Deck 5: Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Question 1

A gas occupies a volume of 6 L at 3 atm pressure. Calculate the volume of the gas when the pressure increases to 9 atm at the same temperature.

A) 0.5 L
B) 1 L
C) 4 L
D) 2 L

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following laws relates the pressure and the temperature of a gas when volume is kept constant?

A) Boyle's law
B) Charles's law
C) Dalton's law
D) Gay-Lussac's law

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following leads to an increase in the kinetic energy of a molecule?

A) an increase in surface area
B) an increase in temperature
C) an increase in density
D) an increase in intermolecular attractive forces

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which state of matter has the weakest attractive forces between its molecules?

A) A solid has the weakest attractive forces between its molecules.
B) A liquid has the weakest attractive forces between its molecules.
C) A gas has the weakest attractive forces between its molecules.
D) The attractive forces between the molecules are the same for all the states of matter.

Question 5

Which physical state of matter is represented by the following model?

A) solid
B) liquid
C) gas

Question 6

Which of the following directly determine the physical state of a substance at a given temperature?

A) covalent bonds
B) intermolecular forces
C) intramolecular forces
D) nuclear forces

Question 7

Which of the following is the SI unit of pressure?

A) bars
B) atmospheres
C) torr
D) pascal

Question 8

Which of the following instruments is used to measure atmospheric pressure?

A) an altimeter
B) a barometer
C) a manometer
D) a thermometer

Question 9

Which of the following laws relates the volume and the pressure of a gas when temperature is kept constant?

A) Avogadro's law
B) Boyle's law
C) Charles's law
D) Dalton's law

Question 10

When the state of a substance changes from A to B as represented by the given models, which of the following statements is true?

A) The velocity of the molecules increases.
B) The strength of the intermolecular forces increases.
C) The kinetic energy of the molecules decreases.
D) The strength of the intermolecular force increases and the kinetic energy of the molecules decreases.

Question 11

Which of the following is a mathematical representation of Boyle's law?

A) P₁V₂ = P₂V₁
B) P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
C) P₁/T₂ = P₂/T₁
D) P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

Question 12

At constant pressure, the temperature of a 3 L liquid is 56°C. Calculate the temperature if the volume of the liquid changes to 5 L.

A) 93 K
B) 548 K
C) 349°C
D) 440°C

Question 13

The temperature of a substance is decreased to a low value. Which of the following models would represent this substance at the lowered temperature?

A) A
B) B
C) C

Question 14

What is the average pressure of the atmosphere at sea level?

A) 760 mm Hg
B) 35.92 in. Hg
C) 780 torr
D) 760 bars

Question 15

Which of the following laws relates the volume and the temperature of a gas when pressure is kept constant?

A) Avogadro's law
B) Boyle's law
C) Charles's law
D) Dalton's law

Question 16

Which of the following units can be used to measure air pressure?

A) atmospheres
B) millimeters of Hg
C) torr
D) all of these

Question 17

Which of the following gas laws is related to the process of respiration?

A) Avogadro's law
B) Boyle's law
C) Charles's law
D) Dalton's law

Question 18

Which of the following is not a unit of pressure?

A) millimeters of Hg
B) pascals
C) torr
D) hertz

Question 19

Which of the following increases as temperature increases?

A) kinetic energy
B) intermolecular attractive forces
C) molecular weight
D) none of these

Question 20

Which of the following instruments is used to measure the pressure of a gas sample in a container?

A) an altimeter
B) a barometer
C) a manometer
D) a thermometer

Question 21

What will happen when the temperature of a gas is increased from 20°C to 40°C at constant pressure?

A) The volume of the gas will double.
B) The volume of the gas will decrease by half.
C) The volume of the gas will decrease slightly.
D) The volume of the gas will increase slightly.

Question 22

Suppose a balloon is filled so that its volume is 2.00 L when the pressure is 750 torr and the temperature is 24°C. What is the volume of the balloon when it rises to an elevation where the pressure is 375 torr and the temperature is 12°C?

A) 0.261 L
B) 0.500 L
C) 2.00 L
D) 3.84 L

Question 23

Which of the following is a mathematical representation of the combined gas law?

A) P₁V₂/T₁ = P₂V₁/T₂
B) P₁V₂/T₂ = P₂V₁/T₁
C) P₁V₁/T₂ = P₂V₂/T₁
D) P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

Question 24

Which of the following is a mathematical representation of Gay-Lussac's law?

