Deck 16: Bronchiectasis

Question 1

A mother brought her 2-year-old son to the physician. He has been coughing up secretions and having wheezy breathing ever since choking on food 6 months ago. The physician diagnosed the boy with bronchiectasis. What could be the cause?

A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Measles
C) Asthma
D) Aspiration

Answer 1

Aspiration

Question 2

Which of the following is the usual characteristic of the sputum of a patient with bronchiectasis?

A) It is usually sweet or musky smelling.
B) When examined microscopically there are Kirshman's spirals.
C) It contains eosinophils.
D) It is usually voluminous and tends to settle into several different layers.

Answer 2

It is usually voluminous and tends to settle into several different layers.

Question 3

A patient with severe bronchiectasis may show:
1) distended neck veins.
2) pitting edema.
3) enlarged and tender liver.
4) S₃ heart sound.

A)1
B)2, 3
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Answer 3

1, 2, 3

Question 4

A patient with long-standing bronchiectasis also has pneumonia. Which of the following hematology test results would be expected?
1) Decreased red blood cell (RBC) count
2) Decreased white blood cell (WBC) count
3) Elevated WBC count
4) Increased hemoglobin and hematocrit

A)1, 2
B)3, 4
C)2, 4
D)1, 3, 4

Question 5

Congenital causes of bronchiectasis include:

A) influenza.
B) cystic fibrosis.
C) COPD.
D) rheumatic disease.

Question 6

Severe bronchiectasis is associated with:
1) vesicular breath sounds.
2) cor pulmonale.
3) distended neck veins.
4) polycythemia.

A)1
B)2, 3
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Question 7

Which of the following pulmonary function testing values would be found in a patient with severe, obstructive bronchiectasis?
1) Decreased RV/TLC ratio
2) Increased PEFR
3) Increased FEF_25%-75%
4) Decreased FEF_25%-75%

A)4
B)2, 3
C)1, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Question 8

For religious reasons, a young couple has not given their 4-year-old daughter the usual childhood immunizations. She has been repeatedly hospitalized with pulmonary infections. What should the respiratory therapist caring for the child tell the parents that the child is at risk for developing?

A) Chronic bronchitis
B) Asthma
C) Bronchiectasis
D) Left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 9

Rigid and dilated bronchi are the key anatomic alterations found in which type of bronchiectasis?

A) Varicose
B) Cystic
C) Emphysematous
D) Cylindrical

Question 10

Hemodynamic findings in a patient with severe bronchiectasis may show:
1) decreased CVP.
2) increased RAP.
3) normal cardiac output.
4) increased PVR.

A)1
B)2, 3
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Question 11

Which of the following is the term used to describe the parallel or curved opacity lines of varying length caused by branchial wall thickening that are seen in patients with cylindrical bronchiectasis?

A) Tram-lines
B) Infiltrates
C) Reid lines
D) Tubular lines

Question 12

One of the main challenges in caring for a patient with bronchiectasis is:

A) contending with bronchospasm.
B) removing excessive bronchopulmonary secretions.
C) returning the FRC to within normal limits.
D) maximizing gas exchange across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
E) rehydrating dried secretions.

Question 13

Management of the patient with bronchiectasis may include:
1) expectorants.
2) early childhood immunizations.
3) lung resection.
4) lung transplant.

A)1, 3
B)3, 4
C)1, 2, 3
D)2, 3, 4

Question 14

Which form of bronchiectasis causes the greatest amount of damage to the tracheobronchial tree?

A) Triphasic
B) Varicose
C) Cystic
D) Fusiform

Question 15

Which of the following is the hallmark of bronchiectasis?

A) Chronic cough with production of large quantities of foul-smelling sputum
B) Bronchospasm
C) Decreased DL_CO with normal to decreased expiratory flowrates on pulmonary function
D) Dyspnea on exertion

Question 16

In developed countries, the most common cause of acquired bronchiectasis is:

A) emphysema.
B) lung abscess.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) pulmonary fibrosis.

Question 17

Irregularly dilated and constricted bronchi are the key anatomic alterations found in which type of bronchiectasis?

A) Cystic
B) Varicose
C) Cylindrical
D) Saccular

Question 18

Which of the following should a patient with bronchiectasis do to reduce the risk for the condition worsening?
1) Avoid air pollution.
2) Get an influenza vaccination.
3) Take an antibiotic every day.
4) Avoid smoking.

A)3, 4
B)1, 2, 4
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Question 19

Patients with bronchiectasis can have which of the following anatomic alterations?
1) Hyperinflation
2) Pulmonary embolism
3) Consolidation
4) Pneumothorax

A)1, 3
B)1, 4
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Question 20

The preferred imaging method to diagnose a patient's with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is:

A) posterior-anterior radiograph (x-ray).
B) anterior-posterior radiograph (x-ray).
C) high-resolution computed tomography (HR-CT).
D) bronchogram.