Deck 26: The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Which of these covers the heart and the large blood vessels attached to it?

A) Pericardium
B) Myocardium
C) Epicardium
D) Endocardium
E) Pericardial cavity

Answer 1

Pericardium

Question 2

The ____ is thin and smooth and is the innermost layer of the heart.

A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Endocardium
D) Pericardium
E) Pericardial cavity

Answer 2

Endocardium

Question 3

The ____ valve is also known as the mitral valve.

A) Tricuspid
B) Bicuspid
C) Pulmonary semilunar
D) Aortic semilunar
E) Right atrioventricular

Answer 3

Bicuspid

Question 4

Which of these layers of the heart wall contains Purkinje fibers?

A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Endocardium
D) Pericardium
E) Pericardial cavity

Question 5

Which valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle?

A) Tricuspid
B) Bicuspid
C) Pulmonary semilunar
D) Aortic semilunar
E) Right atrioventricular

Question 6

The ____ lies directly on the heart.

A) myocardium
B) visceral pericardium
C) parietal pericardium
D) endocardium
E) epicardium

Question 7

Which of the following valves prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle?

A) Tricuspid
B) Bicuspid
C) Pulmonary semilunar
D) Aortic semilunar
E) Left atrioventricular

Question 8

Which layer of the heart is the outermost layer, which contains fat to cushion the heart?

A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Endocardium
D) Pericardium
E) Pericardial cavity

Question 9

The ____ valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

A) tricuspid
B) bicuspid
C) pulmonary semilunar
D) aortic semilunar
E) left atrioventricular

Question 10

The purpose of the four valves of the heart is to ____.

A) control the rate of blood flow
B) ensure one-way blood flow
C) keep the blood in the correct chamber
D) maintain blood pressure
E) generate rhythmic contractions

Question 11

Which of the following is the thickest layer of the heart, which is made up of muscle?

A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Endocardium
D) Pericardium
E) Pericardial cavity

Question 12

Blood pressure is greatest in the arteries ____.

A) when the heart is between contraction and relaxation
B) when the atria contract
C) when the Purkinje fibers are stimulated
D) when the SA node fires
E) when the ventricles contract

Question 13

Which part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the wall of the right atrium?

A) SA node
B) AV node
C) Bundle of His
D) Purkinje fibers
E) Bundle branches

Question 14

Which component of the conduction system is located between the ventricles?

A) SA node
B) AV node
C) Bundle of His
D) Purkinje fibers
E) Bundle branches

Question 15

The ____ lies on top of the visceral pericardium.

A) fibrous pericardium
B) parietal pericardium
C) myocardium
D) endocardium
E) epicardium

Question 16

Myocardial infarctions result from ____.

A) damaged heart valves
B) weakened heart muscle
C) obstruction of blood to the heart muscle
D) a serious arrhythmia
E) a defective SA node

Question 17

Body cells surrounding capillaries usually have a ____.

A) high oxygen concentration
B) low oxygen concentration
C) low carbon dioxide concentration
D) high nutrient concentration
E) low concentration of waste products

Question 18

The ____ valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.

A) tricuspid
B) bicuspid
C) pulmonary semilunar
D) aortic semilunar
E) right atrioventricular

Question 19

Water is forced through capillary walls by ____.

A) different concentrations of substances
B) low pressure of the blood
C) filtration
D) osmosis
E) diffusion

Question 20

A person's blood pressure is a reflection of ____.

A) lymphatic pressure
B) arterial pressure
C) osmotic pressure
D) venous pressure
E) intracardiac pressure

Question 21

The ____ have walls that are one cell thick.

A) arterioles
B) arteries
C) veins
D) venules
E) capillaries

Question 22

Which of the following veins drains the intestines?

A) Mesenteric
B) Renal
C) Brachial
D) Iliac
E) Intercostal

Question 23

Which of the following causes arrhythmia when elevated?

A) Exercise
B) Body temperature
C) Potassium ions
D) Calcium ions
E) Phosphate ions

Question 24

The strongest blood vessels-those that can constrict or dilate the most-are ____.

A) arterioles
B) arteries
C) veins
D) venules
E) capillaries

Question 25

Which part of the cardiac conduction system is known as the pacemaker of the heart?

