Deck 3: Crime Statistics and the Distribution of Crime

Question 1

As they age, persons begin to engage in different types of behavior, this referred to as the

A) carbonaro effect
B) kopak effect
C) maturation effect
D) aging out effect

Answer 1

C

Question 2

One of the major sources of crime statistics is the

A) ATF
B) DEA
C) CIA
D) UCR

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Sampling where every subject or case in a population has an equal chance of being selected for a study is an example of.

A) non-probability sampling
B) probability sampling
C) generalizability
D) random cluster snowball sampling

Answer 3

B

Question 4

At the ___________ level of explanation, group-level information is identified.

A) macro
B) meso
C) micro
D) none of the above

Question 5

Next to gender, _____ is the personal characteristic that appears to be the best predictor of involvement in criminal activity

A) age
B) socioeconomic status
C) race
D) level of education

Question 6

They acknowledged that female gang members existed, but they concluded that they were affiliated with and subordinate to groups of male delinquents.

A) Sampson and Groves
B) Shaw and McKay
C) Hirschi and Gottfredson
D) Cloward and Ohlin

Question 7

The National Crime Victimization Survey is conducted jointly by the _________________ and the U.S. Department of Justice.

A) U.S. Census Bureau
B) U.S. Department of Defense
C) Federal Bureau of Investigation
D) National Security Agency

Question 8

Research that involves collecting information over a number of years and analyzing trends is.

A) macro
B) micro
C) cross-sectional
D) longitudinal

Question 9

Research that involves collecting information at one point in time is known as

A) macro
B) micro
C) cross-sectional
D) longitudinal

Question 10

Offending at some point during one's life course is an example of a

A) criminal career
B) career criminal
C) habitual offender
D) life course persistent offender

Question 11

Which of the following crimes in excluded from the NCVS.

A) homicide
B) kidnapping
C) victimless crimes
D) all of these

Question 12

The rule that states that the most serious crime should be reported in the Uniform Crime Reports if more than one crime has been committed is known as the

A) multiple offense rule
B) hierarchical rule
C) patriarchal rule
D) matriarchal rule

Question 13

Which of the following represents the degree to which a study produces stable results.

A) validity
B) probability
C) reliability
D) liquidity

Question 14

When a relationship exists between two variables it is referred to as

A) causation
B) correlation
C) cross-sectional
D) longitudinal

Question 15

According to the UCR, robbery is considered a(n) _____________ crime.

A) evil
B) non-Index
C) Index
D) none of the above

Question 16

At this level of explanation, data can be used to explain individual behavior.

A) macro
B) meso
C) micro
D) none of the above

Question 17

Believed females acquire the confidence to deceive men through their sexual play-acting, faked sexual response, and menstruation.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Otto Pollock
C) Randall Sheldon
D) William Sheldon

Question 18

Which variable is also known as the treatment?

A) independent variable
B) dependent variable
C) Y variable
D) none of the above

Question 19

Crime rates are generally figured by taking the number of crimes in a given area, divided by the population of that area, and then multiplied by _______ to standardize it.

A) 100,000
B) the total number of unreported crimes
C) 50,000
D) the number of officially reported crimes

Question 20

Data for the Uniform Crime Reports are reported to the _________________________ by state and local law enforcement agencies.

A) President
B) Federal Bureau of Investigation
C) Central Intelligence Agency
D) Homeland Security

Question 21

The northeastern region of the United States has been shown to be the safest region.

Question 22

The crime rate in the United States is decreasing.

Question 23

Women are most likely to commit violent crimes such as murder, armed robbery, and aggravated assault.

Question 24

The majority of crime is committed during January and February.

Question 25

According to the UCR, the majority of crime is said to be committed

A) during the daytime
B) between 2 pm−6 pm
C) in the evening and nighttime hours
D) none of the above

Question 26

This term is used to describe the amount of time an individual has spent committing crime.

A) career criminal
B) criminal career
C) occupational criminal
D) all of the above

Question 27

Selective incapacitation seeks to lock up the worst of the worst offenders.

Question 28

The crime rate dramatically decreased through the 1980s and early 1990s because of the War on Drugs.

Question 29

The criminal career lasts across the life course of a habitual offender

Question 30

According to the age-crime curve, criminal behaviors peaks around age

A) 9−10
B) 16−17
C) 34−35
D) 49−50

Question 31

The murder rate is the highest in which region?

A) South
B) North
C) East
D) West

Question 32

The most murders, robberies, and burglaries are committed during which month of the year?

A) July
B) March
C) December
D) October

Question 33

When explaining female crime, the suggestion that daughters are more closely controlled by a patriarchal family is proposed by

A) the power-control model
B) social bond theory
C) the power-bond model
D) differential association

Question 34

A habitual offender is often referred to as a

A) criminal career
B) career victim
C) career criminal
D) all of the above

Question 35

When females commit violent crime they commonly choose which type of weapon?

A) gun
B) knife
C) baseball bat
D) none of the above

Question 36

The violent crime rate in the United States is higher than any other industrialized nation.

Question 37

Race is the personal characteristic that is the best predictor of involvement in criminal activity.

Question 38

Cloward and Ohlin believed female gang members were subordinate to male counterparts.

Question 39

Which policy supports the notion of a career criminal?

A) rehabilitation
B) indeterminate sentencing
C) three-strikes laws
D) none of the above

Question 40

. The policy that advocates incarcerating career criminals and other high-rate offenders in order to reduce societal costs is known as

A) deterrence
B) mandatory Incarceration
C) selective Incapacitation
D) retribution

Question 41

The Hierarchical rule states that only the most serious offense gets reported.

Question 42

A major weakness of self-reported data that researchers are concerned with is memory decay.

Question 43

The Uniform Crime Reports are released every month.

Question 44

Theories of crime causation often are grounded in crime statistics.

Question 45

Macro-level studies seek to understand why individuals commit crime

Question 46

The UCR can be used by law enforcement agencies for political manipulation.

Question 47

Aggravated assault is classified as a non-Index crime in the Uniform Crime Reports.

Question 48

A strength of NIBRS is that is fully implemented across the US and easy to maintain.

Question 49

Part II offenses on the UCR are the lesser and non-violent offenses.

Question 50

How well a test measures what it is supposed to measure is referred to as validity.