Deck 17: Carboxylic Acids

Question 1

Which of the following is not a real compound?

A) 1-hydroxybutanoic acid
B) 2-hydroxybutanoic acid
C) 3-hydroxybutanoic acid
D) none of these

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is a major component of kidney stones?

A) calcium glutarate
B) calcium malate
C) calcium oxalate
D) calcium succinate

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which is the correct IUPAC name of the carboxylic acid that contains five carbon atoms?

A) 1-methyl-1-butanoic acid
B) 1,1-dimethylpropanoic acid
C) 1,2-dimethylpropanoic acid
D) 2-methylbutanoic acid

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is γ-hydroxybutyric acid?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 5

How many carboxylic acids have the molecular formula C₄H₈O₂?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct structure of caproic acid?

A) CH₃(CH₂)₂COOH
B) CH₃(CH₂)₃COOH
C) CH₃(CH₂)₄COOH
D) CH₃(CH₂)₁₀COOH

Question 7

Which of the following compounds contain(s) a carboxylic acid functional group?

A) A and B only
B) A and C only
C) C only
D) B only

Question 8

Identify the nonpolar covalent bond present in ethanoic acid.

A) C-O single bond
B) C-O double bond
C) C-H single bond
D) O-H single bond

Question 9

Which of the following must be present in a carboxylic acid?

A) a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group bonded to different carbon atoms
B) a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group bonded to the same carbon atom
C) two hydroxyl groups bonded to the same carbon atom
D) two carbonyl groups bonded to the same carbon atom

Question 10

Which of the following is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle?

A) glutaric acid
B) oxalic acid
C) succinic acid
D) valeric acid

Question 11

Which of the following acids is a component of the venom injected by stinging ants?

A) butyric acid
B) acetic acid
C) formic acid
D) stearic acid

Question 12

What is the IUPAC name of GABA?

A) 3-amino-2-propenoic acid
B) 4-aminobutanoic acid
C) 4-amino-benzoic acid
D) 4-carboxybutylamine

Question 13

Which of the following is not a dicarboxylic acid?

A) glutaric acid
B) oxalic acid
C) succinic acid
D) none of these

Question 14

What is the IUPAC name of the following carboxylic acid?

A) 3-carboxyhexane
B) 2-ethylpentanoic acid
C) 4-ethylpentanoic acid
D) 2-propylbutanoic acid

Question 15

Which is the correct IUPAC name of the carboxylic acid that contains three carbon atoms?

A) 2-methylpropanoic acid
B) propanoic acid
C) 2-propionic acid
D) ethanedioic acid

Question 16

What is the IUPAC name of the straight chain dicarboxylic acid that contains seven carbon atoms?

A) 1,6-heptanedioic acid
B) heptanedioic acid
C) 1,5-pentanedioic acid
D) pentanedioic acid

Question 17

Which is the correct IUPAC name of the carboxylic acid that contains four carbon atoms?

A) butanoic acid
B) isobutyric acid
C) 2-butanoic acid
D) butyric acid

Question 18

Identify the structure of decanoic acid.

A) CH₃-(CH₂)₄-COOH
B) CH₃-(CH₂)₆-COOH
C) CH₃-(CH₂)₈-COOH
D) CH₃-(CH₂)₁₀-COOH

Question 19

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A) 5-carboxydecane
B) 5-pentylhexanoic acid
C) 2-pentylhexanoic acid
D) 2-butylheptanoic acid

Question 20

What is the IUPAC name of the carboxylic acid that contains three carbon atoms and a terminal amine group?

A) 3-carboxyethylamine
B) 1-amino-3-propanoic acid
C) 3-carboxypropylamine
D) 3-aminopropanoic acid

Question 21

Identify the fatty acid denoted by 20:0.

A) lauric acid
B) palmitic acid
C) stearic acid
D) arachidic acid

Question 22

Identify the difference between oxalic acid and malonic acid.

A) Oxalic acid has one carboxylic group, whereas malonic acid has two carboxylic groups.
B) Oxalic acid has two carboxylic groups, whereas malonic acid has one carboxylic group.
C) Oxalic acid has two carbon atoms, whereas malonic acid has three carbon atoms.
D) Oxalic acid has three carbon atoms, whereas malonic acid has two carbon atoms.

