Deck 9: Doctor-Patient Interaction

Question 1

It was not until the 1970s that women accounted for at least ________ of all first-year medical students.

A) 5%.
B) 10%.
C) 15%.
D) 20%.
E) 25%.

Answer 1

10%.

Question 2

Male physicians tend to misdiagnose ______________ in female patients.

A) Heart attack.
B) Stroke.
C) Anxiety.
D) Cancer.
E) None of the above.

Answer 2

Heart attack.

Question 3

Which model of interaction is the norm in most doctor-patient interactions?

A) Activity-passivity.
B) Guidance-cooperation.
C) React-revise.
D) Mutual participation.
E) None of the above.

Answer 3

Mutual participation.

Question 4

_________________ is the notion that, since the work of the physician is for the good of the patient, physicians tend to impute illness to their patients rather than to deny it and risk overlooking or missing it.

A) Choice v. health theory.
B) Health care paternalism.
C) The medicalization belief.
D) The medical decision rule.
E) None of the above.

Question 5

People with middle and upper socioeconomic status tend to be more ________________ and active participants in the physician-patient encounter.

A) Aggressive.
B) Consumer-oriented.
C) Focused on getting well.
D) Disease-focused.
E) None of the above.

Question 6

Women have been historically underrepresented in medical school classes owing to which of the following?

A) Differences in the academic performance of boys and girls.
B) Perceptions that women are unfit for medical work.
C) Differences in the socialization experiences of boys and girls.
D) Different career choices of boys and girls due to innate differences between them.
E) None of the above.

Question 7

_______________ is thought to protect women against heart attacks until menopause, when levels drop.

A) Testosterone.
B) Progesterone.
C) Estrogen.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 8

___________________ argue that physician-patient interaction falls into one of three possible models.

A) Haug and Lavin.
B) Parsons.
C) Hayes-Bautista.
D) Szasz and Hollender.
E) All of the above.

Question 9

Mary Boulton and her colleagues explain that the influence of social class on the doctor-patient relationship is best understood in terms of:

A) Social distance.
B) Social space.
C) Power and space.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 10

Cassell explains that information can be an important therapeutic tool in medical situations if it meets which test(s)?

A) Reduces uncertainty.
B) Provides a basis for action.
C) Strengthens the physician-patient relationship.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 11

The ___________________ model arises most often when the patient has an acute, often infectious illness, like the flu or measles.

A) Activity-passivity.
B) Guidance-cooperation.
C) React-revise.
D) Mutual participation.
E) None of the above.

Question 12

Physicians have to take on a variety of roles to induce patient adherence to their treatment regimens. Which is NOT a role?

A) Educator.
B) Salesperson.
C) Cheerleader.
D) Detective.
E) None of the above.

Question 13

As part of the women's health movement, feminist health organizations have evolved that advocate:

A) Equal pay.
B) Abortion rights.
C) Ms. over Mrs.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 14

____________________ take(s) the position that the seriousness of the patient's symptoms is the determining factor in doctor-patient interaction.

A) Haug and Lavin.
B) Parsons.
C) Hayes-Bautista.
D) Szasz and Hollender.
E) All of the above.

Question 15

The relevance of the ______________ model for understanding doctor-patient relations is the view of the interaction as a process of negotiation, rather than the physician simply giving orders and the patient following them in an automatic, unquestioning manner.

A) Hayes-Bautista.
B) Szasz and Hollender.
C) Activity-passivity.
D) Guidance-cooperation.
E) React-revise.

Question 16

The ___________________ model applies to the management of chronic illness in which the patient works with the doctor as a full participant in controlling the disease.

A) Activity-passivity.
B) Guidance-cooperation.
C) React-revise.
D) Mutual participation.
E) None of the above.

Question 17

Distress may not be only physical; purely ____________ needs can trigger a visit to a doctor as well.

A) Sociological.
B) Psychological.
C) Metaphysical.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 18

In 2011-12, about ____________ of all students entering medical schools were women.

A) 32.9%.
B) 38.4%.
C) 40.2%.
D) 47.2%.
E) 50.1%.

Question 19

A major barrier to effective communication lies in the differences between physicians and their patients with respect to:

A) Status.
B) Education.
C) Training.
D) Authority.
E) All of the above.

Question 20

The ___________________ model applies when the patient is seriously ill or being treated on an emergency basis in a state of relative helplessness, due to a severe injury or lack of consciousness.

