Deck 28: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Question 1

Mucous membranes and skin are examples of which type of nonspecific body defense?

A) Chemical barriers
B) Mechanical barriers
C) Fever
D) Inflammation
E) Phagocytosis

Answer 1

Mechanical barriers

Question 2

Which of the following is unique to an individual, is present on every cell in that person's body, and activates T cells?

A) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
B) Cytokines
C) B cells
D) Natural killer (NK) cells
E) Complements

Answer 2

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

Question 3

Which of these occurs in response to an injury?

A) Chemical barrier
B) Mechanical barrier
C) Fever
D) Species resistance
E) Inflammation

Answer 3

Inflammation

Question 4

In which nonspecific body defense do blood vessels dilate, bringing more blood to the area, which in turn brings phagocytic white blood cells to the area to attack the pathogen, proteins to replace injured tissues, and clotting factors to stop any bleeding?

A) Mechanical barriers
B) Fever
C) Inflammation
D) Phagocytosis
E) Chemical barriers

Question 5

Which of these are the major WBCs involved in specific defenses?

A) macrophages and lymphocytes
B) T cells
C) Cytokines
D) B cells
E) Haptens

Question 6

Which of the following increase B cell production and stimulate red bone marrow to produce more WBCs?

A) Macrophages and lymphocytes
B) T cells
C) Monokines
D) Natural killer (NK) cells
E) Memory cells

Question 7

In which way does an individual develop a naturally acquired active immunity?

A) When antibodies from the mother cross the placenta to the fetus
B) When antibodies from the fetus cross the placenta to the mother
C) From immunization with antibodies to a disease-causing organism
D) From exposure to organisms that cause a disease
E) From administration of a vaccine with killed or weakened organisms

Question 8

Which of the following secrete lymphokines?

A) Macrophages and lymphocytes
B) T cells
C) Cytokines
D) Natural killer (NK) cells
E) Monokines

Question 9

Which nonspecific defense activates cells in the body to attack pathogens?

A) A chemical barrier
B) Fever
C) Inflammation
D) Phagocytosis
E) A mechanical barrier

Question 10

Most lymphocytes in the blood are ____.

A) T cells
B) antibodies
C) cytokines
D) B cells
E) natural killer (NK) cells

Question 11

The physician has explained to Cherise, a 26-year-old patient, that she has an abscess in her spleen and the spleen will need to be removed. You are responsible for educating Cherise about the procedure. When you ask if she has any questions, she asks you if the spleen removal will cause a health problem. Your best response would be

A) "There is no effect. It is done all the time."
B) "You may have frequent headaches."
C) "The liver will take over most of the spleen's functions."
D) "What makes you ask that?"
E) "You will no longer be able to eat certain foods."

Question 12

Which of the following bind to antigens on cells and attack them directly?

A) T cells
B) Cytokines
C) B cells
D) Natural killer (NK) cells
E) Haptens

Question 13

Which of these nonspecific body defenses utilizes enzymes in body fluids to destroy pathogens?

A) Chemical barriers
B) Mechanical barriers
C) Inflammation
D) Phagocytosis
E) Species resistance

Question 14

Which of the following cells mainly target cancer cells?

A) Macrophages and lymphocytes
B) T cells
C) B cells
D) Monokines
E) Natural killer (NK) cells

Question 15

Interferon in the blood acts as which type of nonspecific body defense?

A) Chemical barrier
B) Mechanical barrier
C) Fever
D) Inflammation
E) Phagocytosis

Question 16

The nonspecific body defense in which neutrophils and monocytes can leave the bloodstream to attack pathogens in other tissues is ____.

A) a chemical barrier
B) a mechanical barrier
C) inflammation
D) phagocytosis
E) species resistance

Question 17

Which of the following activated T cells is active against viruses and protects the body against cancer?

A) Cytotoxic
B) Helper
C) Memory
D) NK
E) Macrophage

Question 18

Which of the following produce memory cells that trigger a strong response to future exposures to the same antigen?

A) Macrophages and lymphocytes
B) T cells
C) B cells
D) Natural killer (NK) cells
E) Complements

Question 19

Which of the following secrete chemicals that produce holes in the membranes of harmful cells but do not have to recognize a specific antigen to start destroying pathogens?

A) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
B) Cytokines
C) B cells
D) Natural killer (NK) cells
E) T cells

Question 20

Which of these become plasma cells in response to an antigen and make antibodies against the specific antigen?

A) Macrophages and lymphocytes
B) T cells
C) B cells
D) Natural killer (NK) cells
E) Monocytes

Question 21

Which of these antibodies is found in secretions of the body and prevents pathogens from entering the body?

A) IgG
B) IgA
C) IgM
D) IgE
E) IgD

Question 22

Which type of immunity results from having an infectious disease?

