Deck 23: Therapeutic Agents for the Renal System

Question 1

Patients with kidney disease should limit their dietary intake of:

A) Phosphate
B) Dairy products
C) Sodium
D) All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

What is a possible side effect of all diuretics?

A) Hypokalemia
B) Hypotension
C) Photosensitivity
D) Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

Answer 2

Hypotension

Question 3

Dialysis is used to aid ____________ by the kidneys.

A) filtration
B) secretion
C) absorption
D) A and B

Answer 3

filtration

Question 4

Agents to treat anemia associated with kidney failure include:

A) Ferrous sulfate to increase the production of red blood cells
B) Erythropoietin to increase the production of red blood cells
C) Ferrous sulfate to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the hemoglobin in red blood cells
D) All of the above

Question 5

Osmosis is the:

A) Exchange of Na⁺ and Cl ^- ions
B) Movement of H⁺ from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
C) Exchange of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and oxygen (O₂)
D) Diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane

Question 6

The functional unit of the kidney is the:

A) Nephron
B) Loop of Henle
C) Collecting duct
D) Bowman capsule

Question 7

Where in the body can the kidneys be found?

A) Lower right abdominal cavity
B) Lower left abdominal cavity
C) Lower abdominal cavity on either side of the vertebrae
D) Upper abdominal cavity on either side of the vertebrae

Question 8

HCO₃ ^- is a buffer in the body that:

A) Binds H⁺
B) Balances the pH of the blood
C) Releases hydroxide (OH ^- )
D) A and B

Question 9

One of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States is:

A) Diabetes
B) Age
C) Glomerulonephritis
D) Pyelonephritis

Question 10

Which of the following is not a proper treatment for UTIs?

A) Septra for bacterial infections
B) Fluconazole for fungal infections
C) Tetracycline for Chlamydia infections
D) Zyloprim for gonorrheal infections

Question 11

Nocturia is a(an):

A) Form of insomnia
B) Inability to completely evacuate the bladder
C) Nighttime urination
D) A and C

Question 12

Which of the following is not a loop diuretic?

A) Bumetanide (Bumex)
B) Torsemide (Demadex)
C) Furosemide (Lasix)
D) Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Question 13

Acidosis is a condition in which:

A) Too many free hydrogen ions (H⁺) are present in the blood
B) Retention of HCO₃ ^- is present
C) The loss of H⁺ is excessive
D) All of the above are present

Question 14

Allopurinol (Zyloprim) is indicated for the prevention of:

A) Kidney stones
B) Gout
C) UTIs
D) A and B

Question 15

The most common cause of UTIs is:

A) Chlamydia
B) Escherichia coli
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 16

Stage ____ is considered end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 5

Question 17

Rocaltrol is the brand name for:

A) Calcitriol
B) Darbepoetin alfa
C) Darifenacin
D) Solifenacin succinate

Question 18

Hyperphosphatemia, a major issue with renal failure, can be treated with:

A) calcium acetate (PhosLo)
B) Sevelamer (Renagel)
C) Tums
D) All of the above

Question 19

Cations include ______________, and anions include ______________.

A) positively charged ions; negatively charged ions
B) negatively charged ions; positively charged ions
C) sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺); chloride (Cl ^- ) and bicarbonate (HCO₃ ^- )
D) A and C

Question 20

The kidneys are involved in the synthesis of all of the following except:

A) Renin
B) Erythropoietin
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K

Question 21

An adverse effect of Diamox (acetazolamide) is:

A) Hyperglycemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hypernatremia
D) Metabolic alkalosis

Question 22

An adverse effect of Aldactone (spironolactone) is:

A) Constipation
B) Gynecomastia
C) Hypertension
D) Increased libido

Question 23

What is the generic name for Aldactone?

A) Spironolactone
B) Triamterene
C) Metolazone
D) Chlorthalidone

Question 24

Which of the following is not true regarding Mannitol?

A) Mannitol is only available as an injection
B) Mannitol is a supersaturated sugar solution at room temperature
C) Mannitol must be refrigerated
D) Mannitol may need to be warmed and shaken before administration

Question 25

Urinary urge incontinence can be caused or exacerbated by:

A) Infection or irritation
B) Sneezing
C) Coughing
D) Weight gain

Question 26

A commonly prescribed thiazide diuretic is:

A) Lasix
B) Aldactone
C) Dyrenium
D) Microzide

Question 27

Which of the following treatments for an overactive bladder (OAB) is available in an OTC patch?

A) Oxybutynin
B) Tolterodine
C) Trospium chloride
D) Darifenacin

Question 28

Urolithiasis is the medical term for:

A) Kidney stones
B) Treatment to break up kidney stones
C) Urinary blockage
D) A and C

Question 29

Plasma is mostly composed of:

A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Water
D) A and B

Question 30

Thiazide diuretics are used in the treatment of:

A) Edema associated with congestive heart failure (CHF)
B) Hypertension
C) Prevention of calcium kidney stones
D) All of the above

Question 31

Which part of the renal and urologic system carries waste from the kidneys to the bladder?

A) Ureters
B) Urethra
C) Renal vein
D) Nephron

Question 32

Detrol (tolterodine) is indicated in the treatment of:

A) Anemia
B) Chronic Kidney Failure
C) Urinary incontinence
D) Urinary tract infection

Question 33

A side effect common to all diuretic medications is:

A) Hypertension
B) Urinary frequency
C) Hypokalemia
D) Hyperkalemia

Question 34

Nitrofurantoin is indicated for the treatment of:

A) Urinary analgesic
B) Urinary antispasmodic
C) Urinary incontinence
D) Urinary tract infection

Question 35

All of the following are potassium-sparing diuretics except:

A) spironolactone (Aldactone)
B) triamterene (Dyrenium)
C) amiloride (Midamor)
D) furosemide (Lasix)

Question 36

Nitrofurantoin is prescribed:

A) 100 mg PO BID for 5 days
B) 100 mg PO QID for 10 days
C) 250 mg PO BID for 3 days
D) 250 mg PO QID for 10 days

Question 37

The generic name for Epogen is:

A) Darbepoetin alfa
B) Epoetin alfa
C) ethacrynic acid
D) Sevelamer

Question 38

Which of the following auxiliary labels would be appropriate for a prescription for Epogen?

A) Do not shake
B) Protect from light
C) Refrigerate
D) All of the above

Question 39

What is an unusual side effect of phenazopyridine (Pyridium)?

A) Relief of urinary pain
B) Orange or reddish urine
C) Drowsiness
D) Thirst

Question 40

A nosocomial infection is a(an):

A) Sinus infection
B) UTI
C) Upper respiratory infection (URI)
D) Infection contracted in a hospital or health care facility