Deck 23: The Integumentary System

Question 1

Julio called this morning and asked to be seen today if possible. You fit him into the schedule and he arrives at your office with a red face that looks painful. He states that the gas stove flashed in his face when he was lighting it. You note that facial hair has been burned, but there are no blisters. Your best first response is to ____.

A) call 911 because burns to the head are always serious
B) apply ointment to the burns on his face
C) check his vital signs and put ice on the burned area
D) get him to drink some cool water to prevent shock
E) cover the burn to keep out bacteria

Answer 1

call 911 because burns to the head are always serious

Question 2

When the skin is injured, inflammation follows. One effect of this response is that it ____.

A) prevents hemorrhage
B) decreases swelling
C) decreases blood supply to the area
D) decreases nutrients to the area
E) carries defensive cells to the area

Answer 2

carries defensive cells to the area

Question 3

The most aggressive skin cancer is ____.

A) basal cell carcinoma
B) squamous cell carcinoma
C) melanoma
D) eczema
E) scabies

Answer 3

melanoma

Question 4

A ____ often begins with a mole.

A) verruca
B) basal cell carcinoma
C) squamous cell carcinoma
D) melanoma
E) wart

Question 5

Keratinocytes are located in the ____.

A) arrector pili
B) epidermis
C) dermis
D) subcutaneous layer
E) hypodermis

Question 6

A person with a rich supply of oxygenated blood will have skin that is a(n) ____ hue.

A) pink
B) cyanotic
C) yellow
D) bluish
E) amber

Question 7

The ABCDE rule applies to which of the following?

A) Melanoma
B) Basal cell carcinoma
C) Squamous cell carcinoma
D) Alopecia
E) Herpes zoster

Question 8

You are working at a walk-in urgent care center. Kenneth is an auto mechanic and was brought in by a co-worker after his arm accidentally came in contact with the hot motor of a car he was working on. His long-sleeved shirt appears to be sticking to a burned area that extends from the upper arm to the mid-forearm. Your best response is to ____.

A) remove the shirt from the burned area
B) cool the burn with large amounts of water
C) contact emergency personnel
D) check the airways for swelling
E) apply a soothing lotion to the burned area

Question 9

The most common skin cancer is ____.

A) basal cell carcinoma
B) squamous cell carcinoma
C) melanoma
D) eczema
E) scabies

Question 10

The extent of a burn injury is estimated by ____.

A) calculating body mass
B) calculating weight, height, and age
C) using the rule of nines
D) identifying the substance that caused the burn
E) classifying the thickness of the burn injury

Question 11

Melanin, which helps protect underlying layers of skin from UV radiation, is deposited throughout the ____.

A) dermis
B) epidermis
C) subcutaneous layer
D) hypodermis
E) arrector pili

Question 12

Sweat glands are found in the ____.

A) arrector pili
B) epidermis
C) dermis
D) subcutaneous
E) hypodermis

Question 13

Which of the following is mostly adipose tissue?

A) Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Hypodermis
D) Stratum basale
E) Stratum germinativum

Question 14

Which of these structures or substances in the skin helps prevent UV radiation from damaging deep structures of the skin?

A) Sebaceous glands
B) Melanin
C) Keratinocytes
D) Keratin
E) Collagen fibers

Question 15

Keratin is a durable protein that makes the ____ waterproof and resistant to bacteria and viruses.

A) Arrector pili
B) Epidermis
C) Dermis
D) Subcutaneous
E) Hypodermis

Question 16

Shock is likely to occur after a partial-thickness burn injury that affects ____ or more of the body surface.

A) 1%
B) 3%
C) 5%
D) 7%
E) 9%

Question 17

The skin plays a role in regulating body temperature by ____.

A) dilating or constricting blood vessels in the skin
B) stimulating the hypothalamus
C) eliminating wastes
D) retaining fluids
E) producing vitamin D

Question 18

Which skin layer contains all of the major tissue types, including epithelial tissue, connective tissues, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue?

A) Arrector pili
B) Epidermis
C) Dermis
D) Subcutaneous
E) Hypodermis

Question 19

When the supply of oxygen in the blood is low, the skin looks rather pale or ____.

A) pink
B) rosy
C) yellow
D) bluish
E) amber

Question 20

Which skin cancer rarely spreads to other tissues?

A) basal cell carcinoma.
B) squamous cell carcinoma.
C) melanoma.
D) eczema.
E) scabies.

Question 21

A ____ burn involves the epidermis and dermis but not muscles or bone.

