Deck 13: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Question 1

When a patient has a fever,which of the following thermoregulatory mechanisms is activated?

A) The body's thermostat is adjusted to a lower temperature.
B) Temperature is raised above the set point.
C) Bacteria directly stimulate peripheral thermogenesis.
D) The body's thermostat is reset to a higher level.

Answer 1

The body's thermostat is reset to a higher level.

Question 2

A nurse is discussing an individual's conditioned or learned approach or avoidance behavior in response to pain.Which system is the nurse describing?

A) Sensory-discriminative system
B) Affective-motivational system
C) Sensory-motivational system
D) Cognitive-evaluative system

Answer 2

Affective-motivational system

Question 3

For evaporation to function effectively as a means of dissipating excess body heat,which one of the following conditions must be present?

A) Moisture
B) Fever
C) Pyrogens
D) Trauma

Answer 3

Moisture

Question 4

Which finding indicates the patient is having complications from heat stroke?

A) Mild elevation of core body temperatures
B) Cerebral edema and degeneration of the CNS
C) Spasmodic cramping in the abdomen and extremities
D) Alterations in calcium uptake

Question 5

A 50-year-old male cut his hand off while working in a sawmill.Several years later he still sporadically feels pain in the absent hand.What type of pain should the nurse document in the chart?

A) Neuropathic pain
B) Visceral pain
C) Phantom limb pain
D) Chronic pain

Question 6

A 5-year-old female breaks her leg after falling from a merry-go-round.Which of the following would be released from the midbrain to modulate her pain?

A) â-Endorphin
B) Enkephalin
C) Endomorphin
D) Dynorphin

Question 7

A nurse wants to teach about one of the primary organs responsible for heat production.Which organ should the nurse include?

A) Pancreas
B) Liver
C) Adrenal gland
D) Heart

Question 8

For which patient would the primary care provider order therapeutic hypothermia? A patient with:

A) Malnutrition
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Reimplantation surgery
D) Parkinson disease

Question 9

When a neurologist explains how pricking a finger with a needle provides minimal pain while cutting the finger with a knife provides more severe pain,what theory is being described?

A) Gate control theory
B) Neuromatrix theory
C) Specificity theory
D) Neuromodulation

Question 10

A nurse should document on the chart that chronic pain is occurring when the patient reports the pain has lasted longer than:

A) 1 month
B) 3 to 6 months
C) 1 year
D) 2 to 3 years

Question 11

Which statement by a patient indicates teaching was successful for heat loss? Heat loss from the body via convection occurs by:

A) Evaporation of electromagnetic waves
B) Transfer of heat through currents of liquids or gas
C) Dilation of blood vessels bringing blood to skin surfaces
D) Direct heat loss from molecule-to-molecule transfer

Question 12

When the nurse is discussing the patient's cyclical temperature fluctuation occurring on a daily basis,what term should the nurse use?

A) Thermogenesis cycle
B) Thermoconductive phases
C) Adaptive pattern
D) Circadian rhythm

Question 13

A 15-year-old female scrapes her knee while playing soccer and complains of sharp and well-localized pain.Which of the following should the nurse document to most accurately characterize her pain?

A) Chronic pain
B) Referred pain
C) Somatic pain
D) Visceral pain

Question 14

Hikers are attempting to cross the Arizona desert with a small supply of water.The temperatures cause them to sweat profusely and become dehydrated.The hikers are experiencing:

A) Heat cramping
B) Heat exhaustion
C) Heat stroke
D) Malignant hyperthermia

Question 15

A 25-year-old female received a prescription for a weight loss pill.One effect of the pills is to increase the release of epinephrine.Which of the following would be expected to also occur?

A) Decreased vascular tone
B) Increased skeletal muscle tone
C) Increased heat production
D) Decreased basal metabolic rate

Question 16

When the nurse is taking a patient's temperature,which principle should the nurse remember? Regulation of body temperature primarily occurs in the:

A) Cerebrum
B) Brainstem
C) Hypothalamus
D) Pituitary gland

Question 17

A 10-year-old male sneaks into a meat freezer at the local supermarket.Fearing he will get caught if he comes out,he decides to stay in there for several hours until the store closes.While in the cooler his body is most likely experiencing:

A) Increased respirations
B) Ischemic tissue damage
C) CNS excitation
D) Increased cellular metabolism

Question 18

When planning care for a child in pain,which principle should the nurse remember? The pain threshold in children is _____ that of adults.