A) SA node
B) AV node
C) Bundle of His
D) Purkinje fibers
E) Bundle branches

Question 26

Which of the following does not cause an increase in the heart rate?

A) Strenuous exercise
B) Elevated body temperature
C) Parasympathetic nerve stimulation
D) Sympathetic nerve stimulation
E) Low concentration of potassium ions

Question 27

Which of the following does not decrease the blood pressure?

A) Loss of blood
B) Vasoconstriction
C) Vasodilation
D) Dehydration
E) Decreased cardiac output

Question 28

The bundle branches carry the electrical impulse to the ____.

A) SA node
B) AV node
C) AV bundle
D) Purkinje fibers
E) mitral valve

Question 29

Which arteries supply blood to the rib area?

A) Intercostals
B) External iliacs
C) Axillaries
D) Popliteals
E) Occipitals

Question 30

Venules and arterioles are connected by ____.

A) arterioles
B) arteries
C) veins
D) venules
E) capillaries

Question 31

Which of the following results in an increased blood pressure?

A) Increased cardiac output
B) Loss of blood
C) Vasodilation
D) Dehydration
E) Shock

Question 32

Which of the following decreases the heart rate?

A) Strenuous exercise
B) Elevated body temperature
C) Parasympathetic nerve stimulation
D) Sympathetic nerve stimulation
E) Low concentration of potassium ions

Question 33

Which part of the cardiac conduction system receives the impulse from the SA node?

A) SA node
B) AV node
C) Bundle of His
D) Purkinje fibers
E) Bundle branches

Question 34

Which of the following can cause longer-than-normal heart contractions?

A) Strenuous exercise
B) Elevated body temperature
C) High concentration of potassium ions
D) High concentration of calcium ions
E) Elevated heart rate

Question 35

The ____ are small vessels that carry deoxygenated blood.

A) arterioles
B) arteries
C) veins
D) venules
E) capillaries

Question 36

The ____ artery supplies the thigh.

A) left carotid
B) right subclavian
C) celiac
D) phrenic
E) femoral

Question 37

The blood supply for the teeth comes from the ____ artery.

A) mesenteric
B) axillary
C) lumbar
D) lingual
E) maxillary

Question 38

The ____ are small vessels that carry oxygenated blood.

A) arterioles
B) arteries
C) veins
D) venules
E) capillaries

Question 39

The cardiac control center responds to ____.

A) changes in blood pressure
B) increase in potassium ion concentration
C) strenuous exercise
D) increase in calcium ion concentration
E) Increase in body temperature

Question 40

Which part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the lateral walls of the ventricles?

A) SA node
B) AV node
C) Bundle of His
D) Purkinje fibers
E) Bundle branches

Question 41

Karyn has been having episodes of tachycardia (rapid heartbeat) associated with her congestive heart failure. The physician offers to give her a prescription for a medication to help slow the heart, but Karyn does not want to add "yet another" medication to those she is already taking. Which of the following options might help Karyn control the rapid heartbeat without medication?

A) Maze procedure
B) Vagal maneuvers
C) Increased exercise
D) Increased caffeine intake
E) Electrical shock

Question 42

Blood leaves the armpits through the ____ veins.

A) saphenous
B) iliac
C) mesenteric
D) axillary
E) brachial

Question 43

If chest pain follows a meal and increases when the patient bends over, it is generally due to ____.

A) heartburn
B) costochondritis
C) pulmonary embolism
D) sore muscles
E) pleurisy

Question 44

Chest pain caused by ____ generally occurs only during body movements.

A) heartburn
B) costochondritis
C) pulmonary embolism
D) sore muscles
E) panic attacks

Question 45

The ____ vein is the major vein in the legs.

A) azygos
B) intercostal
C) saphenous
D) jugular
E) brachiocephalic

Question 46

Blood enters the ________ (letter F) from the left ventricle to be distributed throughout the body.

Question 47

The ____ vein takes blood to the liver from the intestines.

A) saphenous
B) iliac
C) mesenteric
D) axillary
E) gastric

Question 48

The ____ vein removes blood from the thorax and abdomen.

A) azygos
B) intercostal
C) saphenous
D) iliac
E) axillary

Question 49

When the ________ (letter D) contracts, blood is pushed through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta.

