Deck 32: Sleep Apnea

Question 1

Clinical disorders associated with central sleep apnea include:
1) Pickwickian syndrome.
2) depression.
3) encephalitis.
4) brain stem infarction.

A)1, 2
B)3, 4
C)1, 2, 3
D)2, 3, 4

Answer 1

3, 4

Question 2

Signs and symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea include:
1) insomnia.
2) excessive daytime sleepiness.
3) hypothyroidism.
4) metabolic alkalosis.

A)1, 2
B)3, 4
C)1, 2, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Answer 2

1, 2

Question 3

Sleep apnea is associated with:
1) increased SVR.
2) decreased SVR.
3) increased PVR.
4) decreased PVR.

A)1, 3
B)2, 3
C)1, 3, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Answer 3

1, 3

Question 4

First-line treatment for the management of hyperventilation-related central sleep apnea includes:

A) CPAP.
B) adaptive servo-ventilation (VPAP).
C) mechanical ventilation.
D) palatopharyngoplasty.

Question 5

Which of the following are found during rapid eye movement sleep?
1) The diaphragm functions normally.
2) The person is easy to awaken.
3) Dreaming occurs.
4) Skeletal muscles are paralyzed.

A)1, 2
B)1, 3, 4
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Question 6

The rationale behind the use of supplemental oxygen in the treatment of sleep apnea is to:

A) preoxygenate the airway prior to the apneic episodes.
B) stimulate the central chemoreceptors and prevent apneic episodes.
C) increase the respiratory drive in the medulla.
D) blow off carbon dioxide in the alveolus.

Question 7

During a pulmonary function study, it was found that a patient has a sawtooth pattern on his flow-volume loop. What is this finding associated with?

A) Central sleep apnea
B) COPD
C) Obstructive sleep apnea
D) Laryngeal edema (epiglottitis)

Question 8

Which of the following may be a disadvantage of in-home portable sleep testing?

A) Convenience
B) Patient acceptance
C) Performed over multiple nights
D) Published standards for scoring or interpretation

Question 9

Mixed sleep apnea has which of these traits?
1) Obstructive apnea traits
2) Central apnea traits
3) Usually begins as central apnea
4) Usually ends as central apnea

A)2, 4
B)1, 3
C)1, 2, 3
D)1, 2, 4

Question 10

Which of the following may be used in the management of a patient with central sleep apnea?
1) Acetazolamide
2) Oxygen therapy
3) Inhaled bronchodilator medications
4) Adaptive servo-ventilation (VPAP)

A)1, 3
B)2, 4
C)1, 2, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Question 11

A CPAP titration polysomnogram is performed to:

A) find the maximum CPAP level for the functional residual capacity.
B) determine the lowest possible CPAP level.
C) find the CPAP level to maintain an open airway.
D) determine the pressure needed for negative-pressure ventilation.

Question 12

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias is life threatening?

A) Atrioventricular block
B) Sinus bradycardia
C) Ventricular tachycardia
D) Premature ventricular contraction

Question 13

Scales used in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea include:
1) Glasgow Coma Scale.
2) Epworth Sleepiness scale.
3) Fatigue Severity Scale.
4) Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale.

A)1, 2
B)3, 4
C)1, 2, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Question 14

Sleep apnea would be diagnosed in a patient who has which of these findings?
1) More than 15 apnea episodes per hour of sleep.
2) More than 5 apnea episodes per hour over an 8-hour period.
3) More than 75% of the apneas are obstructive.
4) More than 75% of the apneas and hypopneas are obstructive.

A)1, 4
B)2, 3
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 3, 4

Question 15

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is useful in the management of the patient with obstructive sleep apnea because it:

A) pushes air into and out of the lungs like a mechanical ventilator.
B) prevents airway collapse.
C) stretches the J receptors in the chest wall to stimulate breathing.
D) delivers a tidal volume breath to the patient.

Question 16

The respiratory therapist is evaluating a patient for risk for obstructive sleep apnea. Which of the following are risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea?
1) Excess weight
2) Large neck size
3) Hypertension
4) Hypoglycemia

A)1, 3
B)1, 2, 4
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Question 17

Which of the following is typically not evaluated during a polysomnographic sleep study?

A) Breath sounds.
B) Chest and/or abdominal movement
C) Electro-oculogram (EOG)
D) Nasal and oral air flow