Deck 2: Portrait of the Atmosphere

Question 1

The atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen molecules.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

CFCs are toxic gases made by people.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The height of the equatorial tropopause is roughly 18 kilometers.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

Question 5

The Air Quality Index (AQI) scale indicates atmospheric pressure.

Question 6

The problem with the ozonosphere was known since the 1920s, but wasn't taken seriously until 1974.

Question 7

Particulate matter is an aerosol.

Question 8

In the stratosphere air flows mostly horizontally.

Question 9

The higher the molecular density of air, the lower the air pressure.

Question 10

On average, the Dead Sea has the highest air pressure on Earth.

Question 11

Aurora australis occurs in the Northern Hemisphere.

Question 12

The Air Quality Index ranks air quality by its effects on human health.

Question 13

The environmental lapse rate in the troposphere is 6.5 degrees Celsius per 1,000 meters.

Question 14

The tropopause is higher above Earth's surface at the poles than at the equator.

Question 15

Nitrogen molecules in the atmosphere are a type of aerosol.

Question 16

Northern lights occur in the mesosphere.

Question 17

CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) are gases that occur naturally in the atmosphere.

Question 18

Methane is a greenhouse gas.

Question 19

China is among the world leaders in cleaning up its polluted air, even though many Chinese cities have some of the world's worst air quality.

Question 20

Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas.

Question 21

Volcanoes make acid rain pollution.

Question 22

The aurora occur because Earth's magnetic field is protecting us from the solar wind.

Question 23

Clouds are composed of __________.

A)water vapor
B)aerosols
C)nitrogen
D)CFCs

Question 24

The height of the polar tropopause is roughly 8 kilometers.

Question 25

A greenhouse gas absorbs and emits heat.

Question 26

Ozone molecules form naturally in the stratosphere.

Question 27

According to this figure, ultraviolet rays do what?

A)form ozone molecules
B)break apart ozone molecules
C)break apart CFC molecules
D)ultraviolet rays do all of the above

Question 28

Oxygen is a greenhouse gas.

Question 29

Which statement is not true of the exosphere?

A)It is the top-most layer of the atmosphere that fades to outer space.
B)Some gas molecules escape from it out to space.
C)It is where meteors burn up as they enter the atmosphere from space.
D)There is almost no air pressure.

Question 30

Temperatures in upper reaches of the thermosphere are as high as _________ degrees Celsius.

A)100
B)550
C)1,200
D)2,100

Question 31

Northern lights are also called aurora borealis.

Question 32

Ground-level ozone is harmless.Stratospheric ozone is harmful to people.

Question 33

Tropos in Greek means to turn over and to mix.

Question 34

Ozone molecules break apart naturally in the stratosphere.

Question 35

PM_{10<\sub> is more unhealthy than PM2.5<\sub>.}

Question 36

Most anthropogenic pollutants come from burning fossil fuels.

Question 37

Most meteors burn up in the mesosphere.

Question 38

Gases enter the atmosphere through gas sinks.

Question 39

Water vapor can occupy up to 4% of the atmosphere by volume.

Question 40

The atmosphere is kept pinned to Earth by gravity.

Question 41

Which is a methane sink?

A)photosynthesis
B)ultraviolet radiation
C)the oceans
D)rainfall

Question 42

Which is a water-vapor sink?

A)evaporation
B)condensation
C)ultraviolet radiation
D)fossil fuels

Question 43

What did the Montreal Protocol mandate?

A)the phaseout of CFCs
B)the phaseout of fossil fuels
C)the cleaning up of sulfur dioxide
D)the phaseout of ground-level ozone

Question 44

Referring to the map, what causes particulate matter to be high in eastern Asia?

A)dust storms
B)industrial emissions
C)agricultural emissions
D)photochemical reactions

Question 45

What is a radiosonde?

A)a scientific instrument attached to a balloon
B)a type of radar
C)a scientific instrument attached to an ocean buoy
D)a scientific instrument attached to a satellite

Question 46

Under the Montreal Protocol, CFCs have mostly been replaced by what chemical?

A)methane
B)HFCs
C)fluorine
D)carbon dioxide

Question 47

Which is an ozone sink?

A)photosynthesis
B)condensation
C)ultraviolet radiation
D)fossil fuels

Question 48

Which molecule does not occur naturally?

A)ozone
B)methane
C)carbon dioxide
D)CFCs and HFCs

Question 49

At sea level there is\are __________ kilogram(s) per square centimeter of air pressure on average.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 50

The Clean Air Act was first enacted in __________.

