Question 1

Taste receptor cells are found in structures called _.&#10;A) taste pores&#10;B) taste buds&#10;C) epithelial layers&#10;D) papilllae

Accepted Answer

Taste receptor cells are located within taste buds, which are the sensory organs for taste found on the tongue and other parts of the mouth.

Question 2

Olfactory receptor cells differ from all other receptors for special senses in that they .&#10;A) detect chemicals&#10;B) are neurons&#10;C) have hairs&#10;D) are of epithelial origin

Accepted Answer

Olfactory receptor cells are unique among the receptors for special senses because they are actually neurons, capable of transmitting signals directly to the brain. Other special senses like taste, vision, hearing, and balance involve receptor cells that are not neurons themselves but influence neurons to send signals to the brain.

Question 3

Salty taste seems to be due to _.&#10;A) H+ ions&#10;B) Na+ ions&#10;C) sugars and lead salts&#10;D) the amino acid glutamate

Accepted Answer

Salty taste is primarily due to the presence of sodium ions (Na+ ions) in food.

Question 4

Tastes associated with caffeine, quinine, or aspirin are detected primarily by taste receptors.&#10;A) sour&#10;B) umami&#10;C) bitter&#10;D) salty&#10;E) sweet

Accepted Answer

Caffeine, quinine, and aspirin are primarily detected by bitter taste receptors. These substances have a bitter taste, which is one of the basic tastes detected by the human taste system.

Question 5

Of all the factors that influence our sense of taste, this is the most important one.&#10;A) smell&#10;B) temperature&#10;C) texture

Accepted Answer

Smell is the most important factor influencing our sense of taste because it combines with taste to create the flavor perception. Most of what we perceive as taste actually comes from our sense of smell.

Question 6

Airborne chemicals are most likely to stimulate .&#10;A) taste receptors for bitter&#10;B) olfactory receptors, taste receptors for umami, and taste receptors for bitter&#10;C) olfactory receptors&#10;D) taste receptors for umami

Accepted Answer

Airborne chemicals are most likely to stimulate olfactory receptors, which are responsible for our sense of smell. Taste receptors, including those for bitter and umami, require substances to be in solution (e.g., saliva) to be activated.

Question 7

Taste receptor cells are also called .&#10;A) gustatory cells&#10;B) papillae&#10;C) taste hairs&#10;D) taste buds

Accepted Answer

Gustatory cells are the sensory receptor cells that respond to chemical stimuli in the oral cavity, thus directly involved in the sense of taste, making them synonymous with taste receptor cells.

Question 8

Because of anatomical differences in the olfactory system, the sense of smell may be more important to this animal than it is to humans.&#10;A) fish&#10;B) predatory bird&#10;C) sheep

Accepted Answer

Sheep have a highly developed sense of smell, which is crucial for communication, recognizing other sheep, and detecting predators, making it more important for them than for humans.

Question 9

The axons of olfactory receptor cells constitute .&#10;A) CN I&#10;B) CN II&#10;C) CN III&#10;D) CN IV

Accepted Answer

The axons of olfactory receptor cells form the olfactory nerve, which is cranial nerve I (CN I).

Question 10

Acids primarily activate receptors that respond to tastes.&#10;A) sour&#10;B) salty&#10;C) sweet&#10;D) bitter&#10;E) umami

Accepted Answer

Acids primarily activate sour taste receptors. Sour taste is recognized through the presence of hydrogen ions (H+) from acids.

Question 11

Nerve fibers from the olfactory bulb project directly to .&#10;A) the olfactory cortex (uncus)&#10;B) the thalamus&#10;C) the basal nuclei (basal ganglia)&#10;D) the hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nerve fibers from the olfactory bulb project...

Question 12

Which structures form a V-shape on the posterior portion of the tongue?&#10;A) fungiform papillae&#10;B) foliate papillae&#10;C) vallate papillae

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which structures form a V-shape on the...

Question 13

Adaptation _.&#10;A) is a property of all sensory receptors&#10;B) occurs when the stimulus is still present, but can no longer be detected&#10;C) cannot occur for the chemical senses&#10;D) occurs only for the sense of smell

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adaptation _.&#10;A) is a property of all...

Question 14

The sensation of taste is carried on axons of the following cranial nerve(s): .&#10;A) V&#10;B) III, IV, and VI&#10;C) I&#10;D) VII, IX, and X

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sensation of taste is carried on...

Question 15

Sugar crystals placed on a dry tongue _ .&#10;A) activate sweet receptors immediately&#10;B) do not activate any taste receptors&#10;C) activate receptors located only in the middle of the tongue&#10;D) activate sweet and umami receptors immediately

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sugar crystals placed on a dry tongue...

Question 16

Taste receptors are found primarily on the tongue, but may also be found _ _.&#10;A) in the soft palate and pharynx&#10;B) throughout the nasal passages&#10;C) in the olfactory epithelium&#10;D) in the esophagus

Accepted Answer

The answer of Taste receptors are found primarily on the...

Question 17

The portion of the bipolar olfactory receptor cell that actually detects odors is the .&#10;A) proximal axon&#10;B) dendrite&#10;C) axon terminal&#10;D) olfactory cilium

Accepted Answer

The answer of The portion of the bipolar olfactory receptor...

Question 18

Both olfactory receptor cells and taste receptor cells are .&#10;A) capable of detecting more than one special sensation&#10;B) located within specialized structures called papillae&#10;C) surrounded by epithelial support cells&#10;D) sensitive to chemicals in the air

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both olfactory receptor cells and taste receptor...

Question 19

It is easier to taste and identify a particular substance if .&#10;A) the substance is cold&#10;B) the nose is plugged&#10;C) the substance has a distinct texture&#10;D) the substance has a distinct texture, the nose is plugged, and the substance is cold

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is easier to taste and identify...

Question 20

The olfactory epithelium .&#10;A) lines the nasal cavity&#10;B) lies superior to the cribriform plate&#10;C) is found in the roof of the nasal cavity&#10;D) surrounds the olfactory bulb

Accepted Answer

The answer of The olfactory epithelium .&#10;A) lines the nasal...

Question 21

A substance cannot dissolve in water or the mucous that coats the olfactory epithelium. What is true about this substance?&#10;A) We cannot detect it using the chemical senses.&#10;B) We can detect it by taste but not smell.&#10;C) We can detect it by smell but not taste.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A substance cannot dissolve in water or...

Question 22

are precursor cells that give rise to new gustatory epithelial cells.&#10;A) Basal epithelial cells&#10;B) Sensory neurons&#10;C) Olfactory stem cells

Accepted Answer

The answer of are precursor cells that give rise to...

Question 23

Umami taste sensation is elicited by .&#10;A) salt&#10;B) sugars&#10;C) amino acids glutamate and aspartate&#10;D) acids

Accepted Answer

The answer of Umami taste sensation is elicited by .&#10;A)...

Question 24

Adaptation of the olfactory epithelium _ .&#10;A) is difficult to detect&#10;B) occurs readily in the presence of odorants&#10;C) rarely occurs&#10;D) occurs only when the surrounding air is cold

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adaptation of the olfactory epithelium _ .&#10;A)...

Deck 26: Special Senses: Olfaction and Taste