Deck 1: Covalent Bonding and Shapes of Molecules

Question 1

A neutral carbon has how many valence electrons?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Answer 1

4

Question 2

A neutral nitrogen has how many valence electrons?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7

Answer 2

5

Question 3

Which is the correct Lewis structure for acetic acid (CH₃CO₂H)?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Answer 3

IV

Question 4

A neutral oxygen has how many valence electrons?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7

Question 5

Which Lewis structures are correct?
HINT: Perform a total valence count and check formal charges.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 6

Using the VSEPR model, predict which species have bond angles of about 109°.
HINT: Assume that the charges are correct. Add the missing lone pairs before applying the VSEPR theory!

A) I, III, IV
B) II, III, V
C) I, IV
D) III, IV, V

Question 7

Which is the electronic configuration that describes Mg²⁺?

A) 1s², 2s²
B) 1s², 2s², 2p⁶
C) 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s²
D) 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶

Question 8

Which functional groups have correct Lewis structures?

A) I, II
B) II, III
C) I, II, III
D) I, III

Question 9

Which atom is described by the electronic configuration 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p³?

A) Mg
B) Al
C) Si
D) P

Question 10

Which statement about orbitals is false?

A) Orbitals are regions of space where electrons are found.
B) Orbitals may contain up to two electrons each.
C) Orbitals are filled in order of decreasing energy.
D) Orbitals of equivalent energy are half filled before adding two electrons to any one of them.

Question 11

Which is the electronic configuration that describes a neutral carbon atom?

A) 1s², 2s², 2p⁵
B) 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s²
C) 1s², 2s², 2p²
D) 1s², 2s², 2p⁶

Question 12

What is the formal charge of oxygen in H₃O⁺?

A) -1
B) 0
C) +1
D) +2

Question 13

Which atom is described by the Lewis structure ?

A) C
B) P
C) Se
D) I

Question 14

Nitrogen has a negative formal charge in which of the following compounds?

A) NaNH₂
B) N₂
C) NH₄Cl
D) HCN

Question 15

Arrange the bonds in increasing order of ionic character (least first).
C-C Na-O C-N O-H C-O
I II III IV V

A) III, I, IV, II, V
B) V, III, I, II, IV
C) I, V, III, IV, II
D) I, III, V, IV, II

Question 16

Using the VSEPR model, predict which atoms have bond angles of about 120°.

A) II, IV
B) I, IV
C) II, III
D) I, III

Question 17

Which atom is described by the electron configuration 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵?

A) S
B) Se
C) Cl
D) Br

Question 18

Which atom is described by the Lewis structure ?

A) C
B) P
C) Se
D) I

Question 19

Which Lewis structures are correct?
HINT: Perform a total valence count and check formal charges.

A) I, II
B) II, IV
C) III, IV
D) I, III

Question 20

According to VSEPR model, what is your prediction for the arrangement of electron pairs for CH₃^-?

A) linear
B) tetrahedral
C) bent
D) trigonal

Question 21

Which compounds are classified correctly?
HINT: Assume that the charges are correct. Add the missing lone pairs!

A) III, IV, V
B) II, III, IV
C) I, III, V
D) I, III, IV

Question 22

______ is the number of valence electrons for a neutral sulfur atom.

Question 23

What is the correct structure for the aldehyde, which has the formula C₄H₈O?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 24

Using the VSEPR model, predict which molecules have bond angles of about 120°.

A) I, II, IV
B) I, II, III
C) III, IV, V
D) II, III, IV

Question 25

Outer shell electrons are called _________ electrons.

Question 26

The carbon has the correct orbital hybridization in which structures?

A) II, IV, V
B) II, III, IV
C) I, II, III
D) I, IV, V

Question 27

Which of the three molecules aspirin, paracetamol and ibuprofen contains a carboxyl group?

A) I
B) I, III
C) II,III
D) I, II, III

Question 28

What is the formal charge of indicated carbon in the following molecule?

A) -2
B) -1
C) 0
D) +1

Question 29

Which compounds contain both covalent and ionic bonds?
CH₃OH Na₂CO₃ NH₄Cl NaCl
I II III IV

A) I, II
B) II, IV
C) I, II, IV
D) II, III

Question 30

Which of these molecules are polar?
HINT: look for the presence of at least one polar covalent bond in these molecules!

A) III, IV, V
B) I, IV
C) II, III, V
D) I, III

Question 31

Which of these molecules are polar?
HINT: look for the presence of at least one polar covalent bond in these molecules!

A) I,IV
B) I, III, III
C) II, III, IV
D) III, IV, V

Question 32

The spins of two electrons in the same orbital must be _______ .

Question 33

Which of the following are pairs of contributing structures?

A) II, IV
B) I, II, III
C) III, IV
D) II, III, ,IV

Question 34

What are the correct orbital hybridizations for carbon in the following species?
HINT: Add a lone pair if the charge of the molecule suggests it!

A) CH₃⁺ is sp-hybridized
B) CH₃^- is sp²-hybridized
C) CH₄ is sp²-hybridized
D) CH₃^- is sp³-hybridized

Question 35

Which statement about contributing structures is false?

A) All contributing structures must have the same number of valence electrons.
B) All contributing structures must obey the rules of covalent bonding.
C) The position of nuclei may change.
D) Third period atoms may have up to 18 electrons around them.