A)1963
B)1970
C)1977
D)1990

Question 51

__________ facilitate(s) a reduction of ozone in the ozonosphere.

A)Particulate matter
B)Nacreous clouds
C)High atmospheric density
D)The presence of nitrogen dioxide

Question 52

Which pollutant causes acid rain?

A)carbon monoxide
B)ground-level ozone
C)VOCs
D)sulfur dioxide

Question 53

Which is a natural source of carbon dioxide?

A)photosynthesis
B)volcanic activity
C)fossil fuel combustion
D)ultraviolet radiation

Question 54

Which atom comes from a CFC molecule and breaks ozone apart?

A)fluorine
B)chlorine
C)carbon
D)oxygen

Question 55

The gas that causes ozonosphere thinning is __________.

A)methane
B)ozone
C)CFCs
D)carbon dioxide

Question 56

The main source of anthropogenic carbon monoxide in urban areas is __________.

A)automobiles
B)coal burning
C)burning agricultural wastes and forests
D)unburned gasoline

Question 57

Which is not a primary pollutant?

A)carbon monoxide
B)nitrogen dioxide
C)ground-level ozone
D)sulfur dioxide

Question 58

Which molecule comes from bacterial decomposition?

A)ozone
B)methane
C)carbon dioxide
D)CFCs and HFCs

Question 59

The main source of VOCs is __________.

A)burning of vegetation
B)burning of coal and gasoline
C)incomplete burning of gasoline
D)chemical reactions in sunlight

Question 60

Which is not an example of particulate matter?

A)dust
B)smoke
C)ozone
D)pollen

Question 61

According to the figure, chlorine atoms change ozone molecules to what?

A)oxygen molecules and oxygen atoms
B)CFC molecules
C)more ozone molecules
D)chlorine atoms

Question 62

Which is not a greenhouse gas?

A)water vapor
B)oxygen
C)methane
D)ozone

Question 63

The division between the thermosphere and the exosphere is called the __________.

A)tropopause
B)stratopause
C)mesopause
D)thermopause

Question 64

Referring to Table 2.4, which of the following pollutants can cause cardiovascular disease?

A)carbon monoxide
B)particulate matter
C)ground-level ozone
D)sulfur dioxide

Question 65

Which is a main characteristic of the stratosphere?

A)strong vertical mixing
B)permanent temperature inversion
C)where meteors burn up
D)where all the weather occurs

Question 66

Which of the following is a factor that concentrates air pollution?

A)oceans
B)temperature inversions
C)vegetation
D)wind

Question 67

Which is a nitrous oxide sink?

A)photosynthesis
B)condensation
C)ultraviolet radiation
D)soil bacteria

Question 68

The temperature at the top of the mesosphere is about __________ degrees Celsius.

A)0
B)-40
C)-60
D)-90

Question 69

The temperature at the top of the troposphere is about __________ degrees Celsius.

A)0
B)-20
C)-40
D)-60

Question 70

Which is photochemical smog?

A)sulfur dioxide
B)ground-level ozone
C)nitrogen dioxide
D)VOCs

Question 71

The main source of particulate matter in the United States is __________.

A)coal burning
B)industrial processes
C)transportation
D)windblown dust

Question 72

Which is an anthropogenic source of carbon dioxide?

A)photosynthesis
B)volcanoes
C)fossil fuels
D)anaerobic bacteria

Question 73

The ozonosphere is anticipated to return to 1980 levels by about the year __________.

A)2020
B)2040
C)2060
D)2080

Question 74

The division between the troposphere and the stratosphere is called the __________.

A)tropopause
B)stratopause
C)mesopause
D)thermopause

Question 75

The Karman line defines what?

A)the line where temperature in the upper atmosphere begins rising with altitude
B)the half-way point between Earth's surface and the top of the atmosphere
C)the "top" of the atmosphere
D)the "top" of the troposphere

Question 76

Referring to the map, what causes particulate matter to be high in the Sahara in northern Africa?

A)dust storms
B)industrial emissions
C)agricultural emissions
D)photochemical reactions

Question 77

The lowest-most layer of the atmosphere is called the __________.

A)mesosphere
B)stratosphere
C)thermosphere
D)troposphere

Question 78

A primary pollutant is defined as __________.

A)a pollutant that is toxic to humans
B)a pollutant that enters the air or water directly from the source
C)a pollutant that has been altered by reactions with other pollutants
D)a pollutant that is emitted by natural sources such as volcanoes

Question 79

Which is a CFC source?

A)human activity
B)condensation
C)ultraviolet radiation
D)soil bacteria

Question 80

Referring to the map, what causes particulate matter to be high in northern India?

A)dust storms
B)industrial emissions
C)agricultural emissions
D)photochemical reactions