Deck 15: Understanding Groups

Question 1

Intergroup conflict was reduced in the Robber's Cave study through _____________.

A)A superordinate goal
B)Positive group stereotyping
C)Out-group homogeneity
D)Reducing the ultimate attribution error

Answer 1

A superordinate goal

Question 2

Goal isomorphism impedes the attainment of individual goals.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Primary groups tend to have more specific, less diffuse goals than secondary groups.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What type of conformity did the naïve participants display in Asch's famous "line studies"?

A)Informational influence
B)Public and private compliance
C)Public acceptance without private compliance
D)Public compliance without private acceptance

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an example of a group?

A)Persons in a theater crowd escaping in panic
B)A cashier and customer during the checkout process
C)A parent-teacher association at an elementary school
D)Both A and B

Question 6

Kelvin plays the violin in his city's youth orchestra.The orchestra practices three times a week and holds seasonal concerts.Which of the following characteristics best describes the orchestra as a group?

A)Small in size
B)Informal
C)Few emotional ties
D)Personal

Question 7

Lucia joins a bowling league and is randomly assigned to play on Team Crusher.She immediately begins to view the Crushers more positively than other teams.Team assignment is an example of _____________and her views are best explained by _____________

A)Minimal group paradigm; the ultimate attribution error
B)Minimal group paradigm; social identity theory
C)Ethnocentrism; social identity theory
D)Ethnocentrism; the ultimate attribution error

Question 8

In which case will intergroup contact fail to improve intergroup relations?

A)One group takes on a high-status leadership role
B)There is institutional support for the contact
C)Contact is sustained over a long period
D)Group members shift their attitudes to match their contact behavior

Question 9

The men's varsity volleyball team has a tradition in which team members are encouraged to dye their hair blue for the entire season.Who is least likely to conform to this tradition (assume that all are reluctant to dye their hair)?

A)Hakim, who is the only person on the team that has not yet dyed his hair
B)Robert, who learns that one other member of the team has refused to dye his hair
C)Antonio, who is not attracted to the group, although he expects to be part of the team for the next four years.
D)Rod, who is the least skilled player on the team.

Question 10

The manager of a circus company suggests performing in South America for their next tour and several members enthusiastically nod in agreement.The trapeze artist would prefer to go to Scandinavia, but ends of agreeing with the manager.Which factor best explains the trapeze artist's conformity?

A)Spenser plans to work with the trope for the next five years
B)Spenser believes that the manager has more experience in scheduling tours than she does
C)Of the seven members in the company, all others agree with the manager's suggestion
D)All of the above

Question 11

Placing people in minimal groups is sufficient to produce discrimination.

Question 12

The conformity demonstrated in Asch's line study was due to normative influence more than informational influence.

Question 13

In the ultimate attribution error, positive events are attributed to _____________factors for in-group members but not for out-group members.

A)Internal and unstable
B)Internal and stable
C)External and unstable
D)External and stable

Question 14

Social cohesion tends to be greater when group members are similar to each other.

Question 15

Which of the following BEST describes the effect illustrated in the Robbers' Cave Study?

A)Out-group homogeneity
B)Leadership militancy
C)Realistic Conflict theory
D)Ultimate attribution error

Question 16

Keisha and Myrtle are taking part in a study using Sherif's autokinetic effect paradigm.Keisha does the study in a group with three other people whereas Myrtle does the study alone.Just like in the original studies, Keisha's estimates of how far the pinpoint of light moved are _____________ the estimates of the other three other people than Myrtle's, due to _____________ influence.

A)more similar to; normative
B)more similar to; informational
C)more different from; rejecting
D)more different from; informational

Question 17

Taylor and Katy are alpha females in their industry and the center of their respective groups of colleagues and collaborators.They are competing over a major sponsorship deal and end up feuding.Which outcome is most likely as a result of this intergroup conflict?

A)Katy makes winning the sponsorship the priority for her group
B)Taylor instates social media restrictions, fearing that posts could reveal strategic plans, on her group
C)The members of Katy's group establish closer bonds with one another
D)All of the above

Question 18

In highly cohesive groups, who is most likely to be productive?

A)A group based on task cohesion
B)A group based on social cohesion
C)A group with a strong sense of group pride
D)A group in which members are similar to one another

Question 19

Fran joined a book club in his new city and met close friends through it.He continued to attend the book club because he enjoyed spending time with these friends.One month, everyone else suggested the same book for next time.Although Fran preferred to read a different book, he ultimately conformed to their suggestion in order to remain in the group's good favor.Fran's connection to the book club can best be described as __________ cohesion and ___________ influence impacted his suggested for next month's book.

A)Social; normative
B)Social; informational
C)Task; normative
D)Task; informational

Question 20

Given the increasing popularity of snowboarding as an international sport, an energy drink company sponsors four new snowboarders and terminates contracts with seven skiers.As a result, the old skiers resent the new snowboarders and post negative comments about them online.______________ best explains this intergroup conflict.

A)Social identity theory
B)Social dominance theory
C)Group positon theory
D)None of the above

Question 21

In World War II, White soldiers had more positive attitudes toward the Black soldiers who fought together with them as long as they were able to maintain a higher-status position, rather than when there was equality between them.

Question 22

Define group cohesion and discuss the factors that influence cohesion.What makes a group cohesive? What are the different types of cohesion, and under what conditions is each type most effective? What consequences are likely to emerge if cohesiveness is low?

Question 23

A person's actual competence is more important than their presumed competence as a factor to reduce conformity.

Question 24

Lou and Mel are members of the Gold Team.Krishna and Jackson are members of the Blue Team.Both teams perform equally well in a jelly bean counting contest.After watching each other's performances, Lou and Mel will believe that the Gold Team performed better whereas Krishna and Jackson will believe that the Blue Team performed better.

Question 25

Lynne recently started college.In her economics class, she was assigned a class project with a team of three other students.She joins a sorority and becomes close friends with her sorority sisters.Her project team in class represents a primary group whereas her sorority represents a secondary group.

Question 26

Antoni is first generation Italian-American.He views Italian-Americans as the center of his world and overall superior to other European migrants.Antoni demonstrates ethnocentrism.

Question 27

Samira would like people of all genders to have equal pay in the workplace.She volunteers for a nonprofit that performs workplace trainings to reduce the gender pay gap.The compatibility between Samira's goals and the nonprofit's goals is known as goal isomorphism.

Question 28

Intergroup conflict tends to threaten or reduce cohesion within groups.

Question 29

What are three factors that influence group conformity? Provide an example of each.

Question 30

What are group norms? Describe three functions of group norms.Illustrate the three functions of group norms using examples from a group to which you belong.

Question 31

According to research, one way to increase group conformity would be to expose people to a picture of an accountant.

Question 32

Describe the method and results of the two classic studies of group conformity (Asch line study, Sherif autokinetic effect study).What type of influence operated in each study?

Question 33

Darren presumes that he is more competent in engine repairs than others are in his mechanics class.Due to his presumed mechanics, he is less likely to conform to the group when working on engine repairs.

Question 34

According to the social dominance theory, intergroup conflict emerges when a group fears its position compared to another group may change in ways that threaten its prerogatives.

Question 35

Identify the three sources of intergroup conflict.How does each source of conflict lead to conflict?