Deck 12: Industry and Services

Question 1

England not only held a monopoly over products that were in world demand at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution,but also a monopoly on ____________

A) international transportation.
B) the sources of raw materials.
C) the skill necessary to make the machines that manufactured the products.
D) all available labor.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Some industrial regions emerge because of their raw materials combinations.Which of the following is not an example of such a region?

A) the Ruhr
B) Saxony
C) the Donbas
D) London

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The increase in time and cost with distance is referred to as ________________

A) production costs.
B) distribution costs.
C) friction of distance.
D) distance decay.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The zone of probability for a business is marked by:

A) low income and low cost.
B) low income and high cost.
C) high income and low cost.
D) high income and high cost.

Question 5

Industry diffusing to Western Europe involved,as in Britain,the locational criteria: coalfields,water communication,and ____________

A) iron ore.
B) markets.
C) labor.
D) ports.

Question 6

The first power source of the Industrial Revolution was ________________

A) foot pedals and running water.
B) steam engines.
C) electricity.
D) windmills.

Question 7

Nike,headquartered in Oregon,employs 20,000 people in that state. What percentage are employed in shoe manufacture/assembly?

A) 90
B) 5
C) 25
D) 0

Question 8

Regarding capital flows to Europe in 1775,Lisbon is to S.America and Asia as ____________ is to the Caribbean and S.America.

A) London
B) Bordeaux
C) Cadiz
D) Nantes

Question 9

When Alfred Weber published his book Theory of the Location of Industries (1909),what did he select as the critical determinant of regional industrial location?

A) availability of labor
B) nearby markets
C) costs of labor
D) transportation costs

Question 10

If a substantial number of enterprises all develop in,or move to,the same area the factor is called _______________

A) cluster.
B) focus.
C) agglomeration.
D) intensity.

Question 11

Who actually laid the groundwork for the colonial expansion of Europe?

A) the British Government
B) the French Government
C) Europe's commercial companies
D) Europe's military forces

Question 12

In Britain,the proximity of what three things gave an unsurpassed advantage to the development of early industry?

A) forests for charcoal, domestic markets, and iron ores
B) coal fields, iron ores, and coastal ports
C) an internal railroad system, cotton for textiles, and domestic markets
D) good highways, coal fields, and coastal ports

Question 13

Saxony is to Germany in the 1860s as ____________ is to Ukraine and Russia in the 1880s.

A) Austria
B) the Donbas
C) the Black Sea
D) Selesia

Question 14

The Ruhr industrial area is connected to its port by _______________

A) railroads.
B) cart roads.
C) Rhine River.
D) North Sea.

Question 15

The first railroad in England was opened in ____________

A) 1790.
B) 1810.
C) 1820.
D) 1825.

Question 16

Which of the four classifications of industry must locate where the resources are found?

A) secondary
B) tertiary
C) primary
D) quaternary

Question 17

The relocation of industry to cities like Paris and London was facilitated by ______________

A) their location in coalfields.
B) government grants.
C) low cost of urban labor.
D) development of railroads.

Question 18

Burning coal in a near vacuum produced a much hotter burning,pure carbon fuel called:

A) super coal.
B) coke.
C) charcoal.
D) Bessemer fuel.

Question 19

In 1925,one area of Boston had sales offices for over _____ shoe factories.

A) 300
B) 100
C) 25
D) 3

Question 20

In the early eighteenth century,British textiles were manufactured _____________

A) in India.
B) early rural factories.
C) in large urban factories.
D) in homes on hand looms.

Question 21

In which major world manufacturing country does industry not lie near sources of raw material?

A) China
B) Japan
C) India
D) the United States

Question 22

Raw materials play an important role in industrial location. In the northeastern United States,what is the orientation of this industry?

A) in the mountains where the iron ore is located
B) in the interior for good rail connections
C) along major rivers for a water supply
D) along the coast to facilitate imports of iron ore

Question 23

In 2005,China,Japan,the United States,Russia,and South Korea were the five top producers of ___________

A) coal.
B) titanium.
C) steel.
D) airplanes.

Question 24

This area is one of Russia's oldest manufacturing centers.