A) first-degree
B) second-degree
C) third-degree
D) full-thickness
E) superficial

Question 22

A burn that causes only pain, swelling, and redness is a ____.

A) first-degree burn
B) second-degree burn
C) third-degree burn
D) partial-thickness burn
E) full-thickness burn

Question 23

Which of the following is not associated with eccrine sweat glands?

A) Most numerous
B) Produce watery sweat
C) Cause loss of body heat
D) Most numerous in armpits and groin
E) Activated primarily by heat

Question 24

Which of the following diseases or disorders has five stages?

A) Eczema
B) Pediculosis
C) Herpes zoster
D) Melanoma
E) Folliculitis

Question 25

Itchy, silvery, scaly lesions are characteristic of ____.

A) folliculitis
B) psoriasis
C) scabies
D) pediculosis
E) eczema

Question 26

Which of these skin problems requires treating the whole family?

A) Folliculitis
B) Psoriasis
C) Scabies
D) Dermatitis
E) Eczema

Question 27

The causes of eczema are ____.

A) inherited
B) viral
C) hormonal
D) bacterial
E) mostly unknown

Question 28

Apocrine sweat glands are not associated with which of the following?

A) Produce sweat with a high amount of protein
B) Activated primarily by heat
C) Produce thicker sweat than eccrine glands
D) Most numerous in arm pits and groin
E) Become active during puberty

Question 29

Pediculosis is caused by ____ and comes in three forms.

A) a virus.
B) bacteria.
C) a fungus.
D) a worm.
E) lice.

Question 30

Which of these skin problems can be caused by excessive rubbing of the skin?

A) Folliculitis
B) Psoriasis
C) Scabies
D) Dermatitis
E) Pediculosis

Question 31

Which of these skin problems is an inherited autoimmune disorder?

A) Folliculitis
B) Psoriasis
C) Scabies
D) Dermatitis
E) Pediculosis

Question 32

Cellulitis is an inflammation of connective tissues in skin caused by ____.

A) a virus
B) bacteria
C) a fungus
D) a worm
E) lice

Question 33

Which characteristic is associated with apocrine sweat glands?

A) Most numerous
B) Produces watery sweat
C) Produces sweat with a high amount of protein
D) Causes loss of body heat
E) Concentrated on the forehead, neck, and back

Question 34

Which of the following is associated with eccrine sweat glands?

A) Produce watery sweat
B) Produce sweat with a high amount of protein
C) Activated by nervousness or stress
D) Most numerous in armpits and groin
E) Become active during puberty

Question 35

With a ____ burn, the muscles and bones may be burned and the tissue looks charred.

A) superficial
B) second-degree
C) full-thickness
D) partial-thickness
E) first-degree

Question 36

Rosacea results from dilation of small facial blood vessels; the cause of this dilation is ____.

A) a virus
B) bacteria
C) a fungus
D) a worm
E) unknown

Question 37

Which of the following begins in the flat cells of the epidermis?

A) Basal cell carcinoma
B) Alopecia
C) Melanoma
D) Squamous cell carcinoma
E) Pediculosis

Question 38

Herpes simplex is caused by ____.

A) a virus
B) bacteria
C) lice
D) hormones
E) unknown causes

Question 39

Which of the following are mites that burrow beneath the skin?

A) Folliculitis
B) Psoriasis
C) Eczema
D) Scabies
E) Dermatitis

Question 40

People who have ____ may require chemotherapy.

A) basal cell carcinoma
B) alopecia
C) melanoma
D) squamous cell carcinoma
E) pediculosis

Question 41

Which letter indicates the dermis?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 42

Unless they are extensive, burns like the one shown in the figure by letter ________ do not require medical attention and usually heal well.

Question 43

When the supply of oxygen in the blood is low, the skin looks bluish, which is called ________.

Question 44

________ is a general term defined as inflammation of the skin or a rash that can have many causes. It is a sign of many types of skin disorder.

Question 45

In shingles, a painful blistering rash occurs along the ________, the skin area along the pathway of the affected nerve root.

Question 46

The ________ is the most superficial layer of skin and is made up of many layers of tightly packed cells.

Question 47

A third-degree burn is shown at letter ________ in the figure.

Question 48

The ________ muscles are attached to hair follicles and cause goose bumps.

Question 49

The ________ layer of the skin is deep to the epidermis and contains all the major tissue types.

Question 50

One type of chronic dermatitis that has acute phases is _______. Its causes are mostly unknown, but it is thought to be a type of allergy or the result of an underlying inflammatory condition.

