Deck 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Question 1

What is the term for the total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element?

A) Isotope number
B) Mass number
C) Mass-to-charge ratio
D) Atomic number
E) Atomic mass units

Answer 1

Mass number

Question 2

Rutherford's experiment with alpha particle scattering by gold foil established that

A) positive charge not evenly distributed throughout an atom.
B) electrons have a negative charge.
C) electrons have a positive charge.
D) atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
E) protons are 1840 times heavier than electrons.

Answer 2

positive charge not evenly distributed throughout an atom.

Question 3

The scientist who determined the magnitude of the electric charge on the electron was

A) John Dalton.
B) Robert Millikan.
C) J. J. Thomson.
D) Henry Moseley.
E) J. Burdge.

Answer 3

Robert Millikan.

Question 4

Millikan's oil-drop experiment

A) established the charge on an electron.
B) showed that all oil drops carried the same charge.
C) provided support for the nuclear model of the atom.
D) suggested that some oil drops carried fractional numbers of electrons.
E) suggested the presence of a neutral particle in the atom.

Question 5

Which isotope is not possible?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E) All of these isotopes are possible.

Question 6

Which of the following is a type of radioactive radiation that consists of positively charged particles and is deflected away from the positively charged plate?

A) α rays
B) β rays
C) γ rays
D) δ rays
E) ε rays

Question 7

When J. J. Thomson discovered the electron, what physical property of the electron did he measure?

A) its charge, e
B) its charge-to-mass ratio, e/m
C) its temperature, T
D) its mass, m
E) its atomic number, Z

Question 8

Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers are called

A) ions.
B) neutrons.
C) chemical groups.
D) chemical families.
E) isotopes.

Question 9

Which one of the following statements about atoms and subatomic particles is correct?

A) Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus by bombarding gold foil with electrons.
B) The proton and the neutron have identical masses.
C) The neutron's mass is equal to that of a proton plus an electron.
D) A neutral atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons.
E) An atomic nucleus contains equal numbers of protons and neutrons.

Question 10

Who is credited with discovering the atomic nucleus?

A) Dalton
B) Gay-Lussac
C) Thomson
D) Chadwick
E) Rutherford

Question 11

What is the term for the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element? It also indicates the number of electrons in the atom.

A) Isotope number
B) Mass number
C) Mass-to-charge ratio
D) Atomic number
E) Atomic mass units

Question 12

Atoms X, Y, Z, and R have the following nuclear compositions: Which of the following are isotopes of the same element?

A) I & II
B) I & IV
C) II & IV
D) III & IV
E) I & III

Question 13

Bromine is the only nonmetal that is a liquid at room temperature. Consider the isotope bromine-81, . Select the combination which lists the correct atomic number, number of neutrons, and mass number, respectively.

A) 35, 46, 81
B) 35, 81, 46
C) 81, 46, 35
D) 46, 81, 35
E) 35, 81, 116

Question 14

Who discovered the neutron, the subatomic particle having a neutral charge?

A) Millikan
B) Dalton
C) Chadwick
D) Rutherford
E) Thomson

Question 15

Which of the following is a type of radioactive radiation that has no charge and is unaffected by external electric or magnetic fields?

A) α rays
B) β rays
C) γ rays
D) δ rays
E) ε rays

Question 16

Which of the following is a type of radioactive radiation that consists of electrons and is deflected away from the negatively charged plate?

A) α rays
B) β rays
C) γ rays
D) δ rays
E) ε rays

Question 17

Which field of study made a big contribution toward understanding the composition of the atom?

A) Electricity
B) Radiation
C) Solution chemistry
D) Electrochemistry
E) Quantum mechanics

Question 18

Who is credited with first measuring the charge of the electron?

A) Dalton
B) Gay-Lussac
C) Thomson
D) Millikan
E) Rutherford

Question 19

Which of these scientists developed the nuclear model of the atom?

A) John Dalton
B) Robert Millikan
C) J. J. Thomson
D) Henry Moseley
E) Ernest Rutherford

Question 20

Who is credited with measuring the mass/charge ratio of the electron?