Question 23

Which of the following acids is the least soluble in water?

A) acetic acid
B) propionic acid
C) capric acid
D) butyric acid

Question 24

Identify the correct structure of stearic acid.

A) CH₃-(CH₂)₄-COOH
B) CH₃-(CH₂)₈-COOH
C) CH₃-(CH₂)₁₀-COOH
D) CH₃-(CH₂)₁₆-COOH

Question 25

In a sample of a pure carboxylic acid, how many hydrogen bonds are formed between a pair of carboxylic acid molecules?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 26

Identify the reaction that involves the conversion of butanoic acid to propane by heating it to a very high temperature.

A) oxidation
B) esterification
C) decarboxylation
D) hydrogenation

Question 27

Which of the following compounds is most soluble in water?

A) A
B) C
C) B
D) none of these

Question 28

Identify the acid that is primarily responsible for the sour taste of pickles and sauerkraut.

A) pentanoic acid
B) citric acid
C) lactic acid
D) butanoic acid

Question 29

Which of the following acids is the most soluble in water?

A) caprylic acid
B) caproic acid
C) butyric acid
D) lauric acid

Question 30

Which of the following is correct about the solubilities of propanoic acid and propanal in water?

A) Water solubility of propanoic acid is significantly less than propanal.
B) Water solubility of propanoic acid is slightly less than propanal.
C) Water solubility of propanoic acid is slightly more than propanal.
D) Water solubility of propanoic acid is significantly more than propanal.

Question 31

GABA is the abbreviation for the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid. Which of the following is the structure of GABA?

A)
B)
C) NH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH
D) none of these

Question 32

Which of the following acids is used in the synthesis of the polymer nylon-66?

A) adipic acid
B) palmitic acid
C) stearic acid
D) formic acid

Question 33

Which of the following compounds will have the lowest boiling point?

A) butanoic acid
B) 1-proponol
C) acetic acid
D) propanal

Question 34

Which of the following statements best compares the boiling points of carboxylic acids and other neutral organic compounds of comparable weight?

A) They are significantly lower than the boiling points of the other compounds.
B) They are slightly lower than the boiling points of the other compounds.
C) They are slightly higher than the boiling points of the other compounds.
D) They are significantly higher than the boiling points of the other compounds.

Question 35

Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point?

A) butanoic acid
B) 1-proponol
C) acetic acid
D) propanal

Question 36

Identify the fatty acid denoted by 18:2.

A) stearic acid
B) palmitoleic acid
C) linoleic acid
D) arachidonic acid

Question 37

How are fatty acids obtained from animal fats?

A) by hydrolysis
B) by reduction
C) by oxidation
D) by substitution

Question 38

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A) 3-carboxyaniline
B) 4-aminobenzoic acid
C) 4-carboxyaniline
D) m-aminobenzoic acid

Question 39

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A) 3-aminoheptanoic acid
B) 4-aminooctanoic acid
C) 4-amino-4-butylbutanoic acid
D) γ-aminobutyric acid

Question 40

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A) 2-hydroxy-4-butanoic acid
B) 3-hydroxybutanoic acid
C) α-hydroxybutanoic acid
D) γ-hydroxybutanoic acid

Question 41

Which of the following notations corresponds to the fatty acid with the lowest melting point?

A) 18:0
B) 18:1
C) 18:2
D) 18:3

Question 42

Which of the following 18 carbon fatty acids will have the highest melting point?

A) oleic acid
B) linoleic acid
C) linolenic acid
D) stearic acid

Question 43

Which of the following fatty acids is saturated?

A) lauric acid
B) palmitic acid
C) stearic acid
D) all of these

Question 44

Which of the following is true of linolenic acid?

A) It has two double bonds.
B) It has four double bonds.
C) It has five double bonds.
D) It has three double bonds.

Question 45

Why do saturated fatty acids have higher melting points than cis-unsaturated fatty acids of comparable molecular weight.

