Deck 14: Building the Crust With Rocks

Question 1

Coal is the most economically valuable sedimentary rock.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Disposal of fracking fluid by injecting it into the ground causes earthquakes.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Flux melting only occurs in subduction zones.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Salt is a type of sedimentary rock.

Question 5

In the rock cycle, it is possible to make sedimentary rocks from metamorphic rocks.

Question 6

All igneous rocks originate either through decompression melting or flux melting.

Question 7

In the rock cycle, eventually all rocks become metamorphic rocks.

Question 8

Aphanitic rocks have large, well-developed crystals.

Question 9

Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia is the largest exposed evaporite deposit in the world.

Question 10

Sediments are broken and unconsolidated fragments of rock.

Question 11

Most rocks are composed of one or more minerals cemented and interlocked together.

Question 12

Exposed bedrock is called an outcrop.

Question 13

Fossils provide information about evolution and extinction on Earth.

Question 14

All igneous rocks form directly from cooled lava.

Question 15

Obsidian is a mineral.

Question 16

Extrusive igneous rock is an example of a phaneritic rock.

Question 17

The majority of metamorphic rocks must be exhumed in order to be exposed on the surface.

Question 18

All igneous rocks form directly from cooled magma.

Question 19

Rhyolite and andesite are aphanitic rocks.

Question 20

In the rock cycle, eventually all rocks become sedimentary rocks.

Question 21

Hydraulic fracturing or fracking is a technique that is used to extract oil and gas that is trapped in shale.

Question 22

In the rock cycle, rocks always start as igneous rocks, then lithify into sedimentary rocks, then conclude as metamorphic rocks.

Question 23

Phaneritic rocks are igneous rocks that cool slowly deep in the crust.

Question 24

Coal is an economically important rock.

Question 25

Aphanitic rocks are igneous rocks that cool quickly on or near the crust's surface.

Question 26

According to the principle of superposition, in a stacked sequence of sedimentary rock layers the oldest layers are at the top.

Question 27

Petroleum oil is both a mineral and a rock.

Question 28

Rocks can become metamorphosed at the ground's surface if they are heated by lava.

Question 29

Fossils provide information about ancient organisms on Earth.

Question 30

Regional metamorphism requires the presence of either magma or lava.

Question 31

Most of the rocks exposed at the surface are igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Question 32

Coal mountaintop removal is an environmentally safe form of mining.

Question 33

Fossils provide information about ancient climates on Earth.

Question 34

Many minerals and rocks today provide economically significant materials.

Question 35

The process of exhumation creates sedimentary rock.

Question 36

Sedimentary rocks form directly from cooled magma.

Question 37

The presence of coal in the crust indicates that thick forests and wetlands occurred in that area long ago.

Question 38

Phaneritic rocks have poorly developed crystals.

Question 39

In the rock cycle, it is possible to make metamorphic rocks from igneous rocks.

Question 40

Most of the crust is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Question 41

Contact metamorphism requires the presence of either magma or lava.

Question 42

Referring to the image, Hawai'i has formed in what type of melting environment?

A)mid-ocean ridges
B)continental rift valleys
C)hot spots
D)subduction zones

Question 43

The earliest stone tools in eastern Africa were used to hunt big game.

Question 44

Referring to the figure, which rock is extrusive igneous?

A)granite
B)diorite
C)gabbro
D)rhyolite

Question 45

Granite and diorite are phaneritic rocks.

Question 46

Referring to the figure, which rock type is phaneritic?

A)basalt
B)andesite
C)gabbro
D)rhyolite

Question 47

Plastiglomerate is an anthropogenic rock.

Question 48

Felsic rocks are composed of about __________ percent silica.

A)50
B)60
C)70
D)80

Question 49

Referring to Table 14.1, which lithifies into fossiliferous limestone?

A)shell fragments from coral reefs
B)sand
C)peat soils
D)evaporated seawater

Question 50

Referring to Table 14.1, which lithifies into shale?

A)shell fragments from coral reefs
B)sand
C)peat soils
D)clay

Question 51

Referring to Table 14.1, which is an example of an organic sedimentary rock?

