Deck 4: Pharmacology

Question 1

Which of the following best reflects subcutaneous injection and absorption rate?

A)slow and sporadic
B)rapid and sporadic
C)slow and constant
D)rapid and constant

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The process by which the body breaks down matter into more simple components and waste is known as .

A)absorption
B)metabolism
C)synthesis
D)biotransformation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A drug is when it changes from solid to liquid after being mixed with a liquid.

A)dissolved
B)suspended
C)diffused
D)absorbed

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Due to differences in , proper drug dosage is determined by an individual's weight.

A)body fat
B)bone mass
C)body fluid
D)blood volume

Question 5

A drug's dose is calculated according to a person's .

A)age
B)sex
C)tolerance
D)weight

Question 6

People get drunk faster when drinking alcohol on an empty stomach than after they have eaten some food.This difference in response is primarily due to which of the following?

A)distribution
B)absorption
C)diffusion
D)elimination

Question 7

The effect of a drug depends most fundamentally on .

A)body size
B)dosage
C)psychological set
D)lipid profile

Question 8

The presence of food in the stomach absorption and the maximum drug level achieved for orally administered drugs.

A)speeds up; increases
B)speeds up; decreases
C)delays; increases
D)delays; decreases

Question 9

Which of the following is not an advantage of the oral route of drug administration?

A)It is safe.
B)It causes fast absorption.
C)It is convenient.
D)It is economical.

Question 10

Once in the bloodstream, orally administered drugs pass through the before reaching the brain.

A)kidneys
B)liver
C)pancreas
D)pituitary gland

Question 11

When, in a series of events, what happens in a later event alters those preceding it, it is known as a relationship.

A)contingent
B)feedback
C)causal
D)concurrent

Question 12

In research, means to be able to account for variables that may affect the results of a study.

A)independence
B)blindness
C)control
D)none of these

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of an inhalant?

A)nitroglycerin
B)cocaine
C)benzene
D)snuff

Question 14

Which of the following is the easiest drug injection route to use?

A)intramuscular
B)subcutaneous
C)oral
D)intravenous

Question 15

A person who wants to experience the effects of a drug immediately should administer it how?

A)transdermally
B)intravenously
C)nasally
D)sublingually

Question 16

A common street term for injecting a drug intravenously is .

A)freebasing
B)chuffing
C)mainlining
D)tripping

Question 17

The benefits of administering a drug orally must be weighed against the drawbacks relating to .

A)infection
B)elimination
C)time
D)expense

Question 18

When drugs are swallowed, they pass through the stomach and are absorbed in the .

A)small intestine
B)kidneys
C)liver
D)large intestine

Question 19

is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.

A)Pharmacokinetics
B)Psychopharmacology
C)Pharmacodynamics
D)Biochemistry

Question 20

Which of the following is a common site for intramuscular drug injection?

A)buttocks
B)deltoid
C)thigh
D)All of these are correct.

Question 21

is an example of a medication that is administered sublingually.

A)Lithium
B)Nitroglycerin
C)Insulin
D)Prozac

Question 22

The fact that oil and water are not easily mixed is an example of which concept?

A)assimilation
B)solubility
C)elimination
D)diffusibility

Question 23

Which of the following is a method used to administer barbiturates?

A)oral
B)rectal
C)subcutaneous
D)intramuscular
E)All of these are correct.

Question 24

Which of the following drugs is commonly snorted?

A)cocaine
B)heroin
C)tobacco
D)All of these are correct.

Question 25

One way that is administered involves sprinkling it on marijuana and smoking it.

A)PCP
B)MDA
C)LSD
D)psilocybin

Question 26

Which of the following is not a way in which drugs are excreted from the body?

A)directly in the feces
B)in liver bile
C)in mother's milk
D)through the lungs
E)All of these are ways in which drugs are excreted.

Question 27

Which route of drug administration is considered the best overall?

A)intramuscular
B)sublingual
C)oral
D)none

Question 28

Which of the following results has not been demonstrated in needle exchange programs?

A)an increase in IV drug use
B)less needle sharing
C)improved needle cleaning practices
D)All of these have resulted from needle exchange programs.

Question 29

Which of the following systems does not receive major portions of a drug rapidly due to a high volume of drug flow?

A)muscles
B)heart
C)brain
D)kidney

Question 30

A drug that is taken sublingually is .

A)injected just below the skin surface
B)sniffed
C)dropped into the eye
D)placed under the tongue

Question 31

Which of the following affect drug distribution?

A)blood flow
B)fat solubility of the drug
C)diffusibility of membranes
D)All of these are correct.

Question 32

Which of the following conditions lead to more rapid drug absorption?

A)when there is more blood flow at the site of absorption
B)when the absorbing surface is smaller
C)when drugs are taken in suspension, rather than aqueous solution
D)All of these are correct.

Question 33

Which of the following drug states is not suitable for administration via inhalation?

A)suspension
B)gas
C)liquid
D)powder

Question 34

means that the rate at which a drug is metabolized is independent of its concentration in the blood.

A)Zero-order kinetics
B)First-order kinetics
C)First-pass metabolization
D)Bioavailability

Question 35

Enzymes in the are important in the metabolization of drugs.

A)kidneys
B)liver
C)gastrointestinal tract
D)All of these are correct.

Question 36

A drug that is administered transdermally .

A)is placed under the tongue
B)passes through the skin
C)is injected into muscle tissue
D)is sniffed

Question 37

The is the most important organ for excretion of drugs and their metabolites.

