Deck 39: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Question 1

Individuals of _____ descent are more prone to developing keloids?

A) African-American
B) Northern European
C) Asian
D) Native American

Answer 1

African-American

Question 2

Which cells are involved in initiating immune responses in the skin?

A) Langerhans cells
B) Merkel cells
C) Keratinocytes
D) Melanocytes

Answer 2

Langerhans cells

Question 3

A 12-year-old female notices her hair and skin feel more oily than normal.Her primary care provider explains that during puberty her sebaceous glands enlarge and are stimulated by:

A) Androgens
B) Estrogen
C) Vitamin D
D) Progesterone

Answer 3

Androgens

Question 4

A 50-year-old male recently underwent a liver transplant and is taking immunosuppressive drugs.He now has painful vesicular eruptions on the face and trunk.He reports that he had chickenpox as a child.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on his chicken pox history?

A) Erysipelas
B) Poliomyelitis
C) Warts
D) Herpes zoster

Question 5

Tinea corporis (ringworm)is a _____ infection of the skin.

A) Nematode
B) Fungal
C) Viral
D) Bacterial

Question 6

A 25-year-old paralyzed male develops a dermal pressure ulcer.When assessing the patient's skin,which finding is the first indication of this ulcer?

A) Redness
B) Whiteness
C) Indurations
D) Ulceration

Question 7

Of the sweat glands,the _____ glands are most abundant in the axillae and genital areas.

A) Eccrine
B) Apocrine
C) Sebaceous
D) Subcutaneous

Question 8

A 42-year-old female presents with raised red lesions with a brownish scale.She was diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus.A clinician recalls this disorder is related to:

A) Infection
B) Trauma
C) Autoimmunity
D) Cancer

Question 9

A 23-year-old male reports a rash and pruritus.An increase in _____ is associated with pruritus?

A) Substance P
B) Norepinephrine
C) Dopamine
D) Acetylcholine

Question 10

A 19-year-old female developed a circular,demarcated,and salmon-pink lesion.Two weeks later she developed more lesions over the trunk and upper part of the extremities.The diagnosis is pityriasis rosea,and the nurse knows the disorder is caused by a:

A) Parasite
B) Virus
C) Bacteria
D) Fungus

Question 11

A 23-year-old male received a knife wound in a fight.His scar was sharply elevated,irregularly shaped,and progressively enlarging.This condition is caused by excessive amounts of _____ in the corneum during connective tissue repair.

A) Elastin
B) Collagen
C) Keratin
D) Calcification

Question 12

A 45-year-old male presents with a chronic blister-forming disease of the skin and oral mucous membranes.The nurse would recognize this condition as:

A) Lupus erythematosus
B) Pemphigus
C) Psoriasis
D) Eczema

Question 13

If a patient has carbuncles,the infection will be located in the:

A) Hair follicles
B) Papillary layer of the dermis
C) Reticular layer of the dermis
D) Subcutaneous tissue

Question 14

To promote efficient wound healing,which dressing should be applied to a superficial ulcer?

A) Thick and dry
B) Flat and moist
C) Bulky and dry
D) None

Question 15

A 20-year-old female presents with vaginal itch and thin-walled pustular lesions.She is diagnosed with candidiasis.This condition is caused by a:

A) Yeast
B) Virus
C) Bacterium
D) Fungus

Question 16

In discoid lupus erythematosus,skin lesions may be accompanied by Raynaud phenomenon,which is manifested by:

A) Bone deformities
B) Vasospasm in the extremities
C) Arterial aneurysms
D) Venous thrombus

Question 17

A 9-year-old male presents with severe erythematous bullous lesions that are believed to be an adverse response to a medication.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Pemphigus
B) Acne vulgaris
C) Lupus erythematosus
D) Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Question 18

Fat cells are located in the:

A) Epidermis
B) Dermis
C) Hypodermis
D) Fascia beneath the skin

Question 19

For a patient with candidiasis,which factor will exacerbate the condition?

A) Poor hygiene
B) Older age
C) Systemic antibiotics
D) Anemia

Question 20

A 12-year-old female visits her primary care provider to obtain acne medication for recurrent acne vulgaris.This condition is an inflammatory disorder of the:

A) Apocrine glands
B) Pilosebaceous follicle
C) Dermal layer
D) Eccrine gland

Question 21

A 36-year-old male is experiencing frontotemporal hair recession.He is diagnosed with male pattern baldness,which is a form of:

A) Alopecia
B) Areata
C) Hirsutism
D) Paronychia

Question 22

A patient wants to know which malignant skin lesion is the most serious.The correct response is:

A) Basal cell carcinoma
B) Squamous cell carcinoma
C) Kaposi sarcoma (KS)
D) Malignant melanoma

Question 23

The patient has burns to both forearms that extend from the fingers to the elbows with no normal tissue present.The nurse has difficulty assessing the patient's pulse,and the patient complains of numbness in the fingers.The nurse notifies the primary care provider and expects the primary care provider to:

A) Increase fluid intake.
B) Perform an escharotomy.
C) Order physical therapy.
D) Perform debridement of some burned tissue.