A) Naturally acquired active
B) Artificially acquired passive
C) Naturally acquired passive
D) Artificially acquired active
E) Species resistance

Question 23

Which type of immunity results simply from being human, as opposed to being a cow or plant?

A) Naturally acquired active
B) Artificially acquired passive
C) Naturally acquired passive
D) Artificially acquired active
E) Species resistance

Question 24

Which of these is used to rescue a person experiencing anaphylaxis?

A) Anti-inflammatory
B) Allergen
C) Analgesic
D) Epinephrine
E) Anti-emetic

Question 25

Allergies can be treated effectively by which of the following over-the-counter medications?

A) Anti-emetics
B) Anti-inflammatories
C) Pain relievers
D) Antihistamines
E) Analgesics

Question 26

Which activated T cells increase phagocytosis and antibody formation?

A) Cytotoxic
B) Helper
C) Memory
D) NK
E) Macrophage

Question 27

Which of the following describes a primary immune response?

A) It is a very rapid response.
B) It is carried out by memory cells.
C) It takes several weeks.
D) It requires re-exposure to an antigen.
E) It prevents a person from developing a disease from the antigen.

Question 28

Which immunoglobulin is thought to control the activity of B cells?

A) IgG
B) IgA
C) IgM
D) IgE
E) IgD

Question 29

Which of the following causes a rapid drop in blood pressure and is a life-threatening event?

A) Allergy
B) Mononucleosis
C) Anaphylaxis
D) Mononucleosis.
E) AIDS

Question 30

Which of the following is an excessive immune response that involves IgE antibodies?

A) Allergy
B) Mononucleosis
C) Anaphylaxis
D) Lymphedema
E) Chronic fatigue syndrome

Question 31

Which type of immunoglobulin recognizes bacteria, viruses, and toxins?

A) IgG
B) IgA
C) IgM
D) IgE
E) IgD

Question 32

Which type of immunity results from exposure to an antigen?

A) Naturally acquired active
B) Artificially acquired active
C) Naturally acquired passive
D) Artificially acquired passive
E) Species resistance

Question 33

Which immunoglobulin binds to antigens on food?

A) IgG
B) IgA
C) IgM
D) IgE
E) IgD

Question 34

Which of the following does not describe a secondary immune response?

A) It is a very rapid response.
B) It causes memory cells to develop.
C) It is carried out by memory cells.
D) It requires re-exposure to an antigen.
E) It prevents a person from developing a disease from the antigen.

Question 35

Which type of immunity requires injection with an antibody?

A) Naturally acquired active
B) Artificially acquired passive
C) Naturally acquired passive
D) Artificially acquired active
E) Species resistance

Question 36

Which type of immunity results from a vaccine?

A) Naturally acquired active
B) Artificially acquired active
C) Naturally acquired passive
D) Artificially acquired passive
E) Species resistance

Question 37

The immunoglobulin that triggers allergic reactions is ____.

A) IgG
B) IgA
C) IgM
D) IgE
E) IgD

Question 38

Which of the following types of immunity crosses the placenta and passes through the breast milk?

A) Naturally acquired active
B) Artificially acquired active
C) Naturally acquired passive
D) Artificially acquired passive
E) Species resistance

Question 39

Which type of activated T cells prevents a person from having the same disease twice?

A) Cytotoxic
B) Helper
C) Memory
D) NK
E) Macrophage

Question 40

Which of the following identifies how far cancer cells have spread?

A) Chemotherapy
B) Radiation
C) Biopsy
D) Staging
E) Immune therapy

Question 41

Major proteins in serum that attack pathogens and can also attract macrophages to pathogens and stimulate inflammation are called ________.

Question 42

Some foreign substances in the body are too small to start an immune response by themselves, so they join to proteins in the blood, where they are able to trigger an immune response. These substances are called ________.

Question 43

If lymph cannot be pushed through the vessels, ____.

A) blood pressure rises immediately
B) the kidneys excrete it
C) edema develops
D) the arteries and veins take over that function
E) the lymph is reabsorbed into the blood

Question 44

When normal cells create growths, the growths are called ________, meaning they are not cancerous.

Question 45

The most active phagocytes in the blood are neutrophils and ________.

Question 46

In a(n) ________ disease, the body begins to attack its own antigens.

Question 47

Elisa has just been informed that she has stage II breast cancer. The physician has explained what this means, but Elisa is upset and confused. She asks you if her cancer is serious. Which of the following is your best response?

A) "No, breast cancer is not serious until it reaches stage IV."
B) "Breast cancer is 100% treatable."
C) "All cancers are potentially serious, but your cancer has not spread beyond the breast."
D) "No, in stage 2, the cancer cells are localized in a few cell layers and are easily treatable."
E) "It is serious because in stage II, the cancer cells have spread to other organs."

