Deck 5: Prediction and Association

Question 1

For Pearson correlation coefficients, you should report all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Direction of the association (positive or negative)
B)Strength of the association (strong, weak, etc.)
C)The actual value of r
D)Degrees of freedom
E)Level of significance
F)You actually need all of the above.

Answer 1

F

Question 2

If your data don't meet the assumptions for a Pearson r correlation coefficient, an appropriate action you can take is:

A)Run the analysis anyway.
B)Calculate z-scores for both variables.
C)Change your data to meet the assumptions.
D)Make a scatterplot but don't calculate the correlation coefficient.
E)Consider a Spearman's rho correlation coefficient instead.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT true?

A)Correlation coefficients range from -1 to +1.
B)Correlation coefficients less than -0.7 are considered weak.
C)Correlation coefficients between -0.3 and +0.3 are considered weak.
D)Correlation coefficients greater than +0.7 are considered strong.
E)Correlation coefficients with an absolute value of +0.7 are considered strong.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When you have a significance level < .001, SPSS reports:

A)0.000
B)< .001
C).001
D).0001
E)The exact level of significance.

Question 5

A correlation coefficient of -0.8 would be considered what kind of correlation?

A)No correlation
B)A weak correlation
C)A moderate correlation
D)A somewhat strong correlation
E)A strong correlation

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an assumption for calculating a Pearson r?

A)Both variables should be measured on interval or ratio scales.
B)Only one variable should be normally distributed.
C)Both variables should be normally distributed.
D)The relationship between the variables should be linear.

Question 7

True/: All researchers prefer positive correlations over negative correlations.

Question 8

In simple linear regression,

A)The correlation coefficient changes if you switch the independent and dependent variables.
B)It doesn't matter which variable is dependent and which is independent.
C)Only the independent variable can be dichotomous.
D)Only the dependent variable can be dichotomous.
E)Both variables can be dichotomous.

Question 9

The type of variable NOT allowed when calculating a Spearman correlation coefficient is:

A)Nominal
B)Ordinal
C)Ratio
D)Interval
E)Rank

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT another way to refer to the Pearson Correlation Coefficient?

A)Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
B)Pearson rank correlation coefficient
C)Pearson r
D)R or r

Question 11

The correlation of a variable with itself will always be:

A)0.5
B)-0.5
C)1
D)-1
E)It will be different depending on the variable.

Question 12

Bivariate correlations refer to:

A)Only Pearson's r.
B)Any type of correlation.
C)Correlations calculated with one variable.
D)Correlations calculated between two variables.
E)Correlations calculated with at least three variables.

Question 13

Degrees of freedom for the Spearman Correlation Coefficient is:

A)N
B)N-1
C)N-2
D)N+1
E)N+2

Question 14

If the correlations are identified as significant (with asterisks), that means:

A)You have a strong and reliable relationship between the two variables.
B)You have a strong and reliable relationship between the three variables.
C)You have a statistically significant, but not necessarily strong, correlation between the two variables.
D)You have a reliable, but not necessarily strong, correlation between the three variables.
E)You have a strong, but not necessarily reliable, correlation between the three variables.

Question 15

Which of the following is/are TRUE? (select all that apply)

A)There are no degrees of freedom for correlation because SPSS does not report it.
B)There are degrees of freedom for a correlation only if SPSS reports it.
C)Degrees of freedom are calculated using the population size.
D)Degrees of freedom are calculated using the sample size.
E)Degrees of freedom are always reported in a summary.

Question 16

What is a correlation matrix?

A)It is a table of the correlations between a list of variables.
B)It is a table of the normal distributions of the different variables in the output.
C)It is the name of a table in Excel in case you need to switch software.
D)It is an additional test to run after you find the correlation.
E)It is a test to run if you don't meet the assumptions for a Pearson r.