A) Dalton
B) Chadwick
C) Thomson
D) Millikan
E) Rutherford

Question 21

The elements in Group 2A are known by what name?

A) Transition metals
B) Halogens
C) Alkali metals
D) Alkaline earth metals
E) Noble gases

Question 22

Two isotopes of an element differ only in their

A) symbol.
B) atomic number.
C) atomic mass.
D) number of protons.
E) number of electrons.

Question 23

Which of these elements is chemically similar to oxygen?

A) Sulfur
B) Calcium
C) Iron
D) Nickel
E) Potassium

Question 24

Which of these materials are typically poor conductors of heat and electricity?

A) Metals
B) Metalloids
C) Nonmetals
D) Alkaline earth metals
E) Alkali metals

Question 25

What term defines a mass which is exactly equal to 1/12 the mass of one carbon-12 atom?

A) Isotope number
B) Mass number
C) Mass-to-charge ratio
D) Atomic number
E) Atomic mass unit

Question 26

In the periodic table, atoms are arranged in order of

A) increasing atomic mass.
B) increasing atomic number.
C) physical properties.
D) periodicity.
E) chemical reactivities.

Question 27

How many neutrons are there in an atom of lead whose mass number is 208?

A) 82
B) 126
C) 208
D) 290
E) none of them

Question 28

Silicon, which makes up about 25% of Earth's crust by mass, is used widely in the modern electronics industry. It has three naturally occurring isotopes, ²⁸Si, ²⁹Si, and ³⁰Si. Calculate the atomic mass of silicon.

A) 29.2252 amu
B) 28.9757 amu
C) 28.7260 amu
D) 28.0855 amu
E) 27.9801 amu

Question 29

Which of these elements is most likely to be a good conductor of electricity?

A) N
B) S
C) He
D) Cl
E) Fe

Question 30

Which of the following is a metalloid?

A) Carbon, C, Z = 6
B) Sulfur, S, Z = 16
C) Germanium, Ge, Z = 32
D) Iridium, Ir, Z = 77
E) Bromine, Br, Z = 35

Question 31

The elements in Group 7A are known by what name?

A) Transition metals
B) Halogens
C) Alkali metals
D) Alkaline earth metals
E) Noble gases

Question 32

Lithium forms compounds which are used in dry cells, storage batteries, and in high-temperature lubricants. It has two naturally occurring isotopes, ⁶Li (isotopic mass = 6.015123 amu) and ⁷Li (isotopic mass = 7.016005 amu). Lithium has an atomic mass of 6.9412 amu. What is the percent abundance of lithium-6?

A) 92.53%
B) 86.65%
C) 49.47%
D) 7.47%
E) 6.015%

Question 33

The elements in a column of the periodic table are known as

A) metalloids.
B) a period.
C) noble gases.
D) a group.
E) nonmetals.

Question 34

The alkali metal elements are found in ________ of the periodic table.

A) Group 1A
B) Group 2A
C) Group 3A
D) Period 7
E) Period 1

Question 35

Select the correct number of protons (p), electrons (e), and neutrons (n) in one atom of chlorine-37.

A) 37 p, 37 e, 17 n
B) 17 p, 17 e, 37 n
C) 17 p, 17 e, 20 n
D) 37 p, 17 e, 20 n
E) 17 p, 37 e, 17 n

Question 36

An atom of the isotope sulfur-31 consists of how many protons, neutrons, and electrons? (p = proton, n = neutron, e = electron)

A) 15 p, 16 n, 15 e
B) 16 p, 15 n, 16 e
C) 16 p, 31 n, 16 e
D) 32 p, 31 n, 32 e
E) 16 p, 16 n, 15 e

Question 37

A row of the periodic table is called a(n)

A) group.
B) period.
C) isotopic mixture.
D) family.
E) subshell.

Question 38

Which of the following is a metal?

A) Nitrogen, N, Z = 7
B) Phosphorus, P, Z = 15
C) Arsenic, As, Z = 33
D) Thallium, Tl, Z = 81
E) Silicon, Si, Z = 14

Question 39

Which of the following is a nonmetal?

