Deck 25: The Muscular System

Question 1

Which of these uses glucose to help make ATP?

A) Creatine phosphate
B) Aerobic respiration
C) Lactic acid
D) Pyruvic acid
E) Acetylcholine

Answer 1

Aerobic respiration

Question 2

Individual muscle cells are surrounded by ____.

A) tendon
B) aponeurosis
C) perimysium
D) fascia
E) endomysium

Answer 2

endomysium

Question 3

A buildup of lactic acid ____.

A) results from excess oxygen
B) causes muscle fatigue
C) can be corrected by increasing muscle activity
D) is caused by muscle cramps
E) is a normal result of aerobic respiration

Answer 3

causes muscle fatigue

Question 4

In order to get tetanus, a person must have a(n) ____.

A) impaired immune system
B) open wound, usually from a puncture by a contaminated object
C) family history of tetanus
D) high-stress lifestyle
E) high level of sports-related activity

Question 5

Which characteristic applies to smooth muscle?

A) It contracts rapidly.
B) It is under voluntary control.
C) It produces peristalsis.
D) It is self-exciting.
E) It contains intercalated discs.

Question 6

Which of the following is a protein that stores phosphate groups for use by ATP?

A) Glucose
B) Lactic acid
C) Creatine phosphate
D) Pyruvic acid
E) Acetylcholine

Question 7

Cardiac muscle ____.

A) is under voluntary control
B) contracts and relaxes slowly
C) is self-exciting
D) is attached to bones
E) produces peristalsis

Question 8

You are coaching a middle-school soccer team. Two of your best players just showed up 15 minutes late for a match. They want to go out on the field immediately, but you insist that they warm up and do stretches before joining the game. One of the students complains that the team is losing and he can help turn the game around. Which of the following is the best explanation you can give the student?

A) "Warming up first will help keep you focused."
B) "If you perform the proper stretches, you will have a better chance of winning."
C) "Warming up and stretching will help keep you warm during the game."
D) "Warming up and stretching will help prevent injuries during the match."
E) "Stretching before the game can help prevent dizziness and fainting."

Question 9

The ____ divides muscles into sections called fascicles.

A) tendon
B) aponeurosis
C) perimysium
D) fascia
E) endomysium

Question 10

Which of the following does not apply to skeletal muscle?

A) It is under voluntary control.
B) It has intercalated discs.
C) It is attached to bones.
D) It contracts rapidly.
E) It responds to acetylcholine.

Question 11

When working with parents of young children who are at risk of botulism, it is most important for you to instruct them to do which of the following to reduce the risk?

A) Wash all foods well
B) Do not use well water for infants or children
C) Do not use raw fish or food from damaged or bulging cans of vegetables
D) Be sure to wash infants' and children's hands before they eat
E) Avoid giving children fresh vegetables

Question 12

An early sign of tetanus is ____.

A) drooling
B) fever
C) diarrhea
D) sweating
E) muscle spasm in the jaw and neck

Question 13

Elysia is a young woman who just been diagnosed with fibromyalgia. The physician has asked you to provide her with tips to help manage the disorder. You should suggest that she ____.

A) avoid any alcohol use
B) reduce activities when her pain is the greatest
C) seek counseling to help develop better coping skills
D) increase her intake of caffeine to give her more energy
E) avoid taking anti-inflammatory medications

Question 14

Which of the following produces body movement?

A) Skeletal and cardiac muscle
B) Multi-unit smooth muscle
C) Smooth and skeletal muscle
D) Skeletal muscle
E) Visceral smooth muscle

Question 15

Which of the following are characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A) It is under voluntary control and has intercalated discs.
B) It is self-exciting and controls blood vessels.
C) It is slow to contract and relax and is under voluntary control.
D) It has intercalated discs and is self-exciting.
E) It produces peristalsis and has intercalated discs.

Question 16

A man staggers into your clinic. He is known to be a heavy cocaine and alcohol user. Part of the clinical data you gather includes a urine sample, which is very dark in color. He complains of weakness and has a "small" seizure when you are with him. You suspect that he may have ____.

A) tetanus
B) botulism
C) trichinosis
D) rhabdomyolysis
E) fibromyalgia

Question 17

Which type of muscle moves contents through hollow organs such as the intestines?

A) Cardiac muscle
B) Visceral smooth muscle
C) Smooth and skeletal muscle
D) Skeletal muscle
E) Multi-unit smooth muscle

Question 18

Which of the following does not apply to visceral smooth muscle?

A) It is found in blood vessels.
B) The muscles stimulate each other to contract.
C) It is located in the bladder and uterus.
D) It produces peristalsis.
E) It moves ova through the Fallopian tubes.