A)siltstone
B)shale
C)coal
D)rock salt

Question 52

Referring to Table 14.1, which is an example of a chemical sedimentary rock?

A)coal
B)gypsum
C)chalk
D)sandstone

Question 53

All sedimentary rocks are made from sediments.

Question 54

Fracking is a new technology, invented in the last two decades.

Question 55

Contact metamorphism is more geographically widespread than regional metamorphism.

Question 56

Referring to Table 14.3, which type of metamorphic rock is foliated?

A)anthracite coal
B)marble
C)quartzite
D)schist

Question 57

Referring to the figure, which rock has the highest silica content?

A)rhyolite
B)andesite
C)diorite
D)gabbro

Question 58

Lithium ion batteries for laptops and phones are made in part from evaporite deposits.

Question 59

Referring to the figure, which rock is intrusive igneous?

A)basalt
B)gabbro
C)rhyolite
D)andesite

Question 60

__________ sedimentary rock is composed of broken pieces of other rocks.

A)Clastic
B)Organic
C)Chemical
D)Inorganic

Question 61

According to the pie chart, what percentage of Earth's crust is composed of iron?

A)8.1%
B)5%
C)3.6%
D)2.8%

Question 62

Referring to the figure, which rock cooled from magma?

A)rhyolite
B)granite
C)andesite
D)basalt

Question 63

Referring to the image, the Cascade Range in western North America was produced by what?

A)mid-ocean ridges
B)continental rift valleys
C)hot spots
D)subduction zones

Question 64

Which is not a criterion in determining if something is a mineral?

A)It must be naturally occurring.
B)It must be made by organisms.
C)It must be crystalline.
D)It must be of uniform chemical composition

Question 65

Which describes a metamorphic rock?

A)cooled from magma deep underground or lava on the surface
B)formed through cementation or compression of broken rock fragments
C)formed from heat and pressure on preexisting rock
D)formed from organisms

Question 66

Which of these do fossils not help us understand?

A)the process of evolution and extinction
B)the process of metamorphism
C)relative and absolute ages of rocks
D)climate and environmental change

Question 67

__________ metamorphic rocks show flat or wavy banding patterns.

A)Foliated
B)Nonfoliated
C)Extrusive
D)Intrusive

Question 68

Referring to Table 14.1, from what does coal form?

A)precipitated calcium carbonate
B)cobbles
C)peat soils
D)silt and clay

Question 69

Referring to Table 14.3, what is the protolith for gneiss?

A)schist
B)mudstone
C)shale or mudstone
D)slate

Question 70

__________ form when carbon combines with other elements, particularly oxygen.

A)Silicates
B)Oxides
C)Sulfides and sulfates
D)Carbonates

Question 71

Referring to the figure, which rock cooled quickly near the surface?

A)granite
B)diorite
C)basalt
D)gabbro

Question 72

Referring to Table 14.3, which type of metamorphic rock is nonfoliated?

A)anthracite coal
B)schist
C)gneiss
D)slate

Question 73

__________ is the process by which minerals fill the spaces between rock fragments and bind them together.

A)Cementation
B)Lithification
C)Crystallization
D)Oxidation

Question 74

What is fracking fluid?

A)water that naturally occurs at a well
B)water that is injected into a well by fracking operations
C)oil that is extracted from a well that is fracked
D)the toxic chemicals that are added to water

Question 75

Which is not a problem potentially associated with fracking?

A)surface water contamination
B)groundwater contamination
C)deforestation
D)climate change

Question 76

About __________ percent of the continental rocks are composed of silicates.

A)40
B)55
C)70
D)95

Question 77

Referring to the figure, which rock cooled from lava?

A)gabbro
B)granite
C)basalt
D)diorite

Question 78

In which geographic setting is a metamorphic rock most likely to be found?

A)on a volcanic mountain range
B)on the seafloor
C)deep in the lithosphere
D)in a valley

Question 79

Contact metamorphism occurs only when __________ is present.

A)water
B)magma
C)igneous rock
D)oceanic crust

Question 80

__________ sedimentary rocks result from dissolved materials that precipitate out of water.

A)Clastic
B)Organic
C)Chemical
D)Inorganic