A) because saturated fatty acids have stronger repulsive forces between their hydrocarbon chains than unsaturated fatty acids do
B) because saturated fatty acids have stronger hydrogen bonds between their hydrocarbon chains than unsaturated fatty acids do
C) because saturated fatty acids have stronger ionic bonds between their hydrocarbon chains than unsaturated fatty acids do
D) because saturated fatty acids have stronger London dispersion forces between their hydrocarbon chains than unsaturated fatty acids do

Question 46

Which of the following is an unsaturated fatty acid?

A) arachidonic acid
B) palmitic acid
C) stearic acid
D) lauric acid

Question 47

Which of the following 18 carbon fatty acids will have the lowest melting point?

A) oleic acid
B) linoleic acid
C) linolenic acid
D) stearic acid

Question 48

Which of the following is true of the sources of fatty acids?

A) Both animals and plants are rich in saturated fatty acids.
B) Both animals and plants are rich in unsaturated fatty acids.
C) Animals are rich in saturated fatty acids, and plants are rich in unsaturated fatty acids.
D) Plants are rich in saturated fatty acids, and animals are rich in unsaturated fatty acids.

Question 49

Which of the following is true of the most abundant, naturally occurring fatty acids?

A) Nearly all of them contain an even number of carbon atoms.
B) About 70% of them contain an odd number of carbon atoms.
C) Approximately half of them contain an even number of carbon atoms.
D) Nearly all of them contain an odd number of carbon atoms.

Question 50

Which of the following unsaturated acids has the fewest double bonds?

A) arachidonic acid
B) linoleic acid
C) linolenic acid
D) oleic acid

Question 51

Which of the following is true of the most unsaturated fatty acids?

A) The cis isomer predominates the trans isomer.
B) The trans isomer predominates the cis isomer.
C) There is an equal distribution of cis and trans isomers.
D) All are cis isomers.

Question 52

Which of the following notations corresponds to the fatty acid with the highest melting point?

A) 18:0
B) 18:1
C) 18:2
D) 18:3

Question 53

Which of the following fatty acids is unsaturated?

A) arachidonic acid
B) linoleic acid
C) linolenic acid
D) all of these

Question 54

Which of the following is the correct statement about stearic acid and linoleic acid?

A) They have same melting point of −5°C.
B) The melting point of stearic acid is lower than that of linoleic acid.
C) The melting point of stearic acid is higher than that of linoleic acid.
D) They have the same melting point of 70°C.

Question 55

Which of the following gives the correct order of health risk for the three types of fatty acids?

A) trans > saturated > cis
B) trans > cis > saturated
C) cis > saturated > trans
D) cis > trans > saturated

Question 56

Saponification is an example of which type of reaction?

A) esterification
B) ester hydrolysis
C) reduction
D) oxidation

Question 57

Which of the following is true of the melting points of unsaturated fatty acids?

A) The lower the degree of unsaturation, the lower is the melting point.
B) The greater the degree of unsaturation, the lower is the melting point.
C) The greater the degree of unsaturation, the greater is the melting point.
D) The degree of unsaturation has no effect on the melting point.

Question 58

Which of the following unsaturated fatty acids has the most double bonds?

A) arachidonic acid
B) linoleic acid
C) linolenic acid
D) oleic acid

Question 59

How is 3-cyclopentene-carboxylic acid converted to 4-hydroxymethyl-cyclopentene?

A) by heating to a high temperature to undergo decarboxylation
B) by treating with sodium bicarbonate
C) by reducing with LiAlH₄ followed by hydrolysis
D) by acid-catalyzed reaction with ethanol

Question 60

Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid?

A) arachidonic acid
B) oleic acid
C) palmitic acid
D) linoleic acid

Question 61

In which form will carboxylic acid, RCOOH, be present in an aqueous solution with pH of the solution equal to the pKa of the acid?

A) primarily as RCOOH(aq)
B) primarily as RCOO⁻ (aq)
C) equal amounts of RCOOH(aq) and RCOO⁻ (aq)
D) neither RCOOH(aq) nor RCOO⁻ (aq)

Question 62

In a soap micelle, which of the following is true?

