Deck 34: The Endocrine System

Question 1

The ____ gland releases PTH.

A) anterior pituitary
B) parathyroid
C) posterior pituitary
D) adrenal
E) thyroid

Answer 1

parathyroid

Question 2

Which of these assessments would help to identify an endocrine problem in a child?

A) Tracking the child's development on a standard growth chart
B) Vision testing as early as possible
C) Evaluating the child's balance and gait as soon as he or she begins to walk
D) Evaluating the child's joint mobility
E) Evaluating the child's speech patterns

Answer 2

Tracking the child's development on a standard growth chart

Question 3

Which hormone increases blood sugar?

A) Aldosterone
B) Thyroid hormones
C) Cortisol
D) Glucagon
E) Insulin

Answer 3

Glucagon

Question 4

Which of these are local hormones are produced by many body organs?

A) Steroidal
B) Nonsteroidal
C) Prostaglandins
D) Gonadal
E) Adrenal

Question 5

Which type of hormone can cross a cell membrane easily?

A) Steroidal
B) Nonsteroidal
C) Prostaglandins
D) Gonadal
E) Adrenal

Question 6

Which of the following hormone categories requires G-protein to activate enzymes inside a cell?

A) Steroidal
B) Nonsteroidal
C) Prostaglandins
D) Gonadal
E) Adrenal

Question 7

____ stimulates the body to retain sodium and water and is important for maintaining blood pressure.

A) Aldosterone
B) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C) Cortisol
D) Calcitonin
E) Epinephrine

Question 8

Which gland or organ has cells that release glucagon?

A) Thyroid
B) Parathyroid
C) Adrenal
D) Pancreas
E) Hypothalamus

Question 9

Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are released by the ____.

A) anterior pituitary gland
B) parathyroid gland
C) posterior pituitary gland
D) adrenal gland
E) pineal body

Question 10

The ____ hormones are made of amino acids and do not cross cell membranes easily.

A) steroidal
B) nonsteroidal
C) prostaglandins
D) gonadal
E) adrenal

Question 11

Physical reactions to a stressor include ____.

A) decreased blood sugar
B) decreased blood pressure
C) increased heart rate
D) increased urinary output
E) decreased breathing rate

Question 12

Prolonged stress reduces our immunity by ____.

A) using up all our reserves
B) increasing the release of cortisol
C) causing sodium and water detention
D) causing weight loss
E) increasing protein synthesis

Question 13

Which gland or organ secretes growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone?

A) Anterior pituitary
B) Parathyroid
C) Posterior pituitary
D) Adrenal
E) Thymus

Question 14

Which gland or organ secretes epinephrine and aldosterone?

A) Thyroid
B) Parathyroid
C) Adrenal
D) Pancreas
E) Thymus

Question 15

Chessie will have surgery next week to have her pituitary gland removed. She asks you what effects this might have on her overall health. You may tell her that she may now experience ____.

A) hyperthyroidism
B) hyperadrenalism
C) hypothyroidism
D) disturbed circadian rhythms
E) diabetes

Question 16

Which of these hormones decreases blood sugar?

A) Aldosterone
B) Insulin
C) Cortisol
D) Glucagon
E) Estrogen

Question 17

In males, ____ stimulates the contraction of the prostate and vas deferens during sexual arousal.

A) aldosterone
B) FSH
C) calcitonin
D) TSH
E) oxytocin

Question 18

Which gland or organ releases luteinizing hormone?

A) Anterior pituitary
B) Parathyroid
C) Posterior pituitary
D) Adrenal
E) Gonads

Question 19

The ____ hormones turn genes on or off in the nucleus.

A) Steroidal
B) Nonsteroidal
C) Prostaglandins
D) Gonadal
E) Adrenal

Question 20

The ____ secretes calcitonin.

A) thyroid
B) parathyroid
C) adrenal
D) pancreas
E) thymus

Question 21

The ____ releases thymosin, which promotes the production of T cells.

