Deck 9: New Directions: Integration and a Life-Course Perspective

Question 1

Defined as consistency in the rankings of individuals on an observable characteristic over time

A) absolute stability
B) relative stability
C) interactional continuity
D) cumulative continuity

Answer 1

B

Question 2

This theory recognizes that antisocial behavior often emerges early in life and continues to develop and persist throughout adulthood.

A) convict criminology
B) theoretical integration
C) developmental criminology
D) criminal career criminology

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Developed the "Duel Taxonomy" of life-course persistent and adolescence limited offenders

A) Robert Sampson
B) Terrie Moffit
C) Marvin Wolfgang
D) John Laub

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The population heterogeneity perspective contends that early antisocial behavior is related to later criminal behavior because of some underlying propensity for antisocial behavior.

Question 5

This concept suggests that antisocial behavior produces negative consequences, and these consequences promote stability of antisocial behavior.

A) relative continuity
B) absolute continuity
C) cumulative continuity
D) interactional continuity

Question 6

Adolescent-limited offenders typically engage in only a limited number of crimes during adolescence, and commit bigger crimes during adulthood.

Question 7

__________________________combines elements of traditional perspectives to provide a more comprehensive explanation of crime.

A) Developmental criminology
B) Life-course criminology
C) Theoretical integration
D) Criminal career paradigm

Question 8

Combining theories in a sequential model is known as the

A) end-to-end model
B) sequential model
C) final model
D) all of the above

Question 9

The work that found that a chronic 6% of offenders accounted for nearly 50% of delinquent acts.

A) Delinquency in a Birth Cohort
B) The Subculture of Violence
C) The Glueks Study
D) Moffit's Typologies

Question 10

Structural factors are often ignored as contributing to delinquency in:

A) age graded theory
B) social bond theory
C) Moffit's Typology
D) integrated theory

Question 11

This type of offender engages in antisocial behavior beginning in adolescence and typically desists from crime in early adulthood.

A) life-course persistent
B) adolescent-limited
C) career criminals
D) none of the above

Question 12

Contends that individuals proactively select themselves into certain environments, consistently react to environments in a certain manner, or evoke certain reactions from their environment, and these interactions promote consistency in how one behaves.

A) absolute stability
B) relative stability
C) interactional continuity
D) cumulative continuity

Question 13

The criminal career paradigm suggests that __________________ will affect crime rates.

A) selective incapacitation
B) three-strikes laws
C) indeterminate sentencing
D) community corrections

Question 14

A ________________ is defined as a set of developmental sequences that describe the unfolding of a behavior over time.

A) risk factor
B) trajectory
C) continuity
D) relative stability

Question 15

A criminal career suggests that an individual makes his or her living by engaging in crime.

Question 16

Contends that antisocial behavior produces negative consequences and in turn these negative consequences promote the stability of antisocial behavior

A) absolute stability
B) relative stability
C) interactional continuity
D) cumulative continuity

Question 17

This type of stability describes the stability of behavior within individuals.

A) cumulative
B) interactional
C) relative
D) absolute

Question 18

The most common attempts at theoretical integration involve social control and ______________ theories.

A) strain
B) social learning
C) social control
D) none of the above

Question 19

The ___________________ debate suggests that offending includes an initiation, duration, and termination period.

A) career criminal
B) developmental
C) criminal career
D) none of the above

Question 20

The length of time of criminal offending for the criminal career is referred to as:

A) termination
B) frequency
C) initiation
D) duration

Question 21

The career criminal debate claims there is single group called active offenders.

Question 22

Life-course persistent offender's behavior is a function of the developmental stage and social interactions.

Question 23

Shaw & McKay's social disorganization theory and Cloward & Ohlin's subculture theory are examples of integrated theories.

Question 24

A set of developmental sequences that describe the unfolding of a behavior over time are risk factors.

Question 25

Risk factors that promote antisocial and criminal behavior are exactly the same as factors that promote desistance from antisocial behavior.

Question 26

Robert Sampson and John Laub were recently award the Stockholm award for outstanding research in criminology.

Question 27

Robert Sampson and John Laub are responsible for formulating the typologies of life-course persistent and adolescence limited offenders.

Question 28

Life-course criminology argues that antisocial behavior results from the intersection of biological, psychological, sociological, and situational risk factors.

Question 29

Terrie Moffitt is responsible for formulating the age-graded theory of informal social control.

Question 30

Social structure and social control theories are fundamentally opposed to each other.