A) P₁/V₂ = P₂/V₁
B) P₁/V₁ = P₂/V₂
C) P₁/T₂ = P₂/T₁
D) P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

Question 25

Which of the following is a mathematical representation of Boyle's law?

A) P₁/V₂ = P₂/V₁
B) P₁/V₁ = P₂/V₂
C) P₁/T₂ = P₂/T₁
D) P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

Question 26

Which of the following is true if the mercury level is the same on both sides of the J tube in a manometer?

A) The gas pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure.
B) The gas pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure.
C) The gas pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
D) The volume of the gas is directly proportional to atmospheric pressure.

Question 27

Which of the following is a mathematical representation of Gay-Lussac's law?

A) P₁V₂ = P₂V₁
B) P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
C) P₁T₂ = P₂T₁
D) P₁T₁ = P₂T₂

Question 28

At constant pressure, the temperature of a 4.00 L sample of gas is increased from 300 K to 400 K. Calculate the new volume of the gas sample.

A) 0.188 L
B) 0.300 L
C) 3.33 L
D) 5.33 L

Question 29

The temperature of a 6.5 L sample of a gas at constant pressure is 50°C. Calculate the temperature when the volume of the gas sample increases to 6.8 L.

A) 358°C
B) 338°C
C) 358 K
D) 338 K

Question 30

At constant pressure, the temperature of a 4.00 L sample of gas is increased from 25°C to 50°C. Calculate the new volume of the gas sample.

A) 2.00 L
B) 3.69 L
C) 4.34 L
D) 8.00 L

Question 31

At constant pressure, the temperature of a 4.0 L sample of gas is decreased from 50°C to 25°C. Calculate the new volume of the gas sample.

A) 2.00 L
B) 3.69 L
C) 4.34 L
D) 8.00 L

Question 32

At constant temperature, the pressure on a 10.0 L sample of gas is changed from 1.00 atm to 1140 torr. Calculate the new volume of the gas sample.

A) 0.00877 L
B) 6.67 L
C) 15.0 L
D) 114 L

Question 33

Suppose a balloon is filled so that its volume is 2.00 L when the pressure is 1.10 atm and the temperature is 300 K. What is the volume of the balloon when it rises to an elevation where the pressure is 418 mm Hg and the temperature is 200 K?

A) 3.30 L
B) 2.67 L
C) 0.375 L
D) 0.303 L

Question 34

At constant temperature, the pressure on a 10.0 L sample of gas is changed from 1140 torr to 1.00 atm. Calculate the new volume of the gas sample.

A) 0.00877 L
B) 6.67 L
C) 15.0 L
D) 114 L

Question 35

At constant pressure, the temperature of a 4.00 L sample of gas is decreased from 400 K to 300 K. Calculate the new volume of the gas sample.

A) 0.188 L
B) 0.333 L
C) 3.00 L
D) 5.33 L

Question 36

Which of the following is a mathematical representation of Charles's law?

A) P₁V₂ = P₂V₁
B) P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
C) V₁T₂ = V₂T₁
D) V₁T₁ = V₂T₂

Question 37

At constant temperature, the pressure on a 6.0 L sample of a gas is reduced from 2.0 atm to 1.0 atm. Calculate the new volume of the gas sample.

A) 0.083 L
B) 0.33 L
C) 3.0 L
D) 12 L

Question 38

Which of the following is a mathematical representation of Charles's law?

A) P₁/V₂ = P₂/V₁
B) P₁/V₁ = P₂/V₂
C) V₁/T₂ = V₂/T₁
D) V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

Question 39

At constant temperature, the pressure on a 6.0 L sample of gas is increased from 1.0 atm to 2.0 atm. Calculate the new volume of the gas sample.

A) 0.33 L
B) 0.67 L
C) 1.5 L
D) 3.0 L

Question 40

Which of the following is a mathematical representation of the combined gas law?

A) P₁V₂T₁ = P₂V₁T₂
B) P₁V₂T₂ = P₂V₁T₁
C) P₁V₁T₂ = P₂V₂T₁
D) P₁V₁T₁ = P₂V₂T₂

Question 41

What will happen when the temperature of a gas is decreased from 60 K to 30 K at constant pressure?

A) The volume of the gas will double.
B) The volume of the gas will decrease by half.
C) The volume of the gas will decrease slightly.
D) The volume of the gas will increase slightly.

Question 42

A student has three samples of gases that have equal volume. The three gases are O₂, CO₂, and NH₃; all the gases are at the same temperature and pressure. Which of the following sample contains the largest number of atoms?