Question 48

Sherry is a 17-year-old patient who arrives at the office complaining of fever, headache, frequent cough, and being tired all the time. She is concerned because her boyfriend has similar symptoms and was recently diagnosed with mononucleosis. Which of the following precautions should you take while you are working with Sherry?

A) None, because mononucleosis is only spread by kissing
B) Wear a mask while you are in the exam room
C) Use full PPE, including a gown, gloves, and mask
D) Put on gloves before checking her blood pressure
E) Ask Sherry not to cough while you are in the room

Question 49

A(n) ____ is any factor that causes the formation of cancer.

A) carcinogen
B) allergen
C) irritant
D) antigen
E) antibody

Question 50

A factor that is known to cause cancer is called a(n) ________.

Question 51

Which of the following does not describe the spleen?

A) It removes aged RBCs from circulation.
B) It is the largest lymphatic organ.
C) It is filled with blood and macrophages.
D) It filters blood.
E) It decreases in size as a person ages.

Question 52

Which of the following describes the spleen?

A) It is located in the thorax, above the heart.
B) It removes aged RBCs from circulation.
C) It decreases in size as a person ages.
D) It produces T-lymphocytes.
E) It produces thymosin.

Question 53

Lymph flows through the vessels by ____.

A) gravity
B) the force of the heart's pumping
C) the contraction of the muscles in vessel walls
D) the squeezing action of the skeletal muscles
E) filtration

Question 54

Large phagocytic cells that produce monokines and digest pathogens in the lymph are called ________.

Question 55

Which of the following does not describe the thymus?

A) It is located in the thorax, above the heart.
B) It removes aged RBCs from circulation.
C) It decreases in size as a person ages.
D) It produces T-lymphocytes.
E) It produces a hormone called thymosin.

Question 56

Which of the following are signs or symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome?

A) Numbness of fingers and toes and weight loss
B) Hair loss and renal failure
C) "Butterfly" rash and fever
D) Tender lymph nodes and joint pain
E) Runny nose and coughing

Question 57

White blood cells called ________ engulf and destroy pathogens and unwanted debris in the body.
Delete this space

Question 58

Which of the following describes the thymus?

A) It decreases in size as a person ages.
B) It removes aged RBCs from circulation.
C) It is the largest lymphatic organ.
D) It is filled with blood and macrophages.
E) If it is removed, the liver takes over its functions.

Question 59

Which of the following are not signs or symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus?

A) Numbness of fingers and toes
B) Tender lymph nodes in the neck
C) "Butterfly" rash
D) Renal failure
E) Headaches

Question 60

Ted came to the office a week ago because he has been feeling weak and has had significant weight loss recently. He is back in the office today for a follow-up after further testing. Blood tests show that his T-cell count is 178. His temperature is 102.4, and his blood pressure is 100/62. Based on his signs and symptoms, you might expect the physician to perform further tests to rule out

A) systemic lupus erythematosus.
B) chronic fatigue syndrome.
C) lymphedema.
D) AIDS.
E) mononucleosis.

Question 61

In the nonspecific body defense mechanism called ________, monocytes leave the bloodstream and become macrophages to attack pathogens in other tissues.

Question 62

A life-threatening condition caused by an allergy in which vessels dilate so quickly that blood pressure drops too quickly for organs to adjust is called ________.

Question 63

Fluids in the body are called ________.

Question 64

A highly contagious viral infection spread through the saliva of the infected person and frequently affects teenagers is ________.

Question 65

In blood, ________ acts as a chemical barrier and blocks viruses from infecting cells.

Question 66

A substance that triggers an allergic response is called a(n) ________.

Question 67

When an area of the body becomes injured or infected with a pathogen, ________ can result, causing blood vessels in the injured area to dilate and become leaky.

Question 68

A(n) ________ is the presence of a pathogen in or on the body.

Question 69

The cells of the lymphatic system produce proteins known as ________, which assist in immune response regulation. Two types of these proteins are monokines and lymphokines.

Question 70

The fluid that exists between cells, called _______ fluid, is destined to become lymph.

Question 71

In tears, ________ act as a chemical barrier and destroy pathogens on the surface of the eye.

Question 72

T cells respond to antigens by secreting cytokines called ________, which increase T cell production and directly kill cells that have antigens.

Question 73

The body's mechanisms to protect itself against pathogens in general are called nonspecific defenses or ________ immunity

Question 74

A(n) ________ is a disease-causing agent such as a bacterium, virus, toxin, fungus, or protozoan.

Question 75

Lymphocytes called ________ cells primarily target cancer cells, killing these harmful cells on contact by secreting chemicals that produce holes in the membranes, causing them to burst.

Question 76

Cytokines known as ________ assist in regulation of the immune response by increasing B cell production and stimulating red bone marrow to produce more white blood cells.

Question 77

A foreign substance in the body is called a(n) ________.

Question 78

The blockage of lymphatic vessels that drain excess fluids from the body causes ________.