A) Ukraine
B) Volga
C) Urals
D) St. Petersburg

Question 25

The Rust Belt is to the United States as the ___________ is to China.

A) Kanto Plain
B) Shanghai Basin
C) Northeast District
D) Nanchang Region

Question 26

Japan became the world's second largest economy with 1/2 of the population of the United States and _____ of the land area.

A) 1/2
B) 1/4
C) 1/12
D) 1/25

Question 27

Russia's "Detroit" southeast of Moscow:

A) Kiev.
B) St. Petersburg.
C) Nizhni Novgorod.
D) Rostov.

Question 28

Canada's industrial southern Ontario links two parts of the U.S.Manufacturing Belt: Buffalo and __________

A) Cleveland.
B) Detroit.
C) Chicago.
D) Pittsburgh.

Question 29

Hotelling's location analysis emphasized the role of _______________

A) locational interdependence.
B) raw materials.
C) labor.
D) markets.

Question 30

Although no match for Canada's Ontario industrial district,the one great advantage of the Montreal area is ____________

A) a location between Canadian and U.S. industrial areas.
B) location on the Saint Lawrence Seaway.
C) cheap hydroelectric power.
D) development of specialty manufacturing such as optical products and cameras.

Question 31

Manufacturing in North America began in _____ as early as late colonial times.

A) New York
B) Boston
C) Philadelphia
D) New England

Question 32

New York City,like other large urban centers with great ports,is called a break of bulk location because ____________

A) plentiful labor is available to unload massive cargo ships.
B) markets are readily available for shipped goods.
C) large dock warehouses are available where goods can be stored until sold.
D) transported cargo can be transferred from one kind of carrier to another.

Question 33

The Kansai district is found along _____________,Japan's major waterway.

A) the Sea of Japan
B) the Seto Inland Sea
C) the Tokyo-Yokohama Canal
D) the Edo-gawa (River)

Question 34

Mass production of standardized goods using assembly line techniques is referred to as: ____________

A) Fordist.
B) manufacturing.
C) global production.
D) mass production.

Question 35

Industrialization occurred along an axis from Northern France through North-Central Germany to Czech Republic and South Poland. This axis correlates with ________ as a locational factor.

A) population
B) coalfields
C) major ports
D) the trend of the drainage system

Question 36

Japan's dominant industrial region is ____________

A) Kitakyushu.
B) Toyama.
C) Kanto Plain.
D) Kansai.

Question 37

After World War I,this region produced about 90 percent of the coal needed to help the then Soviet Union industrialize.

A) Krivoy Rog
B) Siberia
C) Ukraine
D) Kuzbas

Question 38

Saxony (Leipzig and Dresden)emphasize this type of manufacturing:

A) chemical.
B) heavy industry.
C) food processing.
D) light industry (e.g. optics and ceramics).

Question 39

Europe's greatest industrial complex is _______________

A) the Ruhr.
B) British Midlands.
C) Silesia.
D) Berlin.

Question 40

In the United States,most interstate oil pipelines originate:

A) in Pennsylvania.
B) in New Mexico.
C) along the Gulf of Mexico in Texas and Louisiana.
D) in the Appalachian Mountains.

Question 41

The type of manufacturing that is more likely to be located in peripheral countries is ____________

A) technical design.
B) labor-intensive.
C) low-labor needs.
D) high-tech.

Question 42

Fayetteville,Arkansas has become a ________________ because of Wal-Mart.

A) break-of-bulk point
B) techno pole
C) growth pole
D) the most polluted city in America

Question 43

People working in the ___________ sector of economic activity tend to have high levels of specialized knowledge or technical skills.

A) quaternary
B) tertiary
C) secondary
D) primary

Question 44

Fast,flexible production of small lots with outsourcing around the world is referred to as: ____________

A) Fordist.
B) post-Fordist.
C) socialist.
D) colonial production.

Question 45

The most important locational factor for the service sector is _________________

A) energy.
B) transportation.
C) market.
D) labor.

Question 46

Television research and design takes place in the ______________

A) core area.
B) periphery.
C) semi-periphery.
D) universities of India and China.