A) O₂ contains the largest number of atoms.
B) CO₂ contains the largest number of atoms.
C) NH₃ contains the largest number of atoms.
D) All three gas samples contain an equal number of atoms.

Question 43

Which of the following laws relates the volume and the number of molecules of a gas when temperature and pressure are kept constant?

A) Avogadro's law
B) Boyle's law
C) Charles's law
D) Dalton's law

Question 44

What will happen when the temperature of a gas is decreased from 60°C to 30°C at constant pressure?

A) The volume of the gas will double.
B) The volume of the gas will decrease by half.
C) The volume of the gas will decrease slightly.
D) The volume of the gas will increase slightly.

Question 45

Which of the following are measures of standard temperature and pressure?

A) 0°C and 1 atm
B) 32°F and 1 atm
C) 273 K and 1 atm
D) all of these

Question 46

A certain quantity of neon gas is under 1.05 atm pressure at 303 K in a 10.0 L vessel. How many moles of neon are present in the neon gas?

A) 0.222 mol
B) 0.402 mol
C) 0.422 mol
D) 2.37 mol

Question 47

Which of the following is a mathematical representation of the ideal gas law?

A) PVRT = n
B) PV/RT = n
C) VRT/P = n
D) n = RT/PV

Question 48

In which of the following laws is volume maintained as a constant?

A) Charles's law
B) Avogadro's law
C) Gay-Lussac's law
D) Boyle's law

Question 49

Which of the following is a mathematical representation of the ideal gas law?

A) PV = n/RT
B) PV = nRT
C) V = nP/RT
D) PV = RT/n

Question 50

If an 8-g sample of molecular oxygen at 1.00 atm pressure occupies 3.00 L, calculate the temperature of the sample.

A) 146°C
B) 146 K
C) 73°C
D) 73 K

Question 51

If 2 mol of NO gas occupies 10.0 L at 295 K, what is the pressure of the gas in atmospheres?

A) 0.206 atm
B) 2.42 atm
C) 4.84 atm
D) 9.33 atm

Question 52

What volume does one mole of oxygen gas occupy at a temperature of 273 K and at a pressure of 1.00 atm?

A) 30.4 L
B) 30 L
C) 22.4 L
D) 20 L

Question 53

If a 7-g sample of molecular nitrogen occupies 2.50 L at 10°C, calculate the pressure of the sample.

A) 1.28 atm
B) 2.32 atm
C) 2.56 atm
D) 4.65 atm

Question 54

What will happen when the temperature of a gas is increased from 20 K to 40 K at constant pressure?

A) The volume of the gas will double.
B) The volume of the gas will decrease by half.
C) The volume of the gas will decrease slightly.
D) The volume of the gas will increase slightly.

Question 55

A sample of carbon dioxide occupies 22.4 L at STP. Which of the following statements is true of the sample?

A) The sample contains 6.02 × 10²³ atoms of carbon.
B) The sample contains 6.02 × 10²³ atoms of oxygen.
C) The sample contains 6.02 × 10²³ molecules of carbon dioxide.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 56

A student has three samples of gases that have equal volume. The three gases are O₂, CO₂, and NH₃; all the gases are at the same temperature and pressure. Which of the following samples contains the largest number of molecules?

A) O₂ contains the largest number of molecules.
B) CO₂ contains the largest number of molecules.
C) NH₃ contains the largest number of molecules.
D) All three gas samples contain an equal number of molecules.

Question 57

Which of the following are measures of standard temperature and pressure?

A) 0°C and 1 atm
B) 0°F and 1 atm
C) 0 K and 1 atm
D) none of these

Question 58

Calculate the volume occupied by an 8-g sample of molecular oxygen at STP.

A) 5.60 L
B) 11.2 L
C) 22.4 L
D) 44.8 L

Question 59

A gas expands from an initial volume of 20.5 L at 0.92 atm and 23°C to a final volume of 34.6 L. During the expansion, the gas cools to 12°C. Calculate the final pressure of the gas.

A) 0.28 atm
B) 0.52 atm
C) 0.57 atm
D) 1.9 atm

Question 60

Which of the following is the correct unit for the ideal gas law constant, R?

A) L/mol
B) L·atm⁻¹·mol
C) L·atm·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
D) L·atm·mol·K

Question 61

Which of the following increases when the number of collisions per unit time increases for a gas in a container?

A) volume
B) density
C) pressure
D) attractive force between the molecules

Question 62

Which of the following laws applies only to mixtures of gases?

