Deck 3: Pavlovian Procedures

Question 1

Mr.Anxiety John, "Mr.Anxiety," finally musters up the courage to ask the beautiful and popular Carole to go to the
Movies.She finds the idea so ridiculous that she laughs out loud the instant he has gotten the question
Out)John's face turns the color of a steamed lobster.
Refer to Mr.Anxiety.A week later John bumps into Carole on campus, feels his face turn red and recalls with embarrassment their earlier encounter.Carole has become a .

A)CS for blushing
B)US for blushing
C)CR to John
D)good candidate for training as a career diplomat

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Pavlov is best described as .

A)the father of learning research
B)the father of modern psychology
C)an American from Russia
D)an experimenter from head to foot

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The word reflex is a synonym for .

A)conditional response
B)conditional reflex
C)unconditional response
D)unconditional reflex

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The notation that best describes the Pavlovian procedure is .

A)S®R
B)CS®UR
C)CS®CR
D)CS®US

Question 5

Pavlov became interested in psychic reflexes around .

A)1870
B)1900
C)1920
D)1927

Question 6

Of the following conditioning procedures, the one that is least like the others is .

A)trace
B)delayed
C)simultaneous
D)backward

Question 7

When exposure to a stimulus prior to pairing with a US interferes with conditioning, the phenomenon is called .

A)latent inhibition
B)overshadowing
C)blocking
D)higher-order conditioning

Question 8

Pavlov's main interest initially was .

A)psychology
B)learning
C)physiology
D)the philosophy of mind

Question 9

Mr.Anxiety John, "Mr.Anxiety," finally musters up the courage to ask the beautiful and popular Carole to go to the
Movies.She finds the idea so ridiculous that she laughs out loud the instant he has gotten the question
Out)John's face turns the color of a steamed lobster.
Refer to Mr.Anxiety.In classical conditioning terms, John's experience is an example of .

A)trace conditioning
B)delayed conditioning
C)simultaneous conditioning
D)backward conditioning

Question 10

Ivan Pavlov is best known for his research on the .

A)psychic reflex
B)partition complex
C)operant response
D)digestive process

Question 11

What fascinated Pavlov most about his salivating dogs was that .

A)the behavior of the dogs never changed
B)the behavior of the dogs changed erratically
C)the dogs began to salivate before receiving food
D)some dogs salivated and others did not

Question 12

Each time a buzzer sounds, a puff of air makes a rabbit blink.Soon the rabbit blinks when it hears the buzzer.George believes that this means the buzzer takes the place of the air puff.George is an advocate of .

A)stimulus substitution theory
B)exchange theory
C)preparatory response theory
D)stimulus-response theory

Question 13

An experimenter presents a flash of light and a bell simultaneously followed by food.Conditioning proceeds satisfactorily, but when the experimenter presents the light and bell separately, he finds that the bell is an effective CS, but the light is not.The experimenter has demonstrated .

A)counterconditioning
B)latent inhibition
C)blocking
D)overshadowing

Question 14

Pavlov called reflexes present at birth .

A)innate
B)unconditional
C)unconditioned
D)fixed

Question 15

Of the following, the one that does not belong with the others is .

A)latent inhibition
B)overshadowing
C)blocking
D)higher-order conditioning

Question 16

Mr.Anxiety John, "Mr.Anxiety," finally musters up the courage to ask the beautiful and popular Carole to go to the
Movies.She finds the idea so ridiculous that she laughs out loud the instant he has gotten the question
Out)John's face turns the color of a steamed lobster.
Refer to Mr.Anxiety.Oafish Bill (John's twin brother) has heard nothing of John's unfortunate encounter with Carole, and he decides to ask her out.Just as he approaches her she bursts into laughter, apparently in response to a joke someone just told.Bill immediately pops the question and she politely declines, having decided to join a convent at the end of the semester.A week later Bill bumps into Carole on campus but feels no particular embarrassment.The pairing of Bill's request for a date and Carole's laughter is most likely an example of .

A)trace conditioning
B)delayed conditioning
C)simultaneous conditioning
D)backward conditioning

Question 17

Two students, Edward and Edwina, serve as subjects in a conditioning experiment.The CS is a buzzer; the US is a mild electric shock; the UR is a change in electrical conductivity called the Galvanic Skin Response.Both subjects undergo 50 trials, but the experimenter feels sorry for Edwina so periodically he lets her off without a shock.The results will indicate that .

A)the CR is stronger in Edward
B)the CR is stronger in Edwina
C)there is no difference in the CRs produced by Edward and Edwina
D)Edward salivates at sight of Edwina

Question 18

In studying "psychic secretions," Pavlov focused his attention on the .

A)dog's thoughts and feelings
B)events in the dog's environment
C)genetic history of the dog
D)behavior of the dog before and after feeding

Question 19

Pavlov said that the salivary glands behaved as though they had .

A)reason
B)an instinct
C)intelligence
D)free will

Question 20

The equation, DVn = c (l - Vn - 1), is associated with the of Pavlovian conditioning.

A)Rescorla-Wagner model
B)preparatory response theory
C)stimulus substitution theory
D)valence theory

Question 21

Recent research suggests that poor conditioning in elderly people may signal the early stages of .

A)Parkinson's Disease
B)dementia
C)brain cancer
D)terminal illness

Question 22

The experiment in which a dog learned to salivate at the sight of a black square after it had been paired with a CS for salivating is an example of conditioning.

