Deck 15: Eating Disorders

Question 1

Based on your knowledge of good nutrition and sound dietary habits, answer the following questions:
a. How can repeated bingeing and purging lead to significant nutrient deficiencies?
b. How can significant nutrient deficiencies contribute to major health problems in later life?
c. A friend asks you, the nutrition expert, if it is okay to "cleanse" the body by eating only grapefruit for a week. What is your response?

Answer 1

a)
The eating disorder called bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging to avoid weight gain. The binge eating is eating in a period of every two hours and also the amount of consumption of food is larger than the portion of food that should be consumed. It is a lack of control over eating infrequent episodes and also on the size of the meal. Compensatory behavior is used to prevent weight gain.
This may include self - induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, and other medication or over-exercise. The binge eating and compensatory behaviors are carried out for a week within three months. The repeated purging or vomiting causes exposure of teeth to stomach acids that causes demineralization. The frequent vomiting also causes a reduction in the levels of the blood potassium and it can also be due to the use of diuretics that may disturb the heart rhythm and may lead to sudden death.
b)
The binge eating and purging may lead to significant nutrient deficiencies due to abnormal eating behavior. The insufficient consumption of nutrients may result in nutritional deficiencies such as vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Binge eating may promote the consumption of nutrient-poor and energy-rich calories and result in overweight.
The repeated purging may cause fluid and electrolyte loss. The abuse of diuretics and laxatives also result in fluid loss and dehydration. Consumption of fewer amounts of food in anorexia may cause muscle weakness and fatigue, iron deficiency anemia, and dysfunction of immune and digestive systems.
c)
The nutrition expert should provide the patient with appropriate information regarding foods that help in promoting good health and also foods that act as detoxifying agents. The consumption of various fruits helps to detoxify the body systems and remove the toxins. The fruits such as grapefruit and other citrus fruits are efficient in eliminating the toxins. As a nutritionist, suggestions must be given to consume the fruits like at least 3 to 4 times in a week to get good benefits of detoxification.

Question 2

What is a compensatory behavior? List at least three examples of inappropriate compensatory behaviors.

Answer 2

Compensatory behavior is an alternative method for preventing weight gain due to overeating by bulimia nervosa. This process can help rid of excess calories from the body.
Vomiting, purging, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or excessive exercise are the serious compensatory behaviors. These are very harmful to the body.

Question 3

Binge-eating disorder can be characterized as

A) bingeing accompanied by purging.
B) secretive eating.
C) eating to avoid feeling and dealing with emotional pain.
D) the early phase of bulimia nervosa.

Answer 3

The disordered eating patterns are resulted due to the abnormal behaviors of consumption of the food concerning stress, illness, or desire to change the body weight. The eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorders.
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by extreme weight loss due to fear of weight gain and obesity and more care about body shape maintenance. The bulimia nervosa involves binge eating of abnormal amounts of food followed by purging to maintain the body weight.
The binge eating disorder is frequent episodes of binge eating due to distress but is not followed by compensatory behaviors like purging. This would result in weight gain and obesity.
Therefore, the options (a), (b) and (d) are incorrect
The binge eating disorder is characterized by abnormal consumption of large portions of meals and not followed by purging or other compensatory behavior. The binge eating is adapted in emotional stress to avoid the feeling of the pain or other emotional conditions of anxiety.
Therefore, the correct option is

Question 4

Describe at least three physical effects of bulimia nervosa.

Question 5

How, in your opinion, has society contributed to the development of various forms of disordered eating? Provide an example.

Question 6

Outline the basic components of nutritional therapy for people with bulimia nervosa. How do psychological and pharmacological therapies contribute to recovery?

Question 7

Night eating syndrome is characterized by

A) eating dinner but no breakfast or lunch.
B) the need to eat to fall asleep.
C) waking at night to purge by vomiting.
D) consuming all of the daily calories at night.

Question 8

What differentiates binge-eating disorder from bulimia nervosa?

Question 9

List the three symptoms that constitute the female athlete triad. What is the major health risk associated with loss of menstrual periods in the female athlete?

Question 10

List at least three health effects that may result from binge-eating disorder.

