Deck 6: Health Behavior and Lifestyles

Question 1

___________ suggested that a person's social class position is determined exclusively by his or her degree of access to a society's means of production.

A) Weber.
B) Durkheim.
C) Marx.
D) Wickrama.
E) Bourdieu.

Answer 1

Marx.

Question 2

Weber maintains that life __________ is influenced by life chances.

A) Realities.
B) Choices.
C) Modes.
D) Demands.
E) None of the above.

Answer 2

Choices.

Question 3

According to the World Health Organization, significant improvements in health in the 19th century were brought about by what might be called ____________ methods.

A) Engineering.
B) Medical.
C) Preventative.
D) Health lifestyles.
E) Health behavior.

Answer 3

Engineering.

Question 4

What is the likely the most powerful influence on lifestyle forms?

A) Class circumstances.
B) Age, gender, and race/ethnicity.
C) Collectivities.
D) Languages/linguistics.
E) Living conditions.

Question 5

Health lifestyles activities typically take place __________ the health care delivery system.

A) Inside.
B) Outside.
C) Beyond.
D) In conjunction with.
E) Near.

Question 6

What is NOT a category of social structural variables that have the potential to shape health lifestyles?

A) Class circumstances.
B) Age, gender, and race/ethnicity.
C) Collectivities.
D) Languages/linguistics.
E) Living conditions.

Question 7

According to the sociologist Max Weber, lifestyles are based upon a person's relationship to the means of:

A) Consumption.
B) Needs.
C) Wants.
D) Production.
E) All of the above.

Question 8

____________ refers to the choices that people have in thelifestyles they wish to adopt.

A) Life chances.
B) Life conduct.
C) Life behaviors.
D) Agency.
E) None of the above.

Question 9

Health lifestyles are common to which social class?

A) Upper classes.
B) Upper and middle classes.
C) Middle classes.
D) Lower classes.
E) All of the above.

Question 10

The ___________ generated by the habitus produce lifestyle practices for individuals that are similar to those of other people in their social class and distinctive from people in other classes, according to Bourdieu.

A) Expectations.
B) Practices.
C) Lifestyles.
D) Dispositions.
E) None of the above.

Question 11

What are collective patterns of health-related behavior based on choices from options available to people according to their life chances?

A) Health lifestyles.
B) Illness behavior.
C) Health behavior.
D) Health promotion.
E) Premedical.

Question 12

Crawford points out, there has been a growing recognition of positive health behaviors, facilitated by:

A) Mass media.
B) Word of mouth.
C) The spread of disease.
D) Education.
E) Technology.

Question 13

What are collections of actors linked together through particular relationships, such as kinship, work, religion, and politics?

A) Guilds.
B) Collectivities.
C) Knitting circles.
D) Social groups.
E) None of the above.

Question 14

What is a class-based set of durable dispositions to act in particular ways that shape particular facets of health lifestyles?

A) Life chances.
B) Norms.
C) Habitus.
D) Lifestyles.
E) Life conduct.

Question 15

What is defined as activity undertaken by individuals for the purpose of maintaining or enhancing their health, preventing health problems, or achieving a positive body image?

A) Health lifestyles.
B) Illness behavior.
C) Health behavior.
D) Health promotion.
E) Premedical.

Question 16

Lebensführung means ____________, and Lebenschancen means ________________.

A) Life conduct; lifestyle.
B) Life chances; lifestyle.
C) Life conduct; life chances.
D) Life chances; life conduct.
E) Lifestyle; life conduct.

Question 17

According to the World Health Organization, we are currently living in the _____________ era.

A) Engineering.
B) Medical.
C) Postmedical.
D) Hypermedical.
E) Premedical.

Question 18

_______________ is the notion that the more distant a person is from economic necessity, the more freedom and time that person has to develop and refine personal tastes in line with a more privileged class status.

A) Distance from norm.
B) Distance from normality.
C) Distance from mean (average).
D) Distance from poverty.
E) None of the above.

Question 19

Medical sociologists divide health-oriented behavior into two general categories: ________ behavior and _________ behavior.

A) Preventative; disease causing.
B) Health; illness.
C) Health lifestyles; sickness.
D) Health seeking; spreading.
E) None of the above.

Question 20

Health lifestyles emphasizing exercise, a healthy diet, avoidance of unhealthy practices such as smoking, and so on originated in the:

A) Working class.
B) Lower class.
C) Upper lower class.
D) Lower middle class.
E) Upper middle class. .

Question 21

The first 60 years of the 20th century was the "premedical era."

Question 22

The wealthy show the highest proportion of cigar and cigarette smokers.

Question 23

Some studies suggest that religious attitudes and behaviors can have a negative effect on numerous health-related activities.

Question 24

What refers to routine physical examinations, immunizations, prenatal care, dental checkups, screening for heart disease and cancer, and other services intended to ensure good health and to minimize the effects of illness if it occurs?

A) Routine checkups.
B) Health behavior.
C) Preventive care.
D) Health lifestyles.
E) None of the above.

Question 25

What is the reason many low-income persons do not have a source of medical care?

A) Health facilities may not be near.
B) Costs may not be covered by health insurance.
C) They may lack health insurance.
D) B and C only.
E) All of the above.

Question 26

Health behavior is the activity undertaken by sick people to regain their health.

Question 27

The healthiest state in 2013 was Vermont, followed by Utah.

Question 28

Health-oriented behavior pertains just to those activities concerned with recovering from disease or injury.

Question 29

An important facet of health behavior includes contact by healthy people with physicians and other health personnel for preventive care.

Question 30

One's life chances are rarely shaped by one's socioeconomic circumstances.

Question 31

There has been extensive research performed linking living conditions to health lifestyles.

Question 32

Most studies on race address differences in sickness and mortality rather than health lifestyle practices.

Question 33

There is evidence to show that health lifestyles emphasizing exercise, healthy diet, and avoidance of unhealthy habits such as drugs, alcohol, and smoking are spreading across class boundaries in Western society.

Question 34

A person's life chances are largely determined by his or her class position.

Question 35

It appears that health lifestyles are spreading in British society, and distinct differences between the social classes no longer remain.

Question 36

One's lifestyle is a reflection of the types and amounts of goods and services one produces and desires.

Question 37

The focus in medical sociology is on the health behavior of the individual.

Question 38

______________ of preventive care among the poor is common.

A) Underutilization.
B) Overutilization.
C) Utilization.
D) There is extensive utilization diversity even in the poor.
E) None of the above.

Question 39

Agency is a term referring to the process by which people critically evaluate and choose their course of action.

Question 40

Members of the same status group share similar lifestyles.

Question 41

Why are health lifestyles gaining in significance as the 21st century approaches? Explain your answer.

Question 42

What are the major components of Weber's concept of lifestyles and how do these components influence each other?

Question 43

How does agency influence health lifestyles?