Deck 8: Acids and Bases

Question 1

Which of the following can be characterized as a strong base?

A) LiOH
B) KOH
C) both LiOH and KOH
D) neither LiOH or KOH

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following can be characterized as a strong base?

A) Ba(OH)₂
B) NH₃
C) both Ba(OH)₂ and NH₃
D) neither Ba(OH)₂ or NH₃

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following ions does an acid produce according to the original Arrhenius definition of an acid?

A) H⁺
B) OH⁻
C) H₂O
D) none of these

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following can be characterized as a strong base?

A) 0.001 M KOH
B) 3.0 M KOH
C) both 0.001 M KOH and 3.0 M KOH
D) neither 0.001 M KOH or 3.0 M KOH

Question 5

Why does the label ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH) on a bottle give a false impression about the bottle's contents?

A) There is a large amount of NH₄⁺(aq) but only a small amount of OH⁻(aq).
B) There is a small amount of NH₄⁺(aq) but a large amount of OH⁻(aq).
C) There is a large amount of NH₃(aq) but only a small amount of OH⁻(aq).
D) None of these, the label accurately describes the contents.

Question 6

Which of the following occurs when NaOH is dissolved in water to form a basic solution?

A) A complex between NaOH and Cl is formed.
B) NaOH breaks up to form Na⁺(aq), H⁺(aq), and O²⁻(aq).
C) NaOH breaks up to form Na⁺(aq) and OH⁻(aq).
D) The water molecule loses an H⁺.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct name for the ion H₃O⁺?

A) heavy water
B) hydrogen ion
C) hydronium ion
D) all of these

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct name for the ion H⁺?

A) hydrogen ion
B) proton
C) hydrogen ion and proton
D) neither hydrogen ion or proton

Question 9

Which of the following acids is found in gastric fluid?

A) acetic
B) hydrochloric
C) nitric
D) sulfuric

Question 10

Which of the following can be characterized as a strong acid?

A) H₃BO₃
B) HCl
C) both H₃BO₃ and HCI
D) neither H₃BO₃ or HCI

Question 11

Which of the following species is not present in the solution when solid sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water?

A) NaOH(aq)
B) Na⁺(aq)
C) OH⁻(aq)
D) None, they are all present.

Question 12

Which of the following species is not present in the solution when hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water?

A) NaCl⁻(aq)
B) H₃O⁺(aq)
C) Cl⁻(aq)
D) None, they are all present.

Question 13

Which of the following can be characterized as a strong acid?

A) HNO₃
B) H₂SO₄
C) both HNO₃ and H₂SO₄
D) neither HNO₃ or H₂SO₄

Question 14

Which of the following can be characterized as a strong base?

A) 0.001 M KOH
B) 3.0 M NH₃
C) both 0.001 M KOH and 3.0 M NH₃
D) neither 0.001 M KOH or 3.0 M NH₃

Question 15

Which of the following species is not present in the solution when solid sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water?

A) H₂O(l)
B) Na⁺(aq)
C) OH⁻(aq)
D) None, they are all present.

Question 16

Which of the following ions does a base produce according to the original Arrhenius definition of a base?

A) H⁺
B) OH⁻
C) H₂O
D) none of these

Question 17

Which of the following can be characterized as a strong acid?

A) 0.001 M HCl
B) 3.0 M CH₃COOH
C) both 0.001 M HCI and 3.0 M CH₃COOH
D) neither 0.001 M HCI or 3.0 M CH₃COOH

Question 18

Which of the following occurs when the weak base ammonia (NH₃) is dissolved in water?

A) Ammonia molecules react with water to form Na⁺(aq) and OH⁻(aq).
B) Ammonia molecules react with water to form NH₄⁺(aq) and OH⁻(aq).
C) Ammonia molecules react with water to form H₃O⁺(aq) and NO₂⁻(aq).
D) Ammonia molecules react with water to form H₃O⁺(aq) and Na⁺(aq).

Question 19

Which of the following can be characterized as a strong acid?

A) 0.001 M HCl
B) 3.0 M HCl
C) both 0.001 M HCI and 3.0 HCI
D) neither 0.001 M HCI or 3.0 HCI

Question 20

Which of the following occurs when hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water to form hydrochloric acid?

A) H₂O⁺(aq) and O₂⁻ (aq) are formed.
B) H₃O⁺(aq) and Cl⁻(aq) are formed.
C) H⁺(aq) and OH⁻(aq) are formed.
D) There is no reaction, and HCl molecules remain unchanged.

Question 21

Which of the following is not a base?

A) PO₄³⁻
B) OH⁻
C) NH₃
D) None, they are all bases.