A) pineal body
B) small intestine
C) kidneys
D) thyroid
E) thymus

Question 22

____ is due to congenital hypothyroidism.

A) Acromegaly
B) Cretinism
C) Dwarfism
D) Gigantism
E) Goiter

Question 23

Which of the following stimulates red blood cell production?

A) Thymosin
B) Melatonin
C) Erythropoietin
D) Atrial natriuretic peptide
E) Calcitonin

Question 24

When a person develops antibodies that attack the thyroid gland, causing the thyroid to produce too many thyroid hormones, that person has ____.

A) dwarfism
B) gigantism
C) Graves' disease
D) myxedema
E) Addison's disease

Question 25

____ is a condition in which too little growth hormone is produced in childhood.

A) Acromegaly
B) Cretinism
C) Dwarfism
D) Gigantism
E) Graves' disease

Question 26

Which hormone increases energy production by cells, stimulates protein synthesis, and speeds up the repair of damaged tissues?

A) Aldosterone
B) Thyroid hormones
C) Cortisol
D) TSH
E) FSH

Question 27

Atrial natriuretic peptide is released by the ____.

A) stomach
B) small intestine
C) kidneys
D) heart
E) liver

Question 28

In ____, too much cortisol is produced.

A) acromegaly
B) cretinism
C) Cushing's syndrome
D) diabetes mellitus
E) Addison's disease

Question 29

The hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to release hormones is ____.

A) cortisol
B) calcitonin
C) oxytocin
D) ACTH
E) TSH

Question 30

Which of the following releases melatonin, which regulates a person's biological clock?

A) Pineal body
B) Ovaries
C) Testes
D) Stomach
E) Kidneys

Question 31

The ____ secretes a hormone called erythropoietin, which stimulates blood cell production.

A) pineal body
B) heart
C) kidney
D) thymus
E) pancreas

Question 32

The hormone that stimulates production of T lymphocytes is ____.

A) thymosin
B) melatonin
C) erythropoietin
D) atrial natriuretic peptide
E) ACTH

Question 33

____ decreases inflammation and pain.

A) Aldosterone
B) Thyroid hormones
C) Cortisol
D) Glucagon
E) Calcitonin

Question 34

A high glucose level due to the inadequate secretion of insulin is ____.

A) acromegaly
B) cretinism
C) Cushing's syndrome
D) diabetes mellitus
E) diabetes insipidus

Question 35

Which hormone, released by the heart, regulates blood pressure?

A) Thymosin
B) Melatonin
C) Erythropoietin
D) Atrial natriuretic peptide
E) ACTH

Question 36

Which of the following is the result of excess growth hormone in children?

A) Acromegaly
B) Cretinism
C) Dwarfism
D) Gigantism
E) Goiter

Question 37

Which of the following is the result of an excess in growth hormone in adults?

A) Acromegaly
B) Cretinism
C) Dwarfism
D) Gigantism
E) Goiter

Question 38

The hormone ____ lowers blood calcium by activating osteoblasts, which use excess blood calcium to build new bone tissue.

A) cortisol
B) glucagon
C) calcitonin
D) oxytocin
E) melatonin

Question 39

____ regulates circadian rhythms.

A) Thymosin
B) Melatonin
C) Erythropoietin
D) Atrial natriuretic peptide
E) Cortisol

Question 40

The thyroid gland does not produce adequate amounts of thyroid hormones in ____.

A) dwarfism
B) gigantism
C) Graves' disease
D) myxedema
E) Addison's disease

Question 41

The gland at letter B on the figure is the ________.
B.

Question 42

Mr. Harrison came to the office last week because he was confused and concerned by recent physical developments. His hands and feet seem to be getting bigger, and he is developing gaps between his teeth. He is here today for a follow-up visit, and the physician informs him that he has a pituitary tumor that needs to be removed. Mr. Harrison's symptoms are typical of which of the following disorders?