Question 50

Mrs. Landon has been diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Her cholesterol level is high, and the physician advised her to get more exercise and follow a low-fat diet. At her follow-up appointment, however, the physician tests her cholesterol level and it is still unacceptably high. Which of the following medications might you expect the physician to prescribe to help lower her cholesterol?

A) RhoGAM
B) Lasix
C) Lipitor
D) Aspirin
E) Ibuprofen

Question 51

The ____ arteries supply blood to the forearm and hand.

A) brachial and popliteal
B) ulnar and radial
C) common iliac and external iliac
D) femoral and tibial
E) maxillary and lingual

Question 52

The ________ valve (letter A) prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle. It is called a semilunar valve because its cusps are shaped like a half moon.

Question 53

The ________ veins (letter B) empty oxygenated blood into the left atrium.

Question 54

The ________ valve (letter E) has two cusps and is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Question 55

Which of the following causes chest pain only when someone pushes on the chest?

A) Heartburn
B) Costochondritis
C) Pulmonary embolism
D) Sore muscles
E) Pleurisy

Question 56

Mr. Jackson is being seen in the urgent care center where you work because of severe chest pain. He says the pain is sharp and severe and gets worse when he coughs or breathes in. He is afraid he is having a heart attack. Based on these symptoms, you might suspect that he has

A) heartburn.
B) costochondritis.
C) a pulmonary embolism.
D) sore muscles.
E) myocardial infarction.

Question 57

Blood that is low in oxygen and rich in carbon dioxide enters the ________ (letter C) of the heart.

Question 58

Gluteal areas are served by the ____ veins.

A) azygos
B) intercostal
C) saphenous
D) iliac
E) popliteal

Question 59

Mr. Johnson is overweight and admits that he rarely gets any exercise. He smokes, even though the physician warned him to stop smoking after he had a myocardial infarction four years ago. He is in the office today complaining that he just doesn't feel well. He is experiencing nausea and is a little dizzy. You notice that his feet ankles seem swollen and his neck veins are prominent. For which of the following conditions might you expect the physician to test?

A) Endocarditis
B) Hypertension
C) Mitral valve prolapse
D) Congestive heart failure
E) Acute myocardial infarction

Question 60

Which of the following causes of chest pain is heart-related?

A) Pleurisy
B) Heartburn
C) Angina
D) Inflammation of the pancreas
E) Costochondritis

Question 61

The atria are separated from each other by a walled membrane known as the ________.

Question 62

The ________ (letter H) separates the ventricles.

Question 63

When the right ventricle contracts, deoxygenated blood is pushed through the pulmonary semilunar valve into a larger artery called the ________ (letter I).

Question 64

The pulmonary veins empty the oxygenated blood into the _______ (letter N).

Question 65

A consistent resting blood pressure measured at 140/90 mm Hg or higher is diagnosed as ________.

Question 66

A bulge or weak area in the wall of the aorta is called an aortic ________.

Question 67

The ventricles of the heart are separated by the ________ septum.

Question 68

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart is called ________.

Question 69

The cusps of valves are anchored by cordlike structures called ________ _________ to bumps of cardiac muscle called papillary muscles.

Question 70

The pulmonary trunk branches into the left and right ________ (letter J), which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Question 71

When the ________ (letter G) contracts, blood is pushed through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery trunk.

Question 72

If an embolus blocks a cerebral artery, the result may be a(n) ________, or stroke.

Question 73

The ________ circuit is the route that blood takes from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again.

Question 74

Veins of the body pick up oxygen-poor blood and empty it into the superior and inferior ________ (letter K).

Question 75

When the ventricles relax, blood pressure in arteries is at its lowest. This pressure is called the ________ pressure.

Question 76

A hardening of the fatty plaque deposits within the arteries is ________.

Question 77

The ________ valve (letter L) has three cusps, is situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle, and prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts.

Question 78

The blood pressure is regulated partly by ________, which measure blood pressure and are located in the aorta and carotid arteries.

Question 79

The ________ valve (letter M) is situated between the left ventricle and the aorta and prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

Question 80

Fluid retention can cause swelling, or ________, in the legs or feet.