Question 19

A mother calls your office about her 8-month-old who is not very active, and has not had a wet diaper for 2 days. This mom is known to make homemade baby food. What would you advise her to do?

A) Bring the baby in tomorrow, when there is an open time slot on the schedule
B) Encourage the baby to drink water
C) Take the baby to the local emergency department
D) Administer one dose of pediatric Tylenol and call back in three hours
E) Give the baby toddler foods to stimulate urination

Question 20

Small amounts of ATP are produced when pyruvic acid is converted to ____.

A) creatine phosphate
B) glucose
C) acetylcholinesterase
D) myoglobin
E) lactic acid

Question 21

Which of the following attaches muscles to each other?

A) Tendon
B) Aponeurosis
C) Perimysium
D) Fascia
E) Endomysium

Question 22

The attachment site for the more movable bone when a muscle contracts is the ____.

A) insertion
B) origin
C) synergist
D) antagonist

Question 23

The ____ muscle moves the abdominal wall.

A) biceps brachii
B) external oblique
C) gluteus medius
D) gastrocnemius
E) soleus

Question 24

Which of the following is a muscle that produces movement opposite to the prime mover?

A) Insertion
B) Origin
C) Synergist
D) Antagonist
E) Agonist

Question 25

Which of these muscles flexes the foot and is commonly called the calf muscle?

A) Biceps brachii
B) External oblique
C) Gluteus medius
D) Gastrocnemius
E) Sartorius

Question 26

The attachment site for the less movable bone when a muscle contracts is the ____.

A) insertion
B) origin
C) prime mover
D) synergist
E) antagonist

Question 27

One common symptom of rhabdomyolysis is ____.

A) diarrhea
B) encephalitis
C) dark urine
D) muscle spasms
E) absence of reflexes

Question 28

Which symptoms are common in trichinosis?

A) Diarrhea and pneumonia
B) Dark urine and muscle fatigue
C) Tender body areas and dark urine
D) Absence of reflexes and high fever
E) Limited range of motion and diarrhea

Question 29

You should recommend lifestyle changes to avoid stress for patients who have ____.

A) muscular dystrophy
B) tetanus and myasthenia gravis
C) rhabdomyolysis and botulism
D) myasthenia gravis and fibromyalgia
E) botulism and fibromyalgia

Question 30

Which of the following connects muscles to bone?

A) Tendon
B) Aponeurosis
C) Perimysium
D) Fascia
E) Endomysium

Question 31

Which muscle closes the jaw?

A) Temporalis
B) Sternocleidomastoid
C) Trapezius
D) Biceps brachii
E) Latissimus dorsi

Question 32

The ____ muscle moves the head.

A) temporalis
B) sternocleidomastoid
C) trapezius
D) biceps brachii
E) trapezius.

Question 33

Referring to the figure, which of the following demonstrate flexion?

A) 4 and 1
B) 5 and 6
C) 4 and 9
D) 1 and 8
E) 2 and 7

Question 34

Which of the following muscles moves the thigh?

A) Biceps brachii
B) Gluteus medius
C) External oblique
D) Gastrocnemius
E) Soleus

Question 35

The number 5 on the figure demonstrates ____.

A) flexion
B) extension
C) abduction
D) adduction
E) dorsiflexion

Question 36

Which type of connective tissue separates muscles from each other?

A) Tendon
B) Aponeurosis
C) Perimysium
D) Fascia
E) Endomysium

Question 37

The shoulder is moved by the ____ muscle.

A) temporalis
B) sternocleidomastoid
C) gastrocnemius
D) biceps brachii
E) trapezius

Question 38

Which of the following muscles moves the forearm?

A) Biceps brachii
B) External oblique
C) Gluteus medius
D) Gastrocnemius
E) Trapezius

Question 39

Which muscle is most responsible for movement?

A) Insertion
B) Origin
C) Agonist
D) Synergist
E) Antagonist

Question 40

For which of the following is the use of braces an appropriate treatment?

A) Fibromyalgia
B) Muscular dystrophy
C) Tetanus
D) Botulism
E) Myasthenia gravis

Question 41

Once contraction has occurred, skeletal muscles release an enzyme called ________, which breaks down acetylcholine and allows the muscle to relax.

Question 42

The ________ is represented by number 8 on the figure.

Question 43

As aging occurs, muscle contractions ____.

A) do not change
B) become slower
C) become stronger
D) become weaker
E) become absent

Question 44

Supination and pronation are demonstrated by numbers _____.

A) 1 and 3
B) 3 and 4
C) 4 and 2
D) 2 and 3
E) 1 and 2

Question 45

Number 7 represents the ________ muscle.

Question 46

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are represented by the numbers ____.