Question 22

Which base is sometimes used as a laxative?

A) LiOH
B) Mg(OH)₂
C) NaOH
D) NH₃

Question 23

How many protons can be lost by acetic acid, CH₃COOH?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 24

Which of the following is not an acid?

A) H₃O⁺
B) H₂CO₃
C) H₂PO₄⁻
D) None, they are all acids.

Question 25

Which of the following is the conjugate base of water?

A) H₃O⁺
B) NaOH
C) OH⁻
D) O²⁻

Question 26

Which base is an important starting material in the manufacture of fertilizers?

A) LiOH
B) Mg(OH)₂
C) NaOH
D) NH₃

Question 27

Which of the following can be characterized as a strong electrolyte?

A) 0.001 M KOH
B) 3.0 M KOH
C) both 0.001 M KOH and 3.0 M KOH
D) neither 0.001 M KOH or 3.0 M KOH

Question 28

Which of the following is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid?

A) a hydroxide ion acceptor
B) a proton acceptor
C) a proton donor
D) none of these

Question 29

Which of the following is the conjugate acid of water?

A) HCl
B) H₃O⁺
C) NH₄⁺
D) OH⁻

Question 30

Which of the following acids produces ions that play an important role in biochemistry?

A) acetic
B) boric
C) nitric
D) phosphoric

Question 31

Which of the following can be characterized as a strong electrolyte?

A) 0.001 M HCl
B) 3.0 M CH₃COOH
C) both 0.001 M HCI and 3.0 M CH₃COOH
D) neither 0.001 M HCI or 3.0 M CH₃COOH

Question 32

Which of the following is a monoprotic acid?

A) H₂CO₃
B) H₂SO₄
C) H₃PO₄
D) HNO₃

Question 33

Which of the following acids has long been used as a test for proteins?

A) acetic
B) boric
C) nitric
D) sulfuric

Question 34

Which of the following is the conjugate acid of ammonia, NH₃?

A) H⁺
B) H₃O⁺
C) NH₂⁻
D) NH₄⁺

Question 35

Which of the following is a diprotic acid?

A) HCl
B) HNO₃
C) H₂SO₄
D) H₃PO₄

Question 36

Which of the following can be characterized as a strong electrolyte?

A) 0.001 M HCl
B) 3.0 M HCl
C) both 0.001 M HCI and 3.0 M HCI
D) neither 0.001 M HCI or 3.0 M HCI

Question 37

Which of the following is the conjugate base of acetic acid (CH₃COOH)?

A) H₃O⁺
B) CH₃COOH₂⁺
C) CH₃COO⁻
D) OH⁻

Question 38

Which of the following is a triprotic acid?

A) HCl
B) HNO₃
C) H₂SO₄
D) H₃PO₄

Question 39

Which of the following is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a base?

A) a hydroxide ion acceptor
B) a proton acceptor
C) a proton donor
D) none of these

Question 40

Which of the following can be characterized as a strong electrolyte?

A) 0.001 M KOH
B) 3.0 M NH₃
C) both 0.001 M KOH and 3.0 M NH₃
D) neither 0.001 M KOH or 3.0 M NH₃

Question 41

Sulfites, salts of the anion SO₃²⁻, are found in wines as preservatives. The acid associated with the sulfite ion is H₂SO₃. What is the name of H₂SO₃?

A) hydrosulfuric acid
B) hydrosulfurous acid
C) sulfuric acid
D) sulfurous acid

Question 42

Which of the following acids has the weakest conjugate base?

A) CH₃COOH
B) C₆H₅OH
C) H₂SO₄
D) H₃PO₄

Question 43

Which of the following species can be characterized as amphiprotic?

A) H₂O
B) HCO₃⁻
C) HPO₄²⁻
D) all of these

Question 44

Which of the following is the conjugate base of HPO₄²⁻?

A) H₃PO₄
B) H₂PO₄⁻
C) PO₄³⁻
D) OH⁻

Question 45

Which of the following species is not amphiprotic?

A) C₂H₅O⁻
B) HPO₄²⁻
C) HCO₃⁻
D) none of these

Question 46

Which of the following is the conjugate acid of HPO₄²⁻?

A) H₃PO₄
B) H₂PO₄⁻
C) PO₄³⁻
D) H₃O⁺

Question 47

Which of the following bases has the strongest conjugate acid?

A) CH₃COO⁻
B) C₆H₅O⁻
C) HSO₄⁻
D) H₂PO₄⁻

Question 48

Which of the following is the conjugate acid of PO₄³⁻?