Question 24

A 10-year-old male is given penicillin for an infection.He has an allergic reaction,during which he develops urticarial lesions.These lesions are mediated by the release of:

A) Beta-adrenergic agonists
B) Histamine
C) Calcium
D) Cortisol

Question 25

A 10-year-old male is playing with matches and gets burned.His burn is waxy white in appearance.This burn is classified as:

A) First degree
B) Superficial partial-thickness
C) Deep partial-thickness
D) Third degree

Question 26

Hypovolemia in the early stages of burn shock is directly related to:

A) Decreased cardiac contractility and shunting of blood away from visceral organs
B) Increased capillary permeability and evaporative water loss
C) Hypometabolism and renal water loss
D) Bacterial infection of the wound and resulting bacteremia

Question 27

A 15-year-old female reports abnormal hair growth on her face and body.This condition is referred to as:

A) Alopecia
B) Areata
C) Hirsutism
D) Paronychia

Question 28

A 30-year-old male firefighter is badly burned and is admitted to the emergency department.Which of the following would be expected in the first 24 hours?

A) Increased capillary permeability
B) Diuresis
C) Decreased levels of stress hormones
D) Fluid overload

Question 29

What of the following behavior in the patient with scleroderma would cause the nurse concern?

A) Wears mittens on cold days
B) Smokes a few cigarettes a day
C) Applies lotion daily
D) Seeks warmer environments

Question 30

A 27-year-old male lung transplant patient developed KS.He tells the nurse he thought only people with AIDS developed this type of cancer.The nurse knows that the cause of this patient's KS is most likely related to the fact that the patient:

A) Is malnourished
B) Was exposed to hepatitis B
C) Is immunosuppressed
D) Is diabetic

Question 31

In burn injury patients,the rule of nines and the Lund and Browder chart are used to estimate:

A) Depth of burn injury
B) Possibility of infection
C) Degree of systemic involvement
D) Total body surface area burned

Question 32

Which of the following burns is most painful?

A) First degree
B) Superficial partial-thickness
C) Deep partial-thickness
D) Third degree

Question 33

When assessing a patient with scleroderma,which changes in the skin will be observed?

A) Thinning
B) Hyperpigmented
C) Necrosis
D) Hardening

Question 34

Dermal appendages include which of the following structures? (Select all that apply.)

A) Sweat glands
B) Nails
C) Dermal papilla
D) Hair
E) Eccrine glands

Question 35

A 52-year-old female is diagnosed with scleroderma.Which complication leads to ulcer formation?

A) Cutaneous vasculitis
B) Raynaud phenomenon
C) Cellulitis
D) Infection

Question 36

A 29-year-old female is burned through all her dermis with only a few epidermal appendages intact.This burn is classified as:

A) First degree
B) Superficial partial-thickness
C) Deep partial-thickness
D) Third degree

Question 37

A 70-year-old male nursing home resident developed a dermal pressure ulcer.This condition is most often caused by (select all that apply):

A) Shearing forces
B) Friction
C) Moisture
D) Unrelieved pressure
E) High-carbohydrate diet

Question 38

A 13-year-old female is concerned about several pigmented skin lesions on her body.Her primary care provider tells her that these lesions must be monitored because of their ability to transform into malignant melanoma.These lesions are referred to as:

A) Macules
B) Nevi
C) Plaques
D) Keloids

Question 39

A 28-year-old male is admitted to the burn unit 2 hours after receiving second- and third-degree burns over 50% of his body surface in an industrial explosion.Abnormal vital signs include low blood pressure and tachycardia.Lab results show a high hematocrit due to:

A) Sickle cell syndrome
B) Fluid movement out of the vascular space
C) Renal failure
D) Increased vascular protein secondary to increased metabolism

Question 40

A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with skin cancer.Her primary care provider explains that the most important risk factor for skin cancer is:

A) Amount of direct sun exposure at a young age
B) Amount of sun exposure over age 50
C) Lifetime amount of sun exposure
D) Living in equatorial regions where the sun is most intense

Question 41

Which of the following diseases are attributed to mosquito bites? (Select all that apply.)

A) Malaria
B) Yellow fever
C) Dengue fever
D) Encephalitis
E) Lyme disease

Question 42

A 30-year-old female has a history of frequent candidiasis.The areas most likely affected include (select all that apply):

A) Plantar surface of the foot
B) Eyes
C) Ears
D) Mucous membranes
E) Vagina