Deck 17: Prologue·The Story of Psycho ogy

Question 1

The suggestion that psychology is less a set of facts than a method of evaluating ideas best highlights the ________ character of psychology.

A) naturalistic
B) humanistic
C) scientific
D) introspective

Answer 1

C

Question 2

To study inner sensations, images, and feelings, Edward Titchener engaged people in self-reflective

A) psychoanalysis.
B) introspection.
C) positive psychology.
D) spaced practice.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the ________ perspective.

A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) evolutionary
D) psychodynamic

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The marriage rituals of different ethnic groups are of most relevance to the _______ perspective.

A) evolutionary
B) social-cultural
C) psychodynamic
D) cognitive

Question 5

The early school of psychology that used introspection was known as

A) psychiatry.
B) behaviorism.
C) naturalism.
D) structuralism.

Question 6

In the context of debates over the origins of ideas, nature is to nurture as ________ is to Locke.

A) Aristotle
B) Plato
C) Darwin
D) Descartes

Question 7

In debating the origins of human traits, Plato and Aristotle disagreed about the relative importance of

A) basic and applied research.
B) nature and nurture.
C) behavior and mental processes.
D) structuralism and functionalism.

Question 8

A study of the relationship between reasoning capacities and brain functions would be of most direct interest to

A) behaviorism.
B) humanistic psychology.
C) cognitive neuroscience.
D) the psychodynamic perspective.

Question 9

An integrated explanation of human behavior provided by the neuroscience, cognitive, social-cultural, and other perspectives in psychology is most clearly provided by

A) SQ3R.
B) behaviorism.
C) a psychodynamic perspective.
D) a biopsychosocial approach.

Question 10

Professor Reed attempts to assess the relative contributions of heredity and home environment on children's susceptibility to depression. Her research best illustrates the concerns of the ________ perspective.

A) psychodynamic
B) behavior genetics
C) cognitive
D) behavioral

Question 11

Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the links between hormone levels and sexual motivation?

A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) neuroscience

Question 12

Professor Helms conducts basic research on the progressive changes in infants' perceptual skills during the first year of life. Professor Helms is most likely a ________ psychologist.

A) social
B) clinical
C) personality
D) developmental

Question 13

Compared with the structuralists, early behaviorists were much less likely to focus on the study of

A) smiling.
B) screaming.
C) fighting.
D) thinking.

Question 14

The growth potential of healthy people was emphasized by

A) Freudian psychology.
B) cognitive neuroscience.
C) structuralism.
D) humanistic psychology.

Question 15

SQ3R is an acronym for an effective

A) neuroscience perspective.
B) study method.
C) biopsychosocial approach.
D) form of psychotherapy.

Question 16

Focusing on the extent to which personality is influenced by motives outside our own awareness is most relevant to the ________ perspective.

A) neuroscience
B) behavioral
C) psychodynamic
D) social-cultural

Question 17

Edward Titchener was concerned primarily with the study of

A) sensory experiences.
B) psychological disorders.
C) inherited traits.
D) social relationships.

Question 18

Wilhelm Wundt was both a

A) psychoanalyst and psychiatrist.
B) physiologist and philosopher.
C) sociologist and psychiatrist.
D) theologian and philosopher.

Question 19

Which school of psychology was most clearly concerned with the adaptive value of complex mental processes?

A) structuralism
B) behaviorism
C) psychoanalysis
D) functionalism

Question 20

Debates as to whether alcohol abuse is biologically determined or culturally influenced are most relevant to the issue of

A) nature and nurture.
B) observation and introspection.
C) behavior and mental processes.
D) structuralism and functionalism.

Question 21

Professor Thurstone investigates whether a teacher's negative perceptions of some students can affect the students' test scores. Professor Thurstone is most likely a ________ psychologist.

A) clinical
B) social
C) biological
D) personality

Question 22

Basic research on persistent human traits like optimism and pessimism is most characteristic of the specialty known as ________ psychology.

A) biological
B) personality
C) social
D) developmental

Question 23

Which perspective would be most helpful for understanding the role of retrieval practice on long-term memory of information?

A) psychodynamic
B) social-cultural
C) cognitive
D) behavior genetics

Question 24

Inherited traits are to learned habits as the ________ perspective is to the ________ perspective.

A) behavioral; social-cultural
B) evolutionary; behavioral
C) social-cultural; neuroscience
D) neuroscience; evolutionary

Question 25

Testing your ability to recall information you have just studied improves your long- term retention of that information. Psychologists have referred to this as

A) SQ3R.
B) introspection.
C) the testing effect.
D) positive psychology.