A) 7 and 6
B) 5 and 4
C) 6 and 5
D) 2 and 3
E) 1 and 4

Question 47

Numbers 5 and 6 demonstrate ____.

A) protraction and depression
B) elevation and eversion
C) depression and retraction
D) elevation and depression
E) eversion and inversion

Question 48

Numbers 1 and 2 demonstrate ____.

A) supination and pronation
B) elevation and pronation
C) rotation and circumduction
D) circumduction and supination
E) rotation and dorsiflexion

Question 49

Monique is a 79-year-old patient who enjoys being active. Recently, however, her arthritis is getting worse, and she has been having more trouble moving around lately. She tells you that she wants to exercise and stay active, but she is not sure what kinds of exercise she can do now. Which of the following recommendations might you make?

A) "Take a pain pill after you exercise."
B) "Aerobic exercise is good for you even if you have arthritis."
C) "It is not necessary to exercise at your age."
D) "Try swimming or exercising your joints underwater."
E) "Any kind of exercise will make the arthritis worse."

Question 50

Skeletal muscle fibers respond only to the neurotransmitter ________, which causes them to contract.

Question 51

Number 1 in the figure is the ________ muscle.

Question 52

As changes occur in the musculoskeletal system due to aging, which of the following is not likely to occur?

A) Elderly patients will have increasing difficulty with dexterity.
B) Mobility may decrease.
C) Elderly patients will have increasing difficulty with gripping ability.
D) Assistive devices may be needed.
E) Endurance of muscle fibers decreases dramatically.

Question 53

Numbers 1 and 2 on the figure are examples of ____.

A) flexion and extension
B) flexion and abduction
C) pronation and extension
D) abduction and adduction
E) dorsiflexion and pronation

Question 54

Eversion and inversion are demonstrated by numbers ____.

A) 3 and 6
B) 1 and 2
C) 4 and 5
D) 2 and 4
E) 3 and 4

Question 55

Number 2 in the figure represents the ________ muscle.

Question 56

The ________ muscle is represented by number 4 in the figure.

Question 57

Number 3 in the figure is the ________ muscle.

Question 58

Number 6 in the figure represents the ________ muscle.

Question 59

The ________ muscle is located at number 5 in the figure.

Question 60

Numbers 3 and 4 on the figure demonstrate ____.

A) depression and inversion
B) eversion and protraction
C) protraction and retraction
D) elevation and inversion
E) inversion and protraction

Question 61

Most of the sarcoplasm is filled with long structures called ________, which produce the striations observed in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.

Question 62

The ________ covers entire skeletal muscles and separates them from each other.

Question 63

Groups of cardiac muscle are connected to each other through ________ discs that allow the fibers in each group to contract and relax together and allows the heart to work as a pump.

Question 64

The _______ is a tough, sheet-like structure made of fibrous connective tissue that typically attaches muscles to other muscles.

Question 65

Myocytes are called muscle ________ because of their long lengths.

Question 66

The biceps brachii attaches to two places on the scapula and to one site on the radius. When the biceps brachii contracts, the radius moves and the arm bends at the elbow. The ________ of the biceps brachii is where it attaches to the scapula.

Question 67

________ is a rare but very serious disorder caused by a bacterium that normally lives in soil and water and mainly affects the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 68

Found in the iris of the eye and the walls of blood vessels, ________ smooth muscle contracts in response to neurotransmitters and hormones.

Question 69

A thin covering that is just deep to the fascia of a muscle and surrounds the entire muscle is the ________.

Question 70

The production of ________ is a rapid way for muscle to produce energy.

Question 71

The oxygen needed for aerobic respiration is stored in the muscle pigment called ________, which also gives muscle its pinkish color.

Question 72

Muscle ________ is a condition in which a muscle has lost its ability to contract. This condition usually develops because of an accumulation of lactic acid.

Question 73

A fairly common condition that results in chronic pain primarily in joints, muscles, and tendons and most commonly affects women between the ages of 20 and 50 is ________.

Question 74

The _______ is the covering of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle cells.

Question 75

Muscle cells, or ________, are called muscle fibers because of their long lengths.

Question 76

The biceps brachii attaches to two places on the scapula and to one site on the radius. When the biceps brachii contracts, the radius moves and the arm bends at the elbow. The ________ site of the biceps brachii is its attachment site on the radius.

Question 77

The perimysium is connective tissue that divides a muscle into sections called ________.

Question 78

When pyruvic acid is converted to ________ acid for energy production, this waste product builds up and causes muscle fatigue.

Question 79

Pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl coenzyme A, which begins a series of reactions known as the ________ cycle or the citric acid cycle.

Question 80

The process of ________ respiration uses the body's store of glucose to make ATP.