A) H₃PO₄
B) H₂PO₄⁻
C) HPO₄²⁻
D) H₃O⁺

Question 49

Which of the following is true of the bicarbonate ion (HCO₃⁻)?

A) It can only lose a proton.
B) It can only accept a proton.
C) It can either accept or lose a proton.
D) It can neither accept nor lose a proton.

Question 50

What is the name of the acid that dissociates to give the nitrate ion, NO₃⁻?

A) hydronitric acid
B) nitric acid
C) hyponitrous acid
D) nitrous acid

Question 51

Which of the following bases has the weakest conjugate acid?

A) CH₃COO⁻
B) C₆H₅O⁻
C) HSO₄⁻
D) H₂PO₄⁻

Question 52

Which of the following is the conjugate base of H₃PO₄?

A) H₂PO₄⁻
B) HPO₄²⁻
C) PO₄³⁻
D) OH⁻

Question 53

Which of the following acids has the strongest conjugate base?

A) CH₃COOH
B) C₆H₅OH
C) H₂SO₄
D) H₃PO₄

Question 54

Which of the following is the conjugate base of H₂PO₄⁻?

A) H₃PO₄
B) HPO₄²⁻
C) PO₄³⁻
D) OH⁻

Question 55

What is the name of the acid that dissociates to give the cyanide ion, CN⁻?

A) cyanic acid
B) cyanidic acid
C) cyanous
D) hydrocyanic acid

Question 56

What is the name of the acid that dissociates to give the nitrite ion, NO₂⁻?

A) hydronitric acid
B) nitric acid
C) hyponitrous acid
D) nitrous acid

Question 57

Which of the following statements best describes the acid-base relationship?

A) As acid strengths decrease, conjugate base strengths increase.
B) As base strengths decrease, conjugate acid strengths decrease.
C) As acid strengths decrease, conjugate base strengths increase and conjugate acid strengths decrease.
D) None of these.

Question 58

Which of the following statements best describes the acid-base relationship?

A) As acid strengths increase, conjugate base strengths increase.
B) As base strengths increase, conjugate acid strengths increase.
C) As acid strengths increase, conjugate base strengths and conjugate acid strengths increase
D) None of these

Question 59

Which of the following is the conjugate acid of H₂PO₄⁻?

A) H₃PO₄
B) HPO₄²⁻
C) PO₄³⁻
D) H₃O⁺

Question 60

Which of the following statements best describes the acid-base relationship?

A) As acid strengths increase, conjugate base strengths increase.
B) As acid strengths increase, conjugate base strengths decrease.
C) As acid strengths increase, conjugate base strengths increase and decrease
D) None of these.

Question 61

What are the two acids in the following reaction? NH₄⁺(aq) + HPO₄²⁻ ⇋ NH₃ + H₂PO₄⁻

A) NH₄⁺ and HPO₄²⁻
B) NH₄⁺ and NH₃
C) HPO₄²⁻ and H₂PO₄⁻
D) NH₄⁺ and H₂PO₄⁻

Question 62

Which of the following represents the correct set of major species that are present in the solution when acetic acid (CH₃COOH) reacts with ammonia (NH₃)?

A) acetic acid, CH₃COOH, and ammonia, NH₃
B) acetic acid, CH₃COOH, and ammonium ion, NH₄⁺
C) acetate ion, CH₃COO⁻, and ammonia, NH₃
D) acetate ion, CH₃COO⁻, and ammonium ion, NH₄⁺

Question 63

The K_a of boric acid is 7.3 × 10⁻¹⁰. What is the pK_a of boric acid?

A) −9.14
B) −4.86
C) 4.86
D) 9.14

Question 64

Which of the following is true of the position of the equilibrium established when acetate ions react with hydrogen sulfide as represented below? CH₃COO⁻ + H₂S ⇋ CH₃COOH + HS⁻

A) It lies to the left as the weaker acid and the weaker base are present on the left.
B) It lies to the left as the stronger acid and the stronger base are present on the left.
C) It lies to the right as the weaker acid and the weaker base are present on the right.
D) It lies to the right as the stronger acid and the stronger base are present on the right.

Question 65

Which factor do we use to determine the stronger acid when comparing the strengths of two weak acids?

A) the formula weights of the acids
B) the numbers of protons that the acids can lose
C) the pK_a values of the acids
D) none of these

Question 66

Which factor(s) do we use to determine the stronger acid when comparing the strengths of two weak acids?

A) the values of the acid dissociation constant
B) the pK_a values of the acids
C) the values of the acid dissociation constant and the pK_a values of the acids
D) none of these

Question 67

The K_a of lactic acid is 8.4 × 10⁻⁴. What is the pK_a of lactic acid?