Question 51

Most of the time, ________ is inherited and results in hair loss. Other common causes include hormonal changes, chemotherapy, stress, burns, and fungal infections of the skin.

Question 52

A first-degree burn is shown at letter ________ in the figure.

Question 53

In a third-degree burn (letter ________), the skin often looks black or charred, which is known as eschar.

Question 54

Joanne is in the office today because of a rash that is occurring down one side of her back and thigh. She is obviously in great pain. You observe that the rash is beginning to blister in places. Which of the following questions might help you gather more information to help the physician make a diagnosis?

A) "How many people live in your home?"
B) "Have you noticed any similar symptoms in other family members?"
C) "Did you have chickenpox when you were a child?"
D) "Have you had any sexual contact in the last 6 months?"
E) "How long has it been since you had a tetanus shot?"

Question 55

An inflammation of connective tissues in skin that primarily occurs on the face and legs and is caused by staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria is _______.

Question 56

Barry has come to the medical office today because he has a small sore on the back of his left forearm that appeared three months ago and has not gone away. The sore is smooth and red, and has a slight waxy sheen. You would expect the physician to test for which of the following disorders?

A) Dermatitis
B) Eczema
C) Psoriasis
D) Basal cell carcinoma
E) Herpes simplex

Question 57

Shock is likely to develop in partial-thickness burn injuries (letter ________) if the burn affects 9% or more of the body surface.

Question 58

A hair ________ is a tube-like depression in the dermis of skin made of epithelial tissue.

Question 59

The ________ glands produce a thicker type of sweat that contains more proteins and are mostly concentrated in areas of skin with coarse hair.

Question 60

A partial-thickness burn involves the epidermis and dermis. This is shown at letter ________ in the figure.

Question 61

Another name for the subcutaneous layer of skin is ________.

Question 62

All people have about the same number of ________, regardless of skin color. What varies from person to person is how active the cells are in producing melanin.

Question 63

One factor that determines skin color is the amount of oxygenated blood in the dermis of skin. The pigment in red blood cells that carry oxygen is called ________.

Question 64

A person with a rich supply of ________ blood will have skin that is a pinkish hue.

Question 65

The skin condition called ________ is caused by parasitic lice and is associated with overcrowded conditions and often with poor hygiene.

Question 66

The white half-moon-shaped area at the base of a nail is called a(n) ________ and contains very active keratinocytes.

Question 67

Herpes ________ types 1 and 2 are both caused by a virus. Type 1 causes cold sores, is very contagious, and is spread through saliva. Type 2, known as genital herpes, is sexually transmitted.

Question 68

The stratum ________ is the deepest layer of the epidermis. The cells in this layer are constantly dividing and push older cells up toward the stratum corneum.

Question 69

The skin disorder that commonly appears as facial redness, predominantly over the cheeks and nose, is ________ and results from dilation of small facial blood vessels.

Question 70

The most common cell type in the epidermis is the ________.

Question 71

In ________, the skin develops oozing lesions that eventually crust over with a distinctive honey-colored crust. It is highly contagious for those who come in contact with the lesions or the exudates from them.

Question 72

The durable protein that makes the epidermis waterproof and resistant to bacteria and viruses is ________.

Question 73

Most likely an inherited autoimmune disorder, ________ causes recurring episodes of itching and redness with outbreaks of distinctive silvery, scaly skin lesions.

Question 74

An oily substance called ________ is secreted onto hairs to keep them soft and pliable and is eventually deposited onto skin to keep it soft as well.

Question 75

After a person has chickenpox, the virus becomes dormant in the spine's dorsal nerve root, but it can become active again later in life to cause shingles, also known as herpes ________.

Question 76

Because ________, which is caused by the itch mite, is highly contagious, it is wise to treat an entire family if one member is infected.

Question 77

"Swimmer's rash," or ________, is an inflammation of hair follicles resulting from shaving or excess rubbing of skin areas or from bacteria and fungi that develop from prolonged wearing of wet swimwear or undertreated hot tubs.

Question 78

The nail ________ holds the nail down to underlying skin and provides nutrients to the nail from the blood supply under it.

Question 79

The pigment called ________ traps ultraviolet radiation from sunlight and prevents the radiation from harming structures in the underlying layers of skin.

Question 80

The ________ glands produce an oily substance called sebum that is secreted onto hairs to keep them soft and pliable and also to prevent bacteria from growing on the skin.