A) Activity-passivity.
B) Guidance-cooperation.
C) React-revise.
D) Mutual participation.
E) None of the above.

Question 21

Expanding reliance on new technologies has promoted a shift away from ____________, with its focus on the patient's oral account of his or her medical history.

A) Folk medicine.
B) Biographical medicine.
C) Hereditary medicine.
D) Verbal medicine.
E) None of the above.

Question 22

When people visit doctors for treatment and medical advice, doctors rarely take some type of action to satisfy the patient's expectations.

Question 23

Which is a relevant factor driving consumerism?

A) Shift in the state's role from protecting the medical profession to protecting corporate health care interests in order to reduce costs.
B) Proliferation of commercial products for the body that the patient can use independent of the physician.
C) Rise of chronic disease.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 24

Doctors from upper-middle-class backgrounds tended to communicate less information to their patients generally than doctors with lower-middle- or working-class origins.

Question 25

Better educated and younger adults tend to be more skeptical of physician motives in providing treatment.

Question 26

Talcott Parsons's concept of the sick role provides some basic guidelines for understanding doctor-patient interaction.

Question 27

Well educated persons are the most likely to have their questions treated impersonally.

Question 28

Some patients may perceive women physicians as less of an authority figure than male physicians.

Question 29

Dissatisfaction with the doctor-patient relationship is heavily dependent on one's:

A) Gender.
B) Culture.
C) Race.
D) Social class.
E) None of the above.

Question 30

The shift toward consumerism in health care means patients have more status in the doctor-patient relationship. However, this relationship is significantly affected by an external influence:

A) Third-party payers.
B) Social class.
C) The state.
D) Religious groups.
E) All of the above.

Question 31

Physicians prescribe medications, diets, and the like and expect patients to follow them faithfully. This is called:

A) Compliance.
B) Doctor-patient expectation.
C) The contract.
D) Acceptance.
E) None of the above.

Question 32

When a patient is extremely ill or there is an emergency, doctors still cannot make life-saving decisions about patients without consulting them.

Question 33

Which involves the extensive use of advanced technology for testing, diagnosis, and the scientific determination of treatment in a more differentiated world of health care delivery?

A) Techno-medicine.
B) Electronic medical records.
C) eMedicine.
D) WebMD.
E) None of the above.

Question 34

The lack of male sensitivity to women patients was a major factor in the formation of the women's health movement to combat sexual discrimination in medicine.

Question 35

Doctor-patient relationships in the U.S. have seriously _______________ in recent years.

A) Improved.
B) Eroded.
C) Stagnated.
D) Morphed.
E) None of the above.

Question 36

Szasz and Hollender focused on the manner in which patients try to modify treatment prescribed by a physician.

Question 37

One example of male physician misperceptions about female patients is a tendency to misdiagnose heart attacks as anxiety problems.

Question 38

Parsons explains that the relationship between a physician and patient is one that is oriented toward the patient helping himself/herself deal effectively with a health problem.

Question 39

Which is NOT a barrier to communication between doctors and patients?

A) Age.
B) Gender.
C) Culture.
D) Socioeconomic status.
E) None of the above.

Question 40

A major barrier to effective communication lies in the differences between physicians and their patients.

Question 41

Do cultural differences in communication exist? Explain your answer.

Question 42

Zola found that Italian patients tended to understate their symptoms, while Irish patients tended to overstate them.

Question 43

Describe doctor-patient relations. Are they changing?

Question 44

Surprisingly, the number of women physicians is decreasing.

Question 45

Depending on the severity of symptoms, Szasz and Hollender argue that physician-patient interaction falls into one of three possible models. Describe each model.

Question 46

Some male doctors feel reduced in status by being referred to as health care "providers" instead of physicians.

Question 47

Communication is the key for avoiding noncompliance.

Question 48

Treatments normally available only in hospitals, like chemotherapy, may be reconfigured into pills and taken at home now.

Question 49

Explain why Riska believes that medicine will remain a masculine-dominated profession.

Question 50

What is the relationship between communication and class? Discuss.

Question 51

Modern-day medical practice is provided within the context of middle-class norms.

Question 52

The Internet has become a major source of medical information for many lay people.

Question 53

The belief among laypersons that the "doctor knows best" is still very accepted.