A) Higher than
B) Lower than
C) The same as
D) Not related to

Question 19

A patient has researched exogenous pyrogens on the Internet.Which information indicates the patient has a good understanding? Exogenous pyrogens are:

A) Interleukins
B) Endotoxins
C) Prostaglandins
D) Corticotropin-releasing factors

Question 20

A patient asks the nurse where nociceptors can be found.How should the nurse respond? One location in which nociceptors can be found is the:

A) Skin
B) Spinal cord
C) Efferent pathways
D) Hypothalamus

Question 21

A young child presents to the ophthalmologist for visual difficulties secondary to eye deviation.One of the child's eyes deviates outward,thereby decreasing the visual field.Which of the following diagnoses is most likely?

A) Entropia
B) Extropia
C) Diplopia
D) Nystagmus

Question 22

A 35-year-old female presents with watering and severely reddened eyes.She reports being very sensitive to light.Her primary care provider determined it was viral conjunctivitis caused by:

A) Secondary bacterial infections
B) Cytomegalovirus
C) Herpes virus
D) Adenovirus

Question 23

A patient is undergoing a sleep lab test.When the sleep lab worker notices EEG patterns with brain activity similar to the normal awake pattern,which phase of sleep is occurring?

A) Non-rapid eye movement (REM)
B) Fast wave
C) REM
D) Delta wave

Question 24

During the sleep cycle,when does loss of temperature control occur?

A) Non-REM sleep
B) Light sleep
C) REM sleep
D) Delta wave sleep

Question 25

A 50-year-old diabetic patient experiences visual disturbances and decides to visit his primary care provider.After examination,the primary care provider tells the patient that the cells that allow him to see are degenerated.Which of the following structures is most likely damaged?

A) Lens
B) Pupil
C) Cornea
D) Retina

Question 26

While planning care for infants,which principles should the nurse remember? (Select all that apply.)Infants have problems with thermoregulation because they:

A) Cannot conserve heat
B) Do not shiver
C) Rarely sweat
D) Have decreased metabolic rates
E) Have excess subcutaneous fat

Question 27

The most common form of sensorineural hearing loss in the elderly is:

A) Conductive hearing loss
B) Acute otitis media
C) Presbycusis
D) Ménière disease

Question 28

A 70-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting loss of vision.He reports that he has hypertension and smokes cigarettes.Which of the following disorders is most likely causing his visual loss?

A) Presbyopia
B) Macular degeneration
C) Strabismus
D) Amblyopia

Question 29

A 14-month-old child suffers from sudden apparent arousals in which she expresses intense fear or other emotion.Her mother reports that she seems to wake screaming,but that she is difficult to waken completely.The child most likely suffers from:

A) Night terrors
B) Parasomnia
C) Somnambulism
D) Enuresis episodes

Question 30

The nurse would expect the patient with an alteration in proprioception to experience vertigo which is manifested by:

A) Headache
B) Light sensitivity
C) A sensation that the room is spinning
D) Loss of feeling in the lips

Question 31

A patient has increased intraocular pressure.Which diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart?

A) Glaucoma
B) Ocular degeneration
C) Diplopia
D) Nystagmus

Question 32

A nurse is teaching about the structure that connects the middle ear with the pharynx.Which structure is the nurse describing?

A) Organ of Corti
B) Eustachian tube
C) Semicircular canal
D) Auditory canal

Question 33

The ophthalmologist is teaching about the structure of the eye that prevents light from scattering in the eye.What structure is the ophthalmologist describing?

A) Iris
B) Pupil
C) Choroid
D) Retina

Question 34

Which system modulates a patient's perception of pain?

A) Sensory-discriminative system
B) Affective-motivational system
C) Cognitive-evaluative system
D) Reticular-activating system

Question 35

A patient asks the nurse how often REM sleep occurs.How should the nurse respond? About every _____ minutes.

A) 15
B) 30
C) 60
D) 90

Question 36

Which group of people is most prone to red-green color blindness?

A) Males
B) Females
C) Elderly persons
D) Children

Question 37

A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with an outer ear infection.Which of the following is most likely to cause this infection?

A) Haemophilus
B) Streptococcus pneumonia
C) Moraxella catarrhalis
D) Escherichia coli

Question 38

Fever of unknown origin (FUO)is characterized by a fever of ____° F or greater

Question 39

A patient asks when most dreams occur.What is the nurse's best response? Most dreams occur during _____ sleep.

A) Non-REM
B) Alpha wave
C) REM
D) Delta wave

Question 40

A 52-year-old male enters a sleep study to gather information about his sleep disturbances.He reports that his wife will not let him sleep in the bed with her until he stops snoring so loudly.He also reports feeling tired a lot through the day.When the nurse checks the chart,what is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Insomnia
B) Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)
C) Somnambulism
D) Jet-lag syndrome