Deck 12: Dying and Spirituality

Question 1

Currently, the leading causes of death in the United States, in order, from most frequent to least, are:

A) cardiovascular disease, cancer, influenza or pneumonia.
B) influenza or pnuemonia, cancer, heart disease.
C) cancer, heart disease, tuberculosis.
D) heart disease, tuberculosis, cancer.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Jennie was born in 1795. What was the probability that she would die before her first birthday?

A) 1 in 3
B) 1 in 4
C) 1 in 5
D) 1 in 10

Answer 2

A

Question 3

__________ is the number of deaths in a population for a given year, which is typically given as number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.

A) The death report
B) The incidence of fatalities
C) The mortality rate
D) The casualty index

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Gertrude was born in 1888. What was the probability that she would live past her first birthday?

A) 2 in 3
B) 3 in 4
C) 1 in 5
D) 1 in 10

Question 5

What is the mortality rate in the United States today?

A) Approximately 8 per 1,000
B) 17 per 1,000
C) 45 per 1,000
D) Just over 87 per 1,000

Question 6

Currently, the life expectancy in the United States is __________ years of age.

A) 78
B) 87
C) 68
D) 75

Question 7

Daniel was born in 1878. What was the probability that he would live past his tenth birthday?

A) 2 in 3
B) 3 in 4
C) 1 in 2
D) 1 in 10

Question 8

A figure that provides information about the number of deaths that occurred per 1,000 people in a given year is the:

A) the death report
B) the incidence of fatalities
C) the casualty index
D) the mortality rate

Question 9

Eachann is 35 years old and lives in Chicago, Illinois. He is most likely to die from heart disease, but his great grandfather, Ladon, died in 1900 from __________ which was the third leading cause of death at the time.

A) a motor vehicle accident.
B) influenza.
C) cancer.
D) cardiovascular disease.

Question 10

Cardiovascular diseases refer to problems with:

A) the lungs.
B) the heart and blood vessels.
C) the brain and spinal cord.
D) the lymph system.

Question 11

Before the 20^th century, __________ of infants died before their first birthday.

A) 25%
B) 33%
C) 50%
D) less than 1%

Question 12

Before the 20^th century, __________ of children died by the age of ten.

A) 25%
B) 33%
C) 50%
D) less than 1%

Question 13

Bessie was born in 1935 in Pierre, South Dakota. What is her life expectancy in years?

A) 78
B) 87
C) 68
D) 75

Question 14

Mortality rates have declined in the United States from the 19^th through the 21^st century largely because of:

A) clean water supplies.
B) organized waste disposal.
C) improvements in health care.
D) all of these

Question 15

In the early 1900's, a person was most likely to die from __________; in the 2000's, a person is most likely to die from __________.

A) influenza; heart disease
B) heart disease; cancer
C) heart disease; heart disease
D) the flu; cancer

Question 16

Jamie is a 35-year-old male who lives in Kansas. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census taken in 2005, Jamie is LEAST likely to die of:

A) the flu.
B) injuries from a motor vehicle accident.
C) tuberculosis.
D) cancer.

Question 17

Andy was born in 1885. What was the probability he would die before his tenth birthday?

A) 1 in 3
B) 1 in 2
C) 1 in 7
D) 1 in 10

Question 18

In the United States, the leading cause of death for both males and females is:

A) diabetes.
B) suicide.
C) cerebrovascular diseases.
D) cardiovascualr disease.

Question 19

Ah-lam is the daughter of immigrant parents and has lived in San Francisco her entire life. If she is a typical American, what will be the cause of Ah-lam's death?

A) cancer
B) the flu
C) heart disease
D) pneumonia

Question 20

In the United States, cancer ranks __________ in terms of contribution to death rates.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) last

Question 21

Carmine fell into a coma, which his physicians have determined is likely to be irreversible. Yet, due to activity in his brainstem, it is possible that Carmine may live for an extended period. This state is referred to as:

A) clinical death.
B) brain death.
C) biological death.
D) social death.

Question 22

In order to determine if brain death has occurred, it is essential to perform:

A) EEG.
B) EKG.
C) EGE.
D) MRI.

Question 23

Which of the following is not a recognized type of death?

A) Brain
B) Clinical
C) Emotional
D) Social

Question 24

__________ death occurs when the brain fails to receive a sufficient supply of oxygen for a period of time and so ceases to function.