A)second-tier
B)higher-order
C)signal
D)second-signal

Question 23

In Pavlovian conditioning, contiguity usually refers to the .

A)time between CS and US
B)interval between CS-US trials
C)space between CS and US
D)interval between training sessions

Question 24

Pavlov was a/an .

A)Lithuanian
B)Russian
C)Swede
D)Pole

Question 25

The rate of conditioning is affected by the degree to which the US is the occurrence of the CS.

A)bi-pendant on
B)contracted to
C)contingent on
D)ipsilateral to

Question 26

In general, the more intense a US, the .

A)faster conditioning proceeds
B)slower conditioning proceeds
C)more intense the CS
D)less intense the CS

Question 27

In so far as the rate of learning is concerned, the most important pairings of the CS and US are those that come .

A)at the beginning of training
B)in the middle of training
C)toward the end of training
D)at the very end of training

Question 28

The time between conditioning trials is called the .

A)inter-stimulus interval
B)inter-trial interval
C)contiguity gap
D)trace period

Question 29

Many people think of scientists as dull people without feelings, but Pavlov said that science requires .

A)the energy of a wailing baby
B)supreme passion
C)absolute objectivity
D)absolute integrity

Question 30

A stimulus is one that consists of two or more stimuli presented simultaneously.

A)conjugal
B)complex
C)concordant
D)compound

Question 31

Braun and Geiselhart found that eyelid conditioning generally proceeded slowly with .

A)infants
B)children
C)young adults
D)older adults

Question 32

The author of your text uses the terms unconditional reflex and conditional reflex, but he notes that most authors use the terms and reflexes.

A)innate and learned
B)natural and contrived
C)conditioned and unconditioned
D)individual and species

Question 33

stimuli are typically events that are important to survival.

A)Unconditional
B)Conditional
C)Maintenance
D)Second-order

Question 34

Pavlovian conditioning is also called conditioning.

A)classical
B)simple
C)basic
D)unconscious

Question 35

The researcher who might have become known as the American Pavlov was

A)William James
B)John
B)Watson
C)Edwin Twitmyer
D)Alfred Gedunk

Question 36

The experiments of Staats and Staats with nonsense syllables are examples of conditioning.

A)second-tier
B)higher-order
C)signal
D)second-signal

Question 37

J.M.Graham and Claude Desjardins established the odor of as a CS for sexual arousal in rats.

A)wintergreen
B)mint
C)licorice
D)sulfur

Question 38

If, following conditioning, a CS is repeatedly presented without the US, the procedure is called .

A)higher-order conditioning
B)latent inhibition
C)extinction
D)preconditioning

Question 39

One way to determine if conditioning has occurred is to present the CS alone.Each such presentation is called a/an trial.

A)extinction
B)experimental
C)test
D)pseudo-

Question 40

Spontaneous recovery is associated with .

A)higher-order conditioning
B)latent inhibition
C)extinction
D)preconditioning

Question 41

The least effective conditioning procedure is .

A)simultaneous
B)trace
C)delay
D)backward

Question 42

In Pavlovian conditioning, ISI refers to .

A)ideal stimulus index
B)incipient satiation index
C)interstimulus interval
D)Intergalactic Space Invoice

Question 43

In general, the shorter the ISI, the faster conditioning proceeds.

Question 44

Pavlov's work paved the way for Darwin's theory of evolution.

Question 45

The Rescorla-Wagner model has been very influential, but it does not explain latent inhibition.

Question 46

Pavlov nearly always used a bell as the CS.

Question 47

In contrast to Thomas Edison, Pavlov worked on his own.

Question 48

One way to test for the effects of conditioning is to use test trials.

Question 49

Explain why Pavlov became interested in psychic reflexes.

Question 50

Each pairing of a CS and US is one .

Question 51

How has the study of Pavlovian conditioning altered your view of human nature?

Question 52

A key feature of Pavlovian conditioning is that the CS and US appear together regardless of what the animal or person does.

Question 53

Higher-order conditioning is probably most important to .

A)rats
B)dogs
C)cats
D)humans

Question 54

Pavlov reported that repeatedly pairing a mild acid and a particular odor, in that order, failed to produce a CR.The experimenter then got a CR by presenting an odor followed by the mild acid.This time, however, he used a different odor.Explain why he used a different odor.

Question 55

Pavlov won the Nobel Prize for his research on conditioning.

Question 56

The procedure of pairing a neutral stimulus with a well-established CS is called higher-order conditioning.

Question 57

If a CS is presented several times alone, and is then repeatedly paired with a US, conditioning proceeds more rapidly than if the CS had never been presented alone.

Question 58

Explain why Pavlovian conditioning is not really a simple form of learning.

Question 59

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, blocking occurs because when the second (blocked) CS is presented, most of the learning that can occur has already been "used up" by the first CS.

Question 60

Explain the differences among trace, delay, simultaneous, and backward procedures.

Question 61

Most people believe that when conditioning occurs, there must be an awareness of the connection between the CS and US.For example, when Pavlov rang a bell, this made the dog think of food, and thinking of food made the dog salivate.What is wrong with this view? (In answering this question, you may want to mention the experiment of K.Diven (1937).

Question 62

Explain how extinction of a CR can be viewed as the acquisition of a behavior.