A) The hydrophilic region is on the surface and the hydrophobic region is in the interior.
B) The hydrophobic region is on the surface and the hydrophilic region is in the interior.
C) The hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions are uniformly distributed throughout the surface of the micelle.
D) When the micelle is formed, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions interact and neutralize one another.

Question 63

Which of the following is a detergent molecule?

A) sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate
B) sodium silicate
C) sodium perborate tetrahydrate
D) none of these

Question 64

Identify the cations that produce water-insoluble salts when mixed with water.

A) Ca²⁺ ions
B) K⁺ ions
C) both Ca²⁺ ions and K⁺ ions
D) neither Ca²⁺ ions nor K⁺ ions

Question 65

Which of the following correctly describes the reagent(s) used to manufacture a detergent from a linear alkylbenzene precursor?

A) NaOH only
B) H₂SO₄ only
C) NaOH followed by H₂SO₄
D) H₂SO₄ followed by NaOH

Question 66

Which of the following compounds is the strongest acid?

A) acetic acid
B) chloroacetic acid
C) dichloroacetic acid
D) trichloroacetic acid

Question 67

What is formed by the reaction of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide?

A) sodium perborate tetrahydrate
B) sodium hydroxybenzoate
C) sodium benzenesulfonate
D) sodium benzoate

Question 68

Identify the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 69

Given that the electron-withdrawing ability of a substituent falls off with the distance, rank order the following carboxylic acids from the strongest acid to the weakest acid.

A) (i) > (ii) > (iii)
B) (iii) > (ii) > (i)
C) (ii) > (iii) > (i)
D) (ii) > (i) > (iii)

Question 70

Which of the following cations are present in hard water?

A) Ca²⁺ ions
B) Fe³⁺ ions
C) Mg²⁺ ions
D) all of these

Question 71

Which of the following reagents is required in saponification?

A) an oxidizing agent
B) a strong base
C) a reducing agent
D) a weak acid

Question 72

The reactions of a carboxylic acid with which of the following reagents produces a gas?

A) NaHCO₃
B) NaOH
C) both NaHCO₃ and NaOH
D) neither NaHCO₃ nor NaOH

Question 73

Which of the following can be used as a fungal growth inhibitor?

A) calcium propanoate
B) sodium benzoate
C) both calcium propanoate and sodium benzoate
D) neither calcium propanoate nor sodium benzoate

Question 74

What happens when oil is added to a soap solution?

A) Oil adsorbs on the outer surface of the soap micelles.
B) Oil dissolves in the nonpolar hydrocarbon inner parts of the soap micelles.
C) Both of these are correct.
D) Neither of these is correct.

Question 75

In which form will carboxylic acid, RCOOH, be present in an aqueous solution with pH greater than 7.0?

A) primarily as RCOOH(aq)
B) primarily as RCOO− (aq)
C) equal amounts of RCOOH(aq) and RCOO− (aq)
D) neither RCOOH(aq) nor RCOO− (aq)

Question 76

In the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, when will the pH be equal to the pK_a?

A) when [A⁻] = 0.5 × [HA]
B) when [A⁻] = 1 × [HA]
C) when [HA]= 3 × [A⁻]
D) when [A⁻] = 2 × [HA]

Question 77

What is the difference between stearic acid and linoleic acid?

A) Stearic acid has 18 carbon atoms, whereas linoleic acid has 16 carbon atoms.
B) Stearic acid is unsaturated, whereas linoleic acid is saturated.
C) Stearic acid has 18 carbon atoms, whereas linoleic acid has 20 carbon atoms.
D) Stearic acid is saturated, whereas linoleic acid is unsaturated.

Question 78

Which of the following is used as a bleaching agent in detergent preparations?

A) sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate
B) sodium silicate
C) sodium perborate tetrahydrate
D) none of these

Question 79

Which of the following is a byproduct in the production of soaps?

A) glycerol
B) triglycerides
C) glyceric acid
D) none of these

Question 80

Which of the following is used by dentists to cauterize gums?

A) acetic acid
B) chloroacetic acid
C) dichloroacetic acid
D) trichloroacetic acid