Deck 8: Attitudes

Question 1

In regards to attitude-behavior correspondence, which of the following is not an element of both an attitude and a behavior?

A)Action
B)Object
C)Judgment
D)Context

Answer 1

Judgment

Question 2

When asked to explain his attitudes on many topics, such as the death penalty, welfare reform, and abortion, Sean relies on his faith in God and the Bible to justify his position.Sean's attitudes rest on a _____________.

A)Foundational belief
B)Primitive belief
C)Sentiment relation
D)Evaluative belief

Answer 2

Primitive belief

Question 3

Attitudes serve a number of important functions, including _____________.

A)Providing a heuristic for simple and efficient means of evaluation
B)The expression of basic values that reinforce self-image
C)Preventing individuals from certain thoughts or feelings that may be damaging to their self-esteem
D)All of the above

Answer 3

All of the above

Question 4

Media is commonly cited as influencing attitudes, however there is no data to support this claim.

Question 5

Terry's son came home with a new pet spider.Upon seeing it, Terry's skin crawled and he recoiled.He instantly demanded his son return the spider to the store.Terry's behavior is likely guided by _____________.

A)An implicit attitude
B)A primitive belief
C)A heuristic
D)Either A or

Question 6

Owen is friends with both Tam and Franco.Tam is a long-time childhood friend while Franco is a friend from work.Owen hosts a dinner party where Tam and Franco end up arguing and decide that they dislike each other.According to the balance theory, Own restore balance in all of the following ways EXCEPT?

A)Owen can decide that he no longer wants to be friends with Tam
B)Owen can decide that Franco doesn't really know Tam, so Franco's opinion about Tam is irrelevant
C)Owen can decide to make distinctions between dinner parties for "childhood friends" and those for "work friends"
D)Owen can decide to no longer host dinner parties

Question 7

Growing up, Megan's dad stayed home with her and her two siblings while her mother worked as an engineer.Now as an adult, Megan finds herself frustrated with the typically "boy" and "girl" division in the toys marketed towards her young children.Megan's attitudes about gender roles were likely shaped through _____________.

A)Observational learning
B)Instrumental conditioning
C)Classical conditioning
D)Situational constraints

Question 8

________________ is the way in which other people's anticipated reactions to a person's attitudes influences that person's behavior.

A)Attitude-behavior correspondence
B)Balance theory
C)Situational Constraint
D)The theory of cognitive dissonance

Question 9

Pete loves his daughter, but he does not like the sweater she so carefully knit for him.In this structure, Pete has a positive _____________to his daughter, and a negative _____________to the sweater.

A)Sentiment relation; sentiment relation
B)Unit relation; unit relation
C)Unit relation; sentiment relation
D)Sentiment relation; unit relation

Question 10

Heath is vegan, and feels that it is the best way to eat.Je believes that harming (and domesticating) animals is morally wrong.He also believes that relying only on plant-based sources of food is best for the earth, and he feels that consuming animal-based products is unhealthy.Finally, he believes that if everyone were vegan we would have less hunger in the world.This is an example of _____________.

A)Vertical structure
B)Horizontal structure
C)Primitive beliefs
D)Unit relations

Question 11

Classical conditioning, or the association of stimuli and response, plays an important role in our unconscious reactions to stimuli.

Question 12

Katie is looking to buy a tractor for her orchard.The farm store employee initially offers her a used tractor for $10,000.Katie agrees.Upon reading the contract, Katie learns that the employee did not include the price of the tillers and mower, bringing the price to $12,500.Katie realizes that the farm employee has used the __________ strategy to make a sale.

A)Vertical structure
B)Low-balling
C)Sentimental unit
D)Foot-in-the-door

Question 13

When the cognitive and affective components are aligned, attitudes become more stable and thus less susceptible to persuasion.

Question 14

Sidra believes that marijuana should be legal in the U.S.and smokes on the weekends.When she moves to a new city and befriends the other interns in the office, she learns that her new friend group does not believe in legalizing marijuana.Given this reference group's attitude on marijuana, Sidra is likely to ______________.