A)liver
B)kidney
C)pancreas
D)bowel

Question 38

People who wear a nicotine patch to help them quit smoking receive a dose of the drug through which route of administration?

A)sublingually
B)intranasally
C)transdermally
D)subcutaneously

Question 39

is the portion of the original drug dose that reaches its site of action or that reaches a fluid in the body that gives the drug access to its site of action.

A)Bioavailability
B)Effective dose
C)Therapeutic index
D)Drug potency

Question 40

Which of the following is most rapidly absorbed?

A)drugs taken in solid form
B)drugs taken in suspension
C)drugs taken in water solution
D)drugs taken in oily solution

Question 41

Which of the following drugs can be detected in the system for up to one month following chronic use?

A)opiates
B)benzodiazepines
C)marijuana
D)cocaine

Question 42

Intravenous drug use is an important risk factor for AIDS.

Question 43

The safest of the three methods of injecting drugs is the intravenous method.

Question 44

reflects the amount of latitude there is in a drug dose before a stronger effect is reached.

A)Slope
B)Potency
C)Effective dose
D)Synergism

Question 45

How long can alcohol be detected in the system by using a drug test?

A)up to one day
B)up to one week
C)up to one month
D)None of these are correct.

Question 46

Pharmacokinetics is the branch of pharmacology that concerns the absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion of drugs.

Question 47

Marijuana has a half-life of up to several weeks.

Question 48

What does the pharmacological phrase ED 60 mean?

A)60% of nonhuman lab animals die at this particular dose
B)40% of nonhuman lab animals die at this particular dose
C)60% of the patients who receive a given dose will experience a particular effect
D)40% of the patients who receive a given dose will experience a particular effect

Question 49

Drinking large quantities of water would be an example of an attempt to alter the results of a drug test by .

A)dilution
B)adulteration
C)substitution
D)diffusion

Question 50

is a term referring to the minimum dose of a drug that yields its efficacy.

A)Effective dose
B)Therapeutic index
C)Drug potency
D)Placebo

Question 51

A chronic user of amphetamines would likely their drug of choice.

A)snort
B)smoke
C)inject
D)swallow

Question 52

In , the combined effects of multiple drugs is greater than the sum of the parts.

A)summation
B)potentiation
C)exponentiation
D)antagonism

Question 53

The sublingual route of drug administration is slower and less efficient than oral administration.

Question 54

Discussions related to drug elimination often refer to a unit of measurement known as .

A)come-down cycle
B)metabo-time
C)half-life
D)zero-hour

Question 55

The elimination of a drug from the body often is associated with changes that are opposite to those that were caused by the drug.These are sometimes called .

A)flashbacks
B)rebound effects
C)delirium tremens
D)withdrawal symptoms

Question 56

The therapeutic index is .

A)a list of the effective doses of medications
B)the dosage of a drug needed to produce its intended effect
C)a measure of a drug's safety in medical care
D)computed as the ratio ED 50/ LD 50

Question 57

is a term that refers to the diminished effect of a drug when another drug is present.

A)Antagonism
B)Synergism
C)Potentiation
D)Rebound

Question 58

When a drug is fat soluble, sniffing is a rapid and effective way to absorb it.

Question 59

When administering a drug via inhalation, it is absorbed through the nasal membranes and sinuses.

Question 60

In a prototypic dose-effect curve, the vertical axis refers to the and the horizontal axis refers to the .

A)range of drug doses, effect size
B)effect size, number of drugs
C)number of drugs, effect size
D)effect size, range of drug doses

Question 61

Explain what a dose-effect curve is and how it is used.

Question 62

Recent research has indicated that environmental differences do not seem to play a role in the pharmacokinetics of drug metabolism.

Question 63

Alcohol is considered a zero-order kinetic drug.

Question 64

What are the main methods of drug administration? List one advantage and one disadvantage for each method.

Question 65

Describe the three methods people use to obtain a false-negative result on a drug screening test.

Question 66

A biphasic drug effect occurs when a drug effect first goes in one direction as drug dose increases, but the effect changes direction as drug dose continues to increase.

Question 67

Studies have shown that different ethnic groups may show differences in responsiveness to certain prescription drugs.

Question 68

The effects of alcohol and barbiturates are synergistic and combining the two has led to many accidental deaths.

Question 69

Urine is a common source of biomarkers analyzed in drug testing.

Question 70

The "first-pass effect" refers to drug metabolism in the liver.

Question 71

Amphetamines have an antagonistic effect on alcohol, reducing its impairment of motor skills.

Question 72

Valium is an example of a drug that can easily pass through the blood-brain barrier because it is highly fat soluble.

Question 73

A drug's half-life is the time it takes for a drug's effects to become half as potent.

Question 74

Drug potency refers to the largest amount of a drug than can be taken safely.

Question 75

The transdermal route of drug administration is an effective one for most drugs.

Question 76

Drugs that are more soluble in lipids (fats) are less readily absorbed than other drugs.

Question 77

Explain the types of interactions that can occur when two or more drugs are used.Give an example of drug combinations that can produce each type of response.

Question 78

The amount of time that marijuana can be detected in the body depends upon whether use is acute or chronic.

Question 79

Describe the processes involved in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination.What major organs are involved in these processes?

Question 80

Therapeutic index is a term referring to a drug's utility in medical care and is computed as a ratio (LD 50/ED 50).