A) -10.92
B) -3.08
C) 3.08
D) 10.92

Question 68

Which of the following is true of the position of equilibrium in an acid-base reaction?

A) The position of equilibrium lies on the side of the weaker acid and weaker base.
B) The position of equilibrium lies on the side of the stronger acid and stronger base.
C) The position of equilibrium lies on the side of the weaker acid and stronger base.
D) The position of equilibrium lies on the side of the stronger acid and weaker base.

Question 69

Which of the following is true of the position of the equilibrium established when acetic acid is dissolved in water as represented below? CH₃COOH(aq) + H₂O ⇋ CH₃COO⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)

A) It lies to the left as the weaker acid and the weaker base are present on the left.
B) It lies to the left as the stronger acid and the stronger base are present on the left.
C) It lies to the right as the weaker acid and the weaker base are present on the right.
D) It lies to the right as the stronger acid and the stronger base are present on the right.

Question 70

Consider the following hypothetical acid-base reaction. A(aq) + B(aq) ⇋ C(aq) + D(aq)
(weaker acid + weaker base ⇋ stronger acid + stronger base)
Which of the following statements is true of this reaction?

A) The position of the equilibrium favors the forward reaction.
B) The position of the equilibrium favors the reverse reaction.
C) Neither the forward nor the reverse reaction is favored at equilibrium.
D) The position of equilibrium cannot be predicted from the given data.

Question 71

Which of the following is true of the position of the equilibrium established when HCl is dissolved in water?

A) It lies to the left as the weaker acid and the weaker base are present on the left.
B) It lies to the left as the stronger acid and the stronger base are present on the left.
C) It lies to the right as the weaker acid and the weaker base are present on the right.
D) It lies to the right as the stronger acid and the stronger base are present on the right.

Question 72

Which factor do we use to determine the stronger acid when comparing the strengths of two weak acids?

A) the formula weights of the acids
B) the numbers of protons that the acids can lose
C) the values of the acid dissociation constant
D) none of these

Question 73

Which of the following is true when comparing two acids?

A) The stronger acid has the larger K_a.
B) The stronger acid has the smaller pK_a.
C) The stronger acid has the larger K_a and the smaller pK_a
D) None of these

Question 74

Ammonia, NH₃, is a stronger base than the acetate ion, CH₃COO⁻. Which of the following represents the correct set of species that are present in the solution in the largest amounts when acetic acid (CH₃COOH) reacts with ammonia (NH₃)?

A) acetic acid, CH₃COOH, and ammonia, NH₃
B) acetic acid, CH₃COOH, and ammonium ion, NH₄⁺
C) acetate ion, CH₃COO⁻, and ammonia, NH₃
D) acetate ion, CH₃COO⁻, and ammonium ion, NH₄⁺

Question 75

Which of the following is true when comparing two acids?

A) The stronger acid has the smaller K_a.
B) The stronger acid has the larger pK_a.
C) The stronger acid has the smaller K_a and the larger pK_a
D) None of these

Question 76

Which of the following is the stronger base in the acid-base equilibrium H₃O⁺ + I⁻ ⇋ H₂O + HI?

A) H₃O⁺
B) I⁻
C) H₂O
D) HI

Question 77

Hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is a weaker acid than ammonium ion (NH₄⁺). Which of the following represents the correct set of major species that are present in the solution when hydrocyanic acid (HCN) reacts with ammonia (NH₃)?

A) hydrocyanic acid, HCN, and ammonia, NH₃
B) hydrocyanic acid, HCN, and ammonium ion, NH₄⁺
C) cyanide ion, CN⁻, and ammonia, NH₃
D) cyanide ion, CN⁻, and ammonium ion, NH₄⁺

Question 78

Cyanide ion, CN⁻, is a stronger base than ammonia, NH₃. Which of the following represents the correct set of species that are present in the solution in the largest amounts when ammonia (NH₃) reacts with hydrocyanic acid (HCN)?

A) hydrocyanic acid, HCN, and ammonia, NH₃
B) hydrocyanic acid, HCN, and ammonium ion, NH₄⁺
C) cyanide ion, CN⁻, and ammonia, NH₃
D) cyanide ion, CN⁻, and ammonium ion, NH₄⁺

Question 79

Which of the following is true when comparing two acids?

A) The stronger acid has the larger K_a.
B) The stronger acid has the larger pK_a.
C) The stronger acid has the larger K_a and the larger pK_a
D) None of these

Question 80

Which of the following is the stronger acid in the acid-base equilibrium H₃O⁺ + I⁻ ⇋ H₂O + HI?

A) H₃O⁺
B) I⁻
C) H₂O
D) HI