A) Lithium, Li, Z = 3
B) Bromine, Br, Z = 35
C) Mercury, Hg, Z = 80
D) Bismuth, Bi, Z = 83
E) Sodium, Na, Z = 11

Question 40

Which of these elements is chemically similar to magnesium?

A) Sulfur
B) Calcium
C) Iron
D) Nickel
E) Potassium

Question 41

Which of the following contains ionic bonding?

A) CO
B) SrF₂
C) Al
D) OCl₂
E) HCl

Question 42

What element is represented by X in the atomic symbol notation ?

A) Iridium
B) Platinum
C) Palladium
D) Selenium
E) Magnesium

Question 43

Which of these compounds is most likely to be ionic?

A) GaAs
B) SrBr₂
C) NO₂
D) CBr₄
E) H₂O

Question 44

The chemical name for ClO₃^- is "chlorate ion". What is the common name for HClO₃?

A) hydrochloric acid
B) chloroform
C) hydrogen trioxychloride
D) chlorous acid
E) chloric acid

Question 45

Which of these pairs of elements would be most likely to form an ionic compound?

A) Cl and I
B) Al and K
C) Cl and Mg
D) C and S
E) Al and Mg

Question 46

Which of the following is an ionic compound?

A) H₂S
B) NH₃
C) I₂
D) KI
E) CCl₄

Question 47

Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons for the isotope gold-118. The symbol for gold is Au.

A) 118 protons, 118 electrons, 79 neutrons
B) 79 protons, 79 electrons, 118 neutrons
C) 79 protons, 79 electrons, 39 neutrons
D) 118 protons, 118 electrons, 39 neutrons
E) 79 protons, 39 electrons, 118 neutrons

Question 48

Which of these pairs of elements would be most likely to form an ionic compound?

A) P and Br
B) Cu and K
C) C and O
D) O and Zn
E) Al and Rb

Question 49

Which is the correct formula for copper(II) phosphate?

A) Cu₂PO₄
B) Cu₃(PO₄)₂
C) Cu₂PO₃
D) Cu(PO₄)₂
E) Cu(PO₃)₂

Question 50

Which one of these species is an ion?

A) B³⁺
B) NaCl
C) He
D) (¹⁴C)
E) None of these species is an ion.

Question 51

Which pair of elements would be most likely to form an ionic compound?

A) P and Br
B) Zn and K
C) F and Al
D) C and S
E) Al and Rb

Question 52

What is the formula for the ionic compound formed by calcium and selenium?

A) CaSe
B) Ca₂Se
C) CaSe₂
D) Ca₃Se
E) CaSe₃

Question 53

Which of these compounds is most likely to be ionic?

A) KF
B) CCl₄
C) CS₂
D) CO₂
E) ICl

Question 54

Which of these compounds is most likely to be ionic?

A) NCl₃
B) BaCl₂
C) CO
D) SO₂
E) SF₄

Question 55

An anion is defined as

A) an atom or group of atoms with a net negative charge.
B) a stable atom.
C) a group of stable atoms.
D) an atom or group of atoms with a net positive charge.
E) neutral.

Question 56

The formula for magnesium sulfate is

A) MnS.
B) MgS.
C) MnSO₃.
D) MgSO₄.
E) MnSO₄.

Question 57

What is the formula for the ionic compound formed by calcium ions and nitrate ions?

A) Ca₃N₂
B) Ca(NO₃)₂
C) Ca₂NO₃
D) Ca₂NO₂
E) CaNO₃

Question 58

Which of these elements is chemically similar to potassium?

A) calcium
B) arsenic
C) phosphorus
D) cerium
E) cesium

Question 59

Determine the number of protons and identify the correct symbol for an atom with 20 neutrons and 20 electrons.

A) 20 protons,
B) 20 protons,
C) 20 protons,
D) 40 protons,
E) 40 protons,

Question 60

Determine the number of electrons and identify the correct symbol for an atom with 17 protons and 18 neutrons.

A) 17 electrons,
B) 18 electrons,
C) 17 electrons,
D) 17 electrons,
E) 18 electrons,

Question 61

What is the name of PCl₃?

