Deck 27: Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands

Question 1

Melatonin, a hormone made by this gland, controls our diurnal (daily) cycle.

A) thymus
B) pineal
C) thyroid
D) pituitary

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary include .

A) TSH and prolactin
B) ACTH and GH
C) LH, FSH, ACTH, and TSH
D) FSH, LH, and prolactin

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Hypersecretion of this hormone results in loss of calcium from the bones, and softening and spontaneous fractures of the bones.

A) parathyroid hormone
B) insulin
C) growth hormone
D) gonadocorticoids

Answer 3

A

Question 4

This gland produces the hormone calcitonin.

A) parathyroid
B) pancreas
C) pituitary
D) thyroid

Question 5

Which hormones are produced by the parathyroid gland?

A) calcitonin and PTH
B) T3 and T4
C) only PTH
D) calcitonin and calcitriol

Question 6

This gland is located in the cranial cavity and produces the hormone melatonin.

A) hypothalamus
B) pituitary
C) choroid plexus
D) pineal

Question 7

Hyposecretion of insulin, or a deficiency in insulin receptors leads to .

A) hypoglycemia
B) tetany
C) diabetes mellitus
D) hirsutism

Question 8

This hormone is the major controller of blood calcium on a day-to-day basis.

A) renal caltrate
B) parathyroid hormone
C) calcitriol
D) calcitonin

Question 9

These hormones pass through the hypophyseal portal system to act on cells of the anterior pituitary gland.

A) releasing or inhibiting hormones
B) tropic hormones
C) FSH and LH
D) growth hormone and prolactin

Question 10

What gland makes growth hormone?

A) thyroid
B) pituitary
C) pancreas
D) adrenal

Question 11

Hormones released from this gland include ADH and oxytocin.

A) anterior pituitary
B) pineal
C) posterior pituitary
D) hypothalamus

Question 12

Hyposecretion of results in increased urinary output and dehydration.

A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
C) mineralocorticoids
D) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 13

Cretinism, a condition characterized by mental retardation in children, is caused by deficiency of .

A) growth hormone
B) thyroid hormone
C) insulin
D) aldosterone

Question 14

The function of this hormone is to stimulate growth, particularly of long bones and muscle.

A) thymosins
B) calcitonin
C) growth hormone
D) thyroid hormone

Question 15

This hormone stimulates uterine contractions during birth and causes milk ejection in the lactating mother.

A) oxytocin
B) prolactin
C) melatonin
D) gonadocorticoids

Question 16

This endocrine gland sits atop the kidneys. It's inner most portion releases the hormone epinephrine.

A) thyroid
B) pancreas
C) thymus
D) adrenal

Question 17

This adrenal cortex hormone is involved in regulation of salt and water balance.

A) aldosterone
B) cortisol
C) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) androgens

Question 18

The hormone glucagon .

A) accelerates transport of glucose into body cells
B) raises blood glucose
C) stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen or fat for storage
D) raises blood glucose, accelerates transport of glucose into body cells, and stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen or fat for storage

Question 19

In addition to endocrine glands, some organs whose functions are primarily nonendocrine also produce hormones. These endocrine tissues include _ and _.

A) parathyroids, skin
B) heart, kidneys
C) gastrointestinal tract, adrenals
D) adipose tissue, sweat glands

Question 20

The adrenal cortex produces the hormones .

A) androgens
B) aldosterone
C) cortisol
D) aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens

Question 21

Blood borne factors (e.g. ions, glucose, amino acids) cause the release of all of these hormones except .

A) insulin
B) epinephrine
C) parathyroid hormone (PTH)
D) calcitonin

Question 22

Which cells of the pancreas produce insulin?

A) acinar cells
B) beta cells
C) alpha cells
D) chief cells

Question 23

Connected by a stalk called the infundibulum, this region of the brain is intimately associated with the pituitary gland and its hormones.

A) pineal gland
B) mammillary body
C) hypothalamus
D) thalamus

Question 24

Action potentials from hypothalamic neurons cause the release of this hormone.

A) prolactin
B) oxytocin
C) luteinizing hormone (LH)
D) growth hormone (GH)

Question 25

Growth hormone and prolactin are produced by these anterior pituitary cells.

A) acidophil cells
B) basophil cells
C) pituicytes
D) chromophobes

Question 26

Diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by thirst and excessive urine output is caused by .

A) hypersecretion of ADH
B) hyposecretion of insulin
C) hypersecretion of insulin
D) hyposecretion of ADH

Question 27

These hormones are produced in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. They help the body resist long-term stressors.

A) gonadocorticoids
B) glucocorticoids
C) mineralocorticoids

Question 28

Graves' disease, characterized by high metabolic rate, weight loss, irregular heart rate, and protrusion of the eyeballs is caused by .

A) hypersecretion of growth hormone
B) hyposecretion of insulin
C) hyposecretion of aldosterone
D) hypersecretion of thyroid hormone