A) Brain
B) Biological
C) Cerebral
D) Clinical

Question 25

In general, if a person goes without oxygen for approximately __________, brain death will occur.

A) 8 to 10 minutes
B) 30 to 50 seconds
C) 5 to 8 minutes
D) 15 to 20 minutes

Question 26

__________ is a technique for reviving an individual's lungs and heart that have ceased to function.

A) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
B) Heart and lung compression
C) Cardiovascular recovery
D) Cerebropulmonary resuscitation

Question 27

__________ death occurs when respiration and heartbeat have stopped.

A) Brain
B) Clinical
C) Biological
D) Physiological

Question 28

Which type of death is LEAST useful to the medical profession?

A) Clinical
B) Brain
C) Social
D) Biological

Question 29

After Alberto was pronounced dead at an accident scene, EMT gave him cardiopulmonary resuscitation and revived him. What type of death had Alberto experienced?

A) Social death
B) Clinical death
C) Brain death
D) Biological death

Question 30

Travis is a young man who was born in 1979. All of his grandparents, aunts, uncles, both his parents, and all of his siblings are still alive. On the average, how long may a contemporary family, like Travis's, expect to live without suffering the loss of a family member to death?

A) About nine years
B) Perhaps 35 years
C) Less than 12 years
D) On the average, 20 years

Question 31

__________ occurs when a person stops breathing and a pulse can't be detected.

A) Brain
B) Biological
C) Clinical
D) Physiological

Question 32

Psychologist Francine leads a weekly grief therapy group for parents who have lost children to early death. The need for seeking help due to a child's death may be higher now than a hundred years ago because:

A) infant and childhood mortality has been nearly eliminated in Western societies, and thus people are less familiar with childhood death.
B) prior to the twentieth century, half of all children died before their 10th birthday, and thus people were more familiar with childhood death.
C) in Western societies, death comes mostly to the old, thus people are less familiar with childhood death.
D) all of these

Question 33

Dianna is in a state of brain death. She is unconscious but remains alive in this condition. This is possible because:

A) social death has not yet occurred.
B) with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, it is still possible to return her to alertness.
C) breathing and heartbeat functions are governed by the brainstem, which is still alive in brain death.
D) the cortex and midbrain are still getting oxygen.

Question 34

What is the correct sequence of cessation of brain function?

A) the cortex, the midbrain, the brainstem
B) the cortex, the brainstem, the midbrain
C) the brainstem, the cortex, the midbrain
D) the brainstem, the midbrain, the cortex

Question 35

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation has proven the unreliability of:

A) brain death.
B) clinical death.
C) social death.
D) biological death.

Question 36

Which of the following components of CPR is no longer considered necessary?

A) mouth-to-mouth breathing
B) chest compressions every three seconds
C) chest compressions every two minutes
D) about 100 chest compressions per minute

Question 37

If brain death occurs, a person still remains alive in this condition because:

A) autoplasia stimulates heartbeat and breathing.
B) neuroplasia stimulates heartbeat and breathing.
C) heartbeat and breathing are governed by the brainstem.
D) heartbeat and breathing are governed by the cortex.

Question 38

An __________ is a recording of the electrical activity produced by the firing of the neurons in the brain.

A) electroencephalogram
B) electrocardiogram
C) electromyogram
D) electrocereberalogram

Question 39

Camille's heartbeat is undetectable and her breathing has stopped. Camille has undergone __________ death.

A) clinical
B) social
C) brain
D) biological

Question 40

When all electrical activity in the brain has ceased, __________ death has occurred.

A) cerebral
B) brain
C) functional
D) clinical

Question 41

How is a toddler likely to respond to the death of a parent?

A) with major issues in cognitive and social development
B) with few problems due to their young age
C) better than an adolescent as they can't imagine what death is
D) after an initial period of adjustment, no serious deficits will be seen

Question 42

Mabel was ailing for several weeks before she "flatlined" and was pronounced dead. This criteria is associated with __________ death.

A) brain
B) biological
C) clinical
D) social

Question 43

Leo was three when his mother and father died in a car accident. What critical phase of Leo's development has been interrupted?

A) Identity
B) Purpose
C) Attachment
D) Separation anxiety

Question 44

After suffering for over two months with cancer, Clarence was declared __________ dead, because he was unreceptive, unresponsive, didn't move, wasn't breathing, had no reflexes, and his EEG was flat for 26 hours.