Question 36

Which of the three molecules testosterone, methadone and hydrocodone contains an amine?

A) I,II
B) III
C) II,III
D) I, II, III

Question 37

Which of the three molecules (testosterone, methadone and hydrocodone) contains a ketone?

A) I,II
B) III
C) II,III
D) I, II, III

Question 38

Which of the following compounds is a tertiary (3°) alcohol?

I II III IV

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 39

Which of the three molecules testosterone, methadone and hydrocodone contains a hydroxyl group.

A) I
B) I, III
C) II,III
D) I, II, III

Question 40

Using the VSEPR model, predict which molecules have bond angles of about 109°.

A) II, IV
B) I, II, III
C) III, IV, V
D) II, III, IV

Question 41

Ionic bonds are characterized by the unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 42

Orbitals make up the majority of the mass of an atom.

Question 43

Atoms of the group 2A elements react by losing two electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration.

Question 44

______ is the number of valence electrons for a neutral bromine atom.

Question 45

A __________ bond is characterized by the unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 46

The following molecule is an example of a secondary amine.

Question 47

Carbon atoms usually react by gaining 4 electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration.

Question 48

The following molecule contains the _________ and __________ functional groups.

Question 49

The tendency of an element to react such that it achieves a noble gas configuration is called
the ______ ______. (Sec. 1.1, EASY)

Question 50

An neutral atom that has gained electrons is called an anion.

Question 51

______________ are the basis for compound nomenclature.

Question 52

Which compound has the least exothermic (least negative) heat of hydrogenation?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 53

The following molecule contains the _________ and __________ functional groups.

Question 54

The most polar bond in the following molecule is __________.

Question 55

Atoms of the group 7A elements react by losing an electron to achieve a noble gas configuration.

Question 56

is a polar molecule.

Question 57

Functional groups undergo the same type of __________ in whatever compound they are found.

Question 58

contains only polar covalent bonds.

Question 59

Each shell can hold two electrons.

Question 60

Which is the major product from the reaction of propene with BH₃ followed by NaOH/H₂O₂?

A) 1-propanol
B) 2-propanol
C) 1,2-propanediol
D) 1,3-propandiol

Question 61

Arrange these carbocations in order of increasing stability (least to most).

A) I, II, III, IV
B) III, II, I, IV
C) II, IV, I, III
D) III, I, II, IV

Question 62

Which reagents react with an alkene by anti addition?
i. Cl₂
II. Br₂
III. H₂/Pt
IV. BH₃, followed by H₂O₂/NaOH/H₂O

A) I, II
B) III, IV
C) II, III
D) I, IV

Question 63

Which are the major products from the reaction of 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene with H₂/Pt?

A) I and III
B) II and IV
C) II and III
D) III and IV

Question 64

Compound X has a molecular formula C₈H₁₄ and reacts with H₂/Pt to give compound Y, C₈H₁₆. Which is compound X?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 65

Which compound has the most exothermic (most negative) heat of hydrogenation?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 66

Which reagents react with 2-methyl-1-hexene in a Markovnikov orientation?
i. HBr
II. H₂O/H₂SO₄
III. Br₂
IV. BH₃, followed by H₂O₂/NaOH/H₂O

A) I, II
B) III, IV
C) II, IV
D) II, III, IV

Question 67

Which energy diagram represents the reaction of HBr with 2-butene?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 68

Which is the major product from the reaction of 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene with Br₂?

A) I and III
B) II and IV
C) II and III
D) III and IV

Question 69

Which reagents react with an alkene by syn addition?
i. Cl₂
II. Br₂
III. H₂/Pt
IV. BH₃, followed by H₂O₂/NaOH/H₂O

A) I, II
B) III, IV
C) II, III
D) I, IV

Question 70

The hydroboration and subsequent oxidation of 1-heptene leads to which of the following products?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 71

Ethynylcyclohexane reacts with sodium amide. The product of that reaction then reacts with bromocyclohexane. What is the main product that is formed?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 72

Which is the major product from the reaction of cyclopentene with Br₂/CCl₄?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 73

Which compound does not give two stereoisomers when reacted with Cl₂/CCl₄?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 74

Select the stereoselective reagents from the following list.
HCl H⁺/H₂O Br₂ BH₃ H₂

Question 75

Which is the product of the reaction of 1-methylcyclohexene with H₂O/H₂SO₄?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 76

Which set of reagents will produce a electrophilic addition to the pi bond of an alkene??
i. H₂O/H₂SO₄
II. Br₂/CCl₄
III. HBr
IV. H₂/Pt

A) I, II, III
B) I, II, IV
C) II, IV
D) III, IV

Question 77

Which point on the energy diagram represents the intermediate?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 78

Which statement does not describe a transition state?

A) possesses a definite geometry
B) maximum on the energy diagram
C) structure can be determined experimentally
D) cannot be isolated

Question 79

But-1-yn-1-ylcyclohexane reacts with molecular hydrogen under pressure in the presence of a Lindlar catalyst. What reaction product is formed?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 80

Which is the major product from acid catalyzed hydration of 2-methyl-2-pentene?

A) 2-methyl-3-pentanol
B) 2-methyl-2-pentanol
C) 4-methyl-2-pentanol
D) 3-methyl-3-pentanol