.
C) tumor necrosis factors.
D) phagocytic regulators.
E) colony-stimulating factors.

Question 74

This class of chemical mediators stimulates the production of both microphages and monocytes.

A) Il-1
B) Il-2
C) MIF
D) M-CSF
E) GM-CSF

Question 75

_________________________ are phagocytic cells that are permanent residents of specific tissues and organs.

Question 76

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects

A) B cells.
B) plasma cells.
C) cytotoxic T cells.
D) helper T cells.
E) suppressor T cells.

Question 77

Any compound that can stimulate the body to produce antibodies is called a(n) _________________________.

Question 78

Infection with the HIV virus occurs through

A) eating contaminated food.
B) airborne droplets from coughs and sneezes.
C) intimate contact with an infected person's body fluids.
D) casual contact with an infected individual.
E) all of the above

Question 79

This immunoglobulin functions to attack bacteria insensitive to IgG.

A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgF
E) IgM

Question 80

Match the type of immunity with its description.
_____ 1. specific resistance (immunity) A. produced by antibodies that develop in
response to antigens (immune response)
_____ 2. acquired immunity B. produced by prior exposure of antibody
production
_____ 3. innate immunity C. develops after exposure to antigens in
environment
_____ 4. passive immunity D. conferred by administration of antibodies
to combat infection
_____ 5. active immunity E. develops after administration of antigen
to prevent disease
_____ 6. induced active immunity F. responds to threats on an individual basis
_____ 7. natural passive immunity G. conferred by transfer of maternal antibodies
across placenta or in breast milk
_____ 8. induced passive immunity H. genetically determined-no prior exposure
or antibody production involved
_____ 9. naturally acquired immunity I. no memory