Deck 10: Social Cognition

Question 1

One phenomenon in social neuroscience of particular relevance for the development of social learning is the discovery of mirror neurons which

A) were first identified in the frontal lobes of monkeys.
B) were first identified in the amygdala of monkeys.
C) did not respond when a monkey either performed or watched someone else perform a goal-directed act.
D) the neurons fired when a monkey watched a hand making grasping movements without something to grasp.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to Bandura self-efficacy is the extent to which a person views himself or herself as an effective individual. Self-efficacy develops through experience. Which of the following is not an element of self-efficacy?

A) Children evaluate the effectiveness of their own actions.
B) Children compare their own actions with the actions of others.
C) Children are told by others how their behavior meets certain standards.
D) Children compare their actions only in a downward way.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Discuss the four subprocesses proposed by Bandura that govern observational learning.

Answer 3

Answer should center around the concepts outlined under the section titled: Factors Involved in Observational learning,

Question 4

Several researchers have noted that preschoolers will faithfully reproduce the actions of model even when those actions are irrelevant to attaining a goal.

Question 5

Kohlberg (1966) proposed that children's understanding of gender develops in the same way as their understanding of the physical world.

Question 6

Gender identity refers to the inability to identify oneself as male or female and to accurately identify the gender of others including homosexual and transgender individuals.

Question 7

Gender stability refers to the knowledge that gender remains stable over time.

Question 8

Neonatal imitation is the phenomenon where infants within their first days of life will copy the facial expressions of and adult.

Question 9

Slaby and Frey (1975) reported three components in the development of gender constancy. What are the three components?

A) identity, stability and consistency
B) identity, self-esteem, and consistency
C) identity, assimilation, and covariation
D) identity, self-esteem, and covariation

Question 10

Which of the following is not one of Dodge's sequential steps of information processing necessary for competent social functioning?

A) encoding
B) miscommunication
C) response search and response evaluation
D) enactment

Question 11

Charles Cooley (1902) use the term looking-glass self to capture the idea that our self-concept is not a reflection of how other people see and respond to us but how we inherently see ourselves despite others.

Question 12

Piaget claimed that the earliest form of social learning is mutual imitation, in which

A) the baby initiates a behavior that is mimicked by the adult, which in turn activates the baby to continue that behavior.
B) the baby passively waits for an adult to engage in a behavior before copying it.
C) the baby passively waits for another baby to engage in a similar behavior.
D) the baby realizes that it is incapable in social learning processes.

Question 13

Discuss in detail the Forms of Social Learning.

Question 14

Meltzoff and Moore (1977, 1985) have suggested that modeling effects during early infancy could be attributed to all of the following except:

A) learning.
B) selectie imitation.
C) an innate relating mechanism.
D) inherent memory processes.

Question 15

Discuss the five capabilities proposed by Bandura that contribute to children's learning about their social world and their place in it, each of which develops.

Question 16

Social learning refers to situations in which one individual comes to behave similarly to others.

Question 17

Gender consistency refers to the knowledge that gender remains the same despite changes in behavior or dress.

Question 18

Infants as young as 2 months old often have daily exposure to their image from mirrors and so by 3 months of age, they recognize themselves as a familiar sight.

Question 19

Discuss in detail the social brain hypothesis to account for the evolution of human intelligence and our species' eventual ecological dominance.

Question 20

Bandura proposed five capabilities that contribute to children's learning about their social world and their place in it, each of which develops. Which of the following is not one of the five capabilities?

A) symbolization
B) meaningfulness
C) self-regulation
D) vicarious learning

Question 21

Explain Dodge's five sequential steps of information processing necessary for competent social functioning.

Question 22

Discuss in detail Meltzoff and Moore's (1985) concept of active intermodal mapping.

Question 23

According to Diane Ruble and her colleagues (2006), gender schemas are interrelated networks of mental associations representing information about the sexes. Further explain this in detail along with examples.

Question 24

Discuss Dodge's model of social exchange in children.