Question 47

Current amounts of goods and resources moving in the global system would be impossible without the invention of _____________

A) aircraft.
B) container systems.
C) bulk cargo ships.
D) railroads.

Question 48

Technopoles tend to locate near ______________

A) raw materials.
B) cheap labor.
C) electricity supplies.
D) centers of research and development (major research universities).

Question 49

High-technology corridors have sprung up in the global economic core. The resulting collection of high-tech industries has been called a tehcnopole with the best known being California's "Silicon Valley." A similar concentration has appeared around the city of ______________ in the eastern United States.

A) New York
B) Philadelphia
C) Richmond
D) Boston

Question 50

In 2008,Saudi Arabia and _____________ were the world's two largest oil producers.

A) Iran
B) Iraq
C) Mexico
D) Russia

Question 51

U.S.oil reserves are estimated to be ____% of the world's total.

A) 25
B) 18
C) 8
D) 4

Question 52

China's "Pittsburgh" is ______________

A) Shenyang.
B) Shanghai.
C) Hong Kong.
D) Beijing.

Question 53

By 1990,the only American company that was making color television sets was _______________

A) Motorola.
B) Zenith.
C) General Electric.
D) Toshiba.

Question 54

Technopoles,a collection of high-technology industries,can be found in a number of countries. Which of the following is not a region containing one of these countries?

A) Eastern Asia
B) Africa
C) Australia
D) North America

Question 55

During the 1970s,U.S.television manufacturers began to move productions "offshore" to places such as special zones on the Mexican border called ______________

A) industrial cities.
B) peripheral production zones.
C) technopoles.
D) maquiladoras.

Question 56

Between 1940 and the early 1960s,China's industrial growth was aided by ______________

A) Soviet planners.
B) the location of raw materials.
C) improved transportation.
D) the distribution of the work force.

Question 57

The second largest industrial district in China developed around _______,China's largest city.

A) Beijing
B) Shanghai
C) Tianjin
D) Xianggang

Question 58

Which country is almost completely dependent upon imported oil/natural gas?

A) Netherlands
B) Russia
C) United States
D) Japan

Question 59

Over 50% of the goods entering Europe come through two ports in _______________

A) Luxembourg.
B) Belgium.
C) Netherlands.
D) Germany.

Question 60

Service industries are commonly referred to as _____ industries.

A) tertiary
B) secondary
C) quaternary
D) quinary

Question 61

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? What were the conditions which supported its development? To what areas of Europe did the revolution spread and why?

Question 62

The Seto Inland Sea is an important route-way and focal point of Japan's industry.

Question 63

The northeast industrial region of China (Shenyang)is today growing faster than other industrial regions in China.

Question 64

Japan has developed its industrial economy due to its abundant supplies of coal and iron ore.

Question 65

Most of China's recent industrial growth feeds the growing domestic market.

Question 66

The cast iron bridge at Coalbrookdale,England,reflects origin of the Indus River.

Question 67

China is a major recipient of industrial work outsourced from other countries.

Question 68

The shift from coal to oil explains the recent industrialization of the Middle East.

Question 69

Weber's industrial location theory considered labor to be the most important cost.

Question 70

Industry actually developed long before the Industrial Revolution.

Question 71

Since 1960,the Ruhr has entered a stage of rapid deindustrialization.

Question 72

Describe the American Manufacturing Belt. When and how did this region develop? What impact has post-Fordism and deindustrialization had on this region?

Question 73

At the beginning of World War I,the United States was far behind Europe in developing an industrial base.

Question 74

Technopoles locate near major universities and centers of research and development.

Question 75

Over 300 regional trade organizations are in existence today.

Question 76

St.Petersburg is one of Russia's oldest manufacturing centers.

Question 77

Does shifting to a post-industrial society necessarily lead to economic decline in a country? What changes in economy and what effects does the shift have on the structure of the labor force and on regional economies based on primary,secondary,and tertiary activities?

Question 78

New York's port is small,used for passengers and does not serve as break-of-bulk location.

Question 79

What is outsourcing? What is offshore production? Choose an industry (televisions,Nike shoes,etc.)and discuss the global division of labor.

Question 80

Global division of labor is a feature of post-Fordist stage of industrialization.