A) Avogadro's law
B) Boyle's law
C) Charles's law
D) Dalton's law

Question 63

Dry air is 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen and 0.93% argon with the 0.04% consisting of other gases. Calculate the partial pressure of nitrogen in dry air when the atmospheric pressure is 760 torr.

A) 78.08 torr
B) 166.6 torr
C) 593.4 torr
D) 760.0 torr

Question 64

Which of the following is not true of the kinetic molecular theory?

A) The average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to the temperature in kelvins.
B) Gas molecules are assumed to have no volume.
C) Gas pressure is caused by collisions between gas molecules and the container walls.
D) The pressure of a gas sample reduces as the number of collisions per unit time increases.

Question 65

Which of the following is not true of the kinetic molecular theory?

A) Gas molecules are assumed to have no volume.
B) Gas pressure is caused by collisions between gas molecules and the container walls.
C) When gas molecules collide, they stick together.
D) None, all of these are true.

Question 66

An unknown amount of He gas occupies 30.5 L at 2.00 atm pressure and 300 K. Calculate the weight of the gas in the container.

A) 2.48 g
B) 4.95 g
C) 9.91 g
D) 19.8 g

Question 67

What is condensation?

A) It is the change of a substance from the liquid state to the gaseous state.
B) It is the change of a substance from the solid state to the liquid state.
C) It is the change of a substance from the liquid state to the solid state.
D) It is the change of a substance from the gaseous state to the liquid state.

Question 68

Which of the following is not an example of an intermolecular attractive force?

A) Covalent bonding
B) Dipole-dipole interactions
C) London dispersion forces
D) Hydrogen bonding

Question 69

Which of the following is usually the weakest intermolecular interaction in small molecules?

A) Covalent bonding
B) Dipole-dipole interactions
C) London dispersion forces
D) Hydrogen bonding

Question 70

Which of the following might correspond to the O₂ pressure in a hyperbaric chamber?

A) 160 torr
B) 760 torr
C) 1600 torr
D) none of these

Question 71

A vessel under 2.015 atm pressure containing nitrogen and water vapor has a total pressure of 2.015 atm. The partial pressure of N₂ is 1.908 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of the water vapor.

A) 0.107 atm
B) 1.908 atm
C) 2.015 atm
D) 3.923 atm

Question 72

Dry air is 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, and 0.93% argon with the 0.04% consisting of other gases. Calculate the partial pressure of oxygen in dry air when the atmospheric pressure is 760 torr.

A) 20.95 torr
B) 159.2 torr
C) 600.8 torr
D) 760.0 torr

Question 73

A tank contains N₂ at 2.5 atm and O₂ at 1.5 atm. An unknown quantity of CO₂ is added until the total pressure within the tank is 5.5 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of CO₂ in the tank.

A) 5.5 atm
B) 3.5 atm
C) 1.5 atm
D) 2.5 atm

Question 74

Which of the following is true of hydrogen bonding?

A) Compounds that contain H-O, H-F, or H-N bonds show hydrogen bonding.
B) Compounds that contain H-S, H-Cl, or H-P bonds show hydrogen bonding.
C) Both of these are true.
D) None of these are true.

Question 75

Which type of intermolecular attraction exists between molecules?

A) Covalent bonding
B) Dipole-dipole interactions
C) London dispersion forces
D) Hydrogen bonding

Question 76

A vessel containing CO₂ and H₂O has a pressure of 2.502 atm. The partial pressure of CO₂ is 1.980 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of H₂O in the vessel.

A) 0.522 atm
B) 0.955 atm
C) 1.204 atm
D) 4.482 atm

Question 77

What is solidification?

A) It is the change of a substance from the liquid state to the solid state.
B) It is the change of a substance from the gaseous state to the liquid state.
C) It is the change of a substance from the liquid state to the gaseous state.
D) It is the change of a substance from the solid state to the liquid state.

Question 78

A closed flask contains 0.25 mol of O₂ that exerts a pressure of 0.50 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of oxygen when 0.75 mol of CO₂ is added to the container.

A) 0.50 atm
B) 1.0 atm
C) 1.5 atm
D) 2.0 atm

Question 79

Which of the following influences the strength of London dispersion forces?

A) the number of electrons
B) the size of molecules
C) the shape of molecules
D) all of these

Question 80

Which of the following is the strongest intermolecular interaction?

A) Covalent bonding
B) Dipole-dipole interactions
C) London dispersion forces
D) Hydrogen bonding