A) Graves' disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) Myxedema
D) Addison's disease
E) Acromegaly

Question 43

Diabetes _______ is a condition in which the kidneys fail to reabsorb water, causing excessive urination. Its primary cause is the hyposecretion of ADH.

Question 44

The hormone that stimulates the kidneys to conserve water by decreasing urine output and assists in the maintenance of blood pressure is ________ hormone (ADH).

Question 45

Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by activating ________, which use excess blood calcium to build new bone tissue.

Question 46

________ disease is a condition in which the adrenal glands fail to produce enough corticosteroids.

Question 47

The ________ hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones.

Question 48

Letter J on the figure identifies the ________.

Question 49

Letter E on the figure indicates the ________.

Question 50

The outermost portion of the adrenal gland is the adrenal ________.

Question 51

Letter I on the figure identifies the ________.

Question 52

Letter F on the figure indicates the ________.

Question 53

The ________ is shown at letter K on the figure.

Question 54

The ________ is shown at letter A on the figure.

Question 55

A person with ____ will have thin skin, high glucose levels, thin extremities, and a large abdomen.

A) Graves' disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) myxedema
D) acromegaly
E) dwarfism

Question 56

Letter D on the figure indicates the ________.

Question 57

Clara Simmons, a 62-year-old patient, has come to the medical office with a complaint of weight gain and puffy hands and feet. "This isn't like me," she says. "I exercise regularly and watch my diet." When you check her vital signs, you find that her blood pressure is 84/50, hear heart rate is 56, and her respirations are 12. For which of the following disorders might you expect the physician to test?

A) Graves' disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) Myxedema
D) Diabetes mellitus
E) Diabetes insipidus

Question 58

The central portion of the adrenal gland is the adrenal ________.

Question 59

Richard is a 36-year-old patient who is complaining of insomnia and weight loss. He tells you his heart often races. Richard's current weight is 126, and in his chart you notice that at his last visit 3 months ago, his weight was 142. He seems anxious while you are conducting the interview. For which of the following disorders might you expect the physician to test?

A) Graves' disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) Myxedema
D) Acromegaly
E) Addison's disease

Question 60

Letter G on the figure shows the ________.

Question 61

The body's physiologic response to stress consists of a group of reactions called the general _______, which is primarily caused by the release of hormones.

Question 62

The ________ gland, also known as the hypophysis, is located at the base of the brain and is controlled by the hypothalamus.

Question 63

The ________ gland is a small gland located between the cerebral hemispheres that secretes a hormone called melatonin.

Question 64

A(n) ________ is a chemical secreted by a cell that affects the functions of other cells.

Question 65

Any stimulus that produces stress is called a(n) ________.

Question 66

The hormones ________ and thymopoietin promote the production of T lymphocytes.

Question 67

A severe type of hypothyroidism that is most common in females over age 50 is ________.

Question 68

Hormones made of amino acids or proteins that bind to receptors on the surface of the cell are _______ hormones.

Question 69

The hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is ________, sometimes called the lactogenic hormone.

Question 70

The four small glands embedded into the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are the _______ glands.

Question 71

A common sign of Graves' disease includes ________, or protrusion of the eyes.

Question 72

The hormone that increases glucose concentrations in the bloodstream and slows down protein synthesis is ________.

Question 73

Prolonged stress causes the release of the hormone ________.

Question 74

The ________ is located in the diencephalon of the brain and produces the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Question 75

_______-stimulating hormone (MSH) stimulates synthesis of melanin and its disbursement to the skin cells of the epidermis.

Question 76

Nonsteroidal hormones bind to receptors on the surface of the cell and activate a(n) ________ that causes enzymes inside the cell to be turned on.

Question 77

Structures in the pancreas, known as ________ of Langerhans, secrete the hormones glucagon and insulin into the bloodstream.

Question 78

The _______ stimulates the thyroid gland to release its hormones.

Question 79

The _______ gland lies between the lungs and secretes thymosin.

Question 80

Hormone levels are controlled by a mechanism known as a(n) _______ ________, which can be either negative or positive.