A)Smoke less frequently than she did in her old city
B)Smoke as frequently as she did in her old city
C)Smoke more frequently than she did in her old city
D)Post "legalize marijuana" fliers in her office

Question 15

Caleb is on the junior class's dance planning committee.All other members would like to have a dance with a traditional theme like Spring Fling, but Caleb secretly would like to have a 1990's cartoon themed dance.Situational constraints would likely exert the weakest influence over Caleb's decisions to voice his counter opinion in which scenario?

A)Caleb in a conversation with one other committee member
B)Caleb in a meeting with the entire planning committee
C)Caleb is a high self monitor (someone who strategically constructs his public image)
D)Both B and C

Question 16

To experience dissonance, a person must:

A)Be committed to a belief or course of action
B)Believe that he or she chose to act voluntarily
C)Believe that he or she is responsible for the outcome of the decision
D)All of the above

Question 17

Beliefs, which are a component of attitudes, often cannot be proven true or false.

Question 18

Regardless of their self-esteem, individuals who have self-esteem threatening experiences will likely shift their attitudes.

Question 19

Mariah wants to join the military because she feels it is her duty to serve her country, but she knows that her family would be upset with this decision because they don't feel it's an appropriate career for a woman.Instead, Mariah chooses to enroll at the local college and earn a nursing degree.This is an example of _____________.

A)Behavior being influenced by situational constraints
B)Behavior being influenced by the consistency between the affective and evaluative components
C)Behavior being influenced by subjective norms
D)Either A or C

Question 20

Pete loves his daughter, but he does not like the sweater she so carefully knit for him.To resolve this imbalance, balance theory suggests that Pete will likely _____________.

A)Decide he does not love his daughter that much
B)"Accidentally" shrink the sweater so it no longer fits
C)Decide he likes the sweater
D)Tell his daughter he does not like the sweater

Question 21

We often like to believe that our behavior is guided by our attitudes, but research suggests that there is only a moderate correlation between attitudes and behavior.What are three of the five possible reasons for this lower-than-expected correlation? Give an example of each from your life or the text.

Question 22

Research shows that high school and college students are relatively good at assessing the difference between "real news" and "fake news" on Facebook, evidence of high online reasoning skills.

Question 23

A vertical structure between beliefs and an attitude are more difficult to change than those with a horizontal structure.

Question 24

Advertisers uses classical conditioning to associate products or brands with positive feelings.

Question 25

Identify the four characteristics of an attitude that may influence the attitude-behavior relationship, and illustrate two of these characteristics using either examples from your own life or the chapter.

Question 26

Where do our attitudes come from? Identify the three main ways attitudes develop.Then, using an attitude or attitudes that you hold, illustrate two of these ways.

Question 27

Chris and Mel go shopping for cheese to serve at their apartment warming party.Chris wants to make the best possible decision whereas Mel is happy with any of the options at the cheese store.Chris is more likely to experience postdecisional dissonance than Mel.

Question 28

Balance theory proposes that when a dissonant relationship exists between two cognitive elements, tension will result and individuals will be motivated to restore balance.

Question 29

"I really like Mary-Kate.She loves Notre Dame football just as much as I do!" The relations in this three-element cognitive structure are best described as unit relations.

Question 30

Alfred, a successful businessperson and White man, has the attitude that the U.S.is post-racial, meaning that racism and racial bias no longer exists.By attributing his success to his efforts rather than a product of a racist society, Alfred's attitude functions to protect his self-esteem

Question 31

Discuss how attitudes can be both vertically and horizontally structured, and how these structures relate to changes in attitudes.

Question 32

A sales person offers June a free sample.When June accepts, the sales person asks June to sign up for the company's weekly emails.The sales person is using a technique known as low-balling.

Question 33

Jamal thinks of himself as an environmentalist, but he drives an old pick-up truck that gets very low gas mileage.Jamal likely experiences cognitive dissonance.

Question 34

Private behaviors, which are less visible, tend to have a greater level of consistency with attitudes.

Question 35

Explain what an attitude is.Then, choose an attitude that you hold, and use this attitude to illustrate the three components of attitudes.