A) officially
B) practically
C) certifiably
D) legally

Question 45

Upon arrival at the hospital, Richie was not breathing and had no detectable pulse. Emergency room personnel could not find electrical activity in Richie's brain, heart, or lungs. Richie was pronounced as __________ dead.

A) biologically
B) legally
C) brain
D) clinically

Question 46

Biological death occurs when:

A) respiration and heartbeat have stopped.
B) the brain fails to receive a sufficient supply of oxygen for a short period of time.
C) a person is treated essentially as a corpse, although perhaps still clinically alive.
D) it is no longer possible to discern an electrical charge in the tissues of the heart and lungs.

Question 47

If an individual has stopped breathing and a pulse is not detected, but cardiopulmonary resuscitation is employed, __________ death may be avoided.

A) brain
B) clinical
C) biological
D) social

Question 48

Holly was involved in a devastating car accident. Upon arrival at the hospital, no electrical activity could be found in her lungs or heart tissues. Holly's condition would be labeled as __________ death.

A) Brain
B) Clinical
C) Legal
D) Biological

Question 49

__________ death occurs when a patient is treated essentially as a corpse, although perhaps still "clinically" or "biologically" alive.

A) Legal
B) Practical
C) Social
D) Cultural

Question 50

Adolescents are better able to deal with death than younger children because adolescents are:

A) in the late stages of concrete operations.
B) better able to rationalize the absence of a loved one.
C) are solidly in the postformal operational stage of cognitive development.
D) in the formal operational stage of cognitive development.

Question 51

Rapula lost his mother a year ago and has lived with his grandmother and father since then. He loves them and is loved by them, but has a hard time imagining where his mother is, because he doesn't understand the concept of death. Rapula is likely __________ years old.

A) one and a half
B) five
C) 12
D) 18

Question 52

__________ occurs when it is no longer possible to discern an electrical charge in the tissues of the heart and lungs.

A) Brain death
B) Social death
C) Clinical death
D) Biological death

Question 53

Five to ten year old children have a difficult time with death, because they can't:

A) understand the abstract concept of death.
B) comprehend spirituality.
C) conceive of an afterlife.
D) all of these

Question 54

Which of the following is a criterion for legal death?

A) Flat EEG
B) Unreceptivity and unresponsiveness
C) No movements or breathing
D) all of these

Question 55

__________ death occurs when an individual may have no detectable heartbeat or respiration, and so preparation for burial begins; however, attempts to resuscitate may have been successful.

A) Social death
B) Biological death
C) Brain death
D) Legal death

Question 56

Agnes asked that her organs be made available for transplant if she were to ever be in an irreversible coma, but her doctor says that the hospital has a policy of only taking organs for donation upon attaining a state of legal death. Agnes is concerned that this policy will thwart her wishes because:

A) in most states, people may not be kept alive more than two days after becoming comatose.
B) in the 24-hour wait period designated for an EEG to remain flat, organs can suffer irreparable damage.
C) clinical death and social death will confound the question of viable organs for transplant.
D) all of these

Question 57

An individual with unreceptivity and unresponsivity, no movements or breathing, no reflexes, and a flat EEG reading for 24 hours meets the criteria for __________ death.

A) brain
B) clinical
C) legal
D) biological

Question 58

__________ is sometimes seen in the hospital setting, where a patient is treated as a corpse, although the person may actually still be alive.

A) Social death
B) Biological death
C) Brain death
D) Legal death

Question 59

__________ death is a official pronouncement made by a qualified person that a patient should be considered dead under the law.

A) Authorized
B) Certified
C) Legal
D) Executive

Question 60

Much to her horror, Mrs. Dickinson arrived at the hospital to visit her terminally ill husband, Bill, and found the staff wrapping up his limbs and attaching a toe tag, even though he was still on the ventilator and had not experienced total organ failure. Sadly, Mrs. Dickinson was witnessing __________ death.

A) brain
B) social
C) clinical
D) legal

Question 61

Hallie doesn't wear a helmet when she rides her bicycle and drives too fast. She doesn't worry because she feels like she will live forever. Hallie is likely:

A) an adolescent.
B) an emerging adult.
C) in early adulthood.
D) in middle childhood.

Question 62

What is the attitude towards death of most individuals in late adulthood?

A) They regret that there are few years ahead of them and tend to fall into depression.
B) They become more accepting of others and less judgmental.
C) They are more rigid as they face the reality of their mortality.
D) They revert to the ego-centrism of early childhood and adolescence and become introverted.