Question 11

For 3 weeks leading up to her friend's wedding, Teresa skipped meals and restricted her food intake to 800 kcal per day so that she could fit into her bridesmaid dress. After the wedding, she resumed eating 2200 kcal per day. This is an example of

A) disordered eating.
B) an eating disorder.
C) size acceptance.
D) muscle dysmorphia.

Question 12

Female athlete triad consists of

A) anorexia nervosa, lack of family support, and overtraining.
B) disordered eating, overtraining, and lack of menstrual periods.
C) osteoporosis, lack of menstrual periods, and disordered eating.
D) osteoporosis, lack of sleep, and disordered eating.

Question 13

Why do people with binge-eating disorder have little success in traditional weight-loss programs?

Question 14

What are the typical characteristics of a person with anorexia nervosa? What may influence a person to begin rigid, self-imposed dietary patterns?

Question 15

How does binge-eating disorder differ from bulimia nervosa? Describe the factors that contribute to the development and treatment of binge-eating disorder.

Question 16

List three ways pica could harm health.

Question 17

Factors that contribute to development of eating disorders include

A) genetics.
B) social pressures to be thin.
C) sexual abuse.
D) All of the above.

Question 18

If you were assigned to speak to a group of middle school 4-H students about healthy eating, which message would be best?

A) Ask children to sort various snack ideas into "good" or "bad" groups.
B) Illustrate how many minutes of exercise are needed to burn the calories in various snacks.
C) Advise kids to restrict favorite treats (e.g., ice cream), except as a reward for reaching a goal, such as getting a good grade on a test.
D) Emphasize that children should eat when they are hungry and stop eating when they are full.

Question 19

Describe three different cases in which a person would be diagnosed with subthreshold eating disorders.

Question 20

List the detrimental physical and psychological side effects of bulimia nervosa. Describe important goals of the psychological and nutrition therapy used to treat bulimic patients.

Question 21

Provide two recommendations to reduce the problem of eating disorders in our society.

Question 22

How is purging disorder similar to bulimia nervosa? How do these two disorders differ?

Question 23

Anorexia nervosa can be defined as

A) compulsive eating.
B) hyperactivity.
C) denial of appetite.
D) purging.

Question 24

Differentiate between disordered eating and an eating disorder.

Question 25

List three characteristics of night eating syndrome.

Question 26

What is the current thinking concerning medication use for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa? (LOs 14.2 and 14.3)

Question 27

Describe how genetics and environment interact in the development of eating disorders.

Question 28

List the three components of the female athlete triad.

Question 29

The most likely long-term health consequence of anorexia nervosa could be

A) fractures resulting from bone loss.
B) atherosclerotic heart disease.
C) esophageal ulcers.
D) cancer.

Question 30

Why are eating disorders more common among adolescents than other age groups?

Question 31

How is muscle dysmorphia similar to anorexia nervosa? How is it different?

Question 32

Explain the role of excessive exercise in eating disorders.

Question 33

Identify the three diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa.

Question 34

What is diabulimia? List some of the harmful physical effects of such practices.

Question 35

Bulimia is most frequently first recognized by a

A) dietitian.
B) physician.
C) dentist.
D) physical therapist.

Question 36

List five physical effects of anorexia nervosa.

Question 37

How would you distinguish between healthy eating and orthorexia?

Question 38

How might parents significantly contribute to the development of an eating disorder? Suggest an attitude that a parent or an adult friend of yours displayed that may not have been conducive to developing a normal relationship to food.

Question 39

Describe elements of nutrition, psychological, and pharmacological therapy for anorexia nervosa.

Question 40

Why is prevention of eating disorders so important?

Question 41

The most life-threatening health risk from frequent vomiting due to bulimia nervosa is

A) a drop in blood potassium.
B) constipation.
C) weight gain.
D) swollen salivary glands.

Question 42

Describe the eating behaviors of bulimia nervosa. What triggers them? What distinguishes them from simple overeating at a holiday meal?

Question 43

Imagine you are a coach for a high school girls' softball team. What could you do to foster an environment that prevents eating disorders among this group of adolescent girls?