A) phosphorus chloride
B) phosphoric chloride
C) phosphorus trichlorate
D) trichlorophosphide
E) phosphorus trichloride

Question 62

What is the name of Mn(CO₃)₂?

A) manganese carbide
B) magnesium(IV) carbonate
C) manganese(II) carbonate
D) magnesium(II) carbonate
E) manganese(IV) carbonate

Question 63

Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate is used as a coagulant for sewage and industrial wastes. What is its formula?

A) Fe(Cl·6H₂O)₃
B) Fe₃Cl·6H₂O
C) FeCl₃(H₂O)₆
D) Fe₃Cl(H₂O)₆
E) FeCl₃·6H₂O

Question 64

The compound, P₄S₁₀, is used in the manufacture of safety matches. What is its name?

A) phosphorus sulfide
B) phosphoric sulfide
C) phosphorus decasulfide
D) tetraphosphorus decasulfide
E) phosphorus sulfite

Question 65

What is the name of P₄Se₃?

A) phosphorus selenide
B) phosphorus triselenide
C) tetraphosphorus selenide
D) phosphoric selenide
E) tetraphosphorus triselenide

Question 66

Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizer that reacts explosively with easily oxidized materials. What is its formula?

A) KMnO₃
B) KMnO₄
C) K₂MnO₄
D) K(MnO₄)₂
E) K₂Mn₂O₇

Question 67

What is the formula for the permanganate ion?

A) MnO₂^-
B) MnO₄^-
C) MgO₄^2-
D) Mn₂O₇^-
E) MgO₂^2-

Question 68

Diiodine pentaoxide is used as an oxidizing agent that converts carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. What is its chemical formula?

A) I₂O₅
B) IO₅
C) 2IO₅
D) I₅O₂
E) (IO₅)₂

Question 69

What is the formula of iodous acid?

A) HI
B) HIO₃
C) HIO
D) HIO₄
E) HIO₂

Question 70

What is the formula for lead(II) oxide?

A) PbO
B) PbO₂
C) Pb₂O
D) PbO₄
E) Pb₂O₃

Question 71

Tetrasulfur dinitride decomposes explosively when heated. What is its formula?

A) S₂N₄
B) S₄N₂
C) 4SN₂
D) S₄N
E) S₂N

Question 72

Which of the following is the oxoanion of bromine called the bromate ion?

A) BrO₃^-
B) BrO₃^2-
C) BrO₄^2-
D) BrO₂^-
E) BrO^-

Question 73

Which one of the following formulas of ionic compounds is the least likely to be correct?

A) NH₄Cl
B) Ba(OH)₂
C) Na₂SO₄
D) Ca₂NO₃
E) Cu(CN)₂

Question 74

What is the name of ClO ^- ion?

A) hypochlorite
B) chlorate
C) chlorite
D) perchlorate
E) perchlorite

Question 75

What is the name of Ba(NO₂)₂·3H₂O?

A) barium nitrite
B) trihydrobarium(II) nitrite
C) barium nitrite trihydrate
D) barium(II) nitrite trihydrate
E) barium nitrate trihydrate

Question 76

The formula for sodium sulfide is

A) NaS.
B) K₂S.
C) NaS₂.
D) Na₂S.
E) SeS.

Question 77

What combination of element types will typically result in ionic bonding?

A) two metals
B) a nonmetal and a metal
C) two nonmetals
D) two Group 1A elements
E) two noble gases

Question 78

Ferric oxide is used as a pigment in metal polishing. Which of the following is its formula?

A) FeO
B) Fe₂O
C) FeO₃
D) Fe₂O₅
E) Fe₂O₃

Question 79

What is the formula of hydrobromic acid?

A) H₂OBr
B) HBrO₃
C) HBrO
D) HBr
E) HBr·2H₂O

Question 80

The chemical formula for iron(II) nitrate is

A) Fe₂(NO₃)₃.
B) Ir(NO₂)₂.
C) Fe₂N₃.
D) Fe(NO₃)₂.
E) Fe(NO₂)₂.