Question 63

Mi-young is in her late 20s. If she is typical of young adults, what does Mi-young likely think about death?

A) She thinks she is indestructible and so doesn't worry about death.
B) She worries constantly as she knows over half her life is over.
C) She is concerned about her death, because she doesn't want to leave her loved ones without care and support.
D) She is reassessing her life and is aware of her mortality.

Question 64

__________ is the term for the emotion experienced before the imminent death of a person.

A) Anticipatory grief
B) Bereavement
C) Mourning
D) Angst

Question 65

Charles is in good health but, concerned about the welfare of his family, he has made a will, settled his finances, and distributed his property so that no one will be overly burdened when he passes away. Charles is likely:

A) in middle age.
B) in late adulthood.
C) separating from his mentor to become a mentor.
D) in the midlife reappraisal period.

Question 66

Young children may worry about death more than teens do, because teens generally operate:

A) according to the principles of operational thought.
B) with defense mechanisms such as denial and rationalization.
C) in the context of an imaginary audience and can't see themselves dying.
D) within their personal fable.

Question 67

Depression, a heightened concern for the ill person, rehearsal of death, and an attempt to adjust to the consequences that are likely to occur after the death are the phases in:

A) Complicated grief.
B) clinical death.
C) dying.
D) anticipatory grief.

Question 68

Carrie was recently widowed after nearly sixty years of marriage. Her grief is so overwhelming that at times she feels as if she is losing her sanity. Research has shown that what Carrie is likely feeling is:

A) sadness.
B) anger.
C) fear.
D) sorrow.

Question 69

What is the correct sequence of phases in anticipatory grief?

A) A heightened concern for the ill person; depression; an attempt to adjust to the consequences that are likely to occur after the death; rehearsal of death
B) Depression; a heightened concern for the ill person; rehearsal of death; an attempt to adjust to the consequences that are likely to occur after death
C) Depression; a heightened concern for the ill person; an attempt to adjust to the consequences that are likely to occur after death; rehearsal of death
D) An attempt to adjust to the consequences that are likely to occur after the death; rehearsal of death; a heightened concern for the ill person; depression

Question 70

Jiao is seventeen and was shocked that her best friend died in a motorcycle accident. The death of her classmate and friend is particularly hard on Jiao, because:

A) she can't comprehend the abstract concept of death.
B) she has yet to achieve formal operations.
C) adolescents tend to see themselves as invincible.
D) she is self-absorbed and ego-centric.

Question 71

How many stages are in anticipatory grief?

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 72

Adults tend not to take the risks that adolescents do because adults:

A) recognize the responsibilities they have to family.
B) look ahead to the years they have left, appreciating the years they have lived.
C) have realized they are not invincible.
D) all of these

Question 73

According to the text, the sensation of grief is much like:

A) anger.
B) fear.
C) guilt.
D) depression.

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT a phase of anticipatory grief?

A) Rehearsal of death
B) Delayed reaction
C) A heightened concern for the ill person
D) An attempt to adjust to the consequences that are likely to occur after the death

Question 75

Maude has become more accepting as she has grown. She no longer focuses on the differences among people but the common mortality that everyone faces. Maude is likely:

A) an older adult.
B) in middle adulthood.
C) in early adulthood.
D) an emerging adult.

Question 76

Teenagers often drive too fast and take risks, because they can't imagine themselves dying. This is an example of:

A) the personal fable.
B) the imaginary audience.
C) rationalization.
D) denial.

Question 77

When Jess learned that his wife was terminally ill, he became depressed and then became quite concerned about her and her illness. As she came closer to dying, he rehearsed her death over and over in his mind and began to think about how life would be without her after she was gone. Jess is experiencing:

A) Complicated grief.
B) delayed reaction.
C) distorted reaction.
D) anticipatory grief.

Question 78

__________ is an emotional response to the loss of another, including feelings of anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness.

A) Sorrow
B) Grievance
C) Grief
D) Distress

Question 79

A rational outlook on death develops during:

A) adolescence.
B) early adulthood.
C) middle adulthood.
D) late adulthood.

Question 80

Hayami watches what he eats, exercises daily, and has life insurance. While he is not worried about an imminent death, he wants his family to be protected in case something does happen. Hayami is likely in:

A) adolescence.
B) early adulthood.
C) late adulthood.
D) the "young old" age group.