Deck 40: Anatomy of the Urinary System

Question 1

The pathway taken by blood from the renal artery to the afferent arteriole is, in correct sequence, .

A) arcuate artery, interlobar artery, segmental artery, cortical radiate artery
B) segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, cortical radiate artery
C) cortical radiate artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery
D) interlobar artery, segmental artery, arcuate artery, cortical radiate artery

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Of the following urinary system organs, major homeostatic functions are performed by the _ .

A) urinary bladder
B) ureters
C) urethra
D) kidneys

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The vessel that supplies blood to the nephron is called the .

A) efferent arteriole
B) afferent arteriole
C) cortical radiate artery
D) arcuate artery

Answer 3

B

Question 4

These cells form a porous membrane surrounding the endothelial cells of the glomerulus.

A) squamous cells
B) cuboidal cells
C) columnar cells
D) podocytes

Question 5

Name the structures in the kidney that produce urine.

A) nephrons
B) afferent and efferent arterioles
C) collecting ducts
D) major and minor calyces

Question 6

In which segment of the nephron would you find cuboidal cells with many microvilli and mitochondria?

A) proximal convoluted tubule
B) distal convoluted tubule
C) nephron loop (thin segment)
D) glomerulus

Question 7

This structure is a capillary bed from which blood is filtered into the nephron.

A) glomerular capsule
B) renal corpuscle
C) glomerulus
D) peritubular capillary

Question 8

List the parts of the nephron in correct sequential order: .

A) proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, glomerulus
B) nephron loop, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule
C) glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop
D) glomerulus, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule

Question 9

As urine is formed it flows through the collecting ducts to enter, in order, the following structures.

A) renal pelvis, minor calyces, major calyces, ureter
B) major calyces, minor calyces, ureter, renal pelvis
C) minor calyces, renal pelvis, major calyces, ureter
D) minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter

Question 10

The renal artery enters the kidney at this indented area.

A) trigone
B) hilum
C) renal medulla
D) renal pelvis

Question 11

Blood flows from the peritubular capillary to the renal vein through this sequence of vessels.

A) cortical radiate vein, interlobar vein, arcuate vein
B) arcuate vein, cortical radiate vein, interlobar vein
C) interlobar vein, arcuate vein, cortical radiate vein
D) cortical radiate vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein

Question 12

The functions of the urinary system include .

A) excreting nitrogenous wastes
B) maintaining acid-base and fluid balance
C) maintaining electrolyte balance
D) excreting nitrogenous wastes, maintaining electrolyte balance, and maintaining acid-base and fluid balance

Question 13

What is true about the urethral sphincters?

A) The internal urethral sphincter is under involuntary control.
B) Both sphincters are under voluntary control.
C) The external urethral sphincter is under involuntary control.
D) The internal urethral sphincter is made up of skeletal muscle.

Question 14

The outermost portion of the kidney is called the renal .

A) medulla
B) cortex
C) pelvis
D) column

Question 15

Nephrons consist of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscles are located in the of the kidney.

A) columns
B) cortex
C) medulla
D) pelvis

Question 16

Urine is formed by three processes. In which process do filtrate components that are useful to the body move from the nephron into the blood?

A) tubular secretion
B) tubular reabsorption
C) filtration

Question 17

The juxtamedullary nephrons _ .

A) have a nephron loop that penetrates deep into the renal medulla, and play an important role in concentrating urine
B) have a nephron loop that penetrates deep into the renal medulla
C) are located almost entirely within the renal cortex
D) are most numerous
E) play an important role in concentrating urine

Question 18

Which of the following directly enclose the papilla of the renal pyramid?

A) renal pelvis
B) major calys
C) minor calyx
D) renal column

Question 19

A fenestrated squamous epithelium can be observed in this structure within the kidney.

A) proximal convoluted tubule
B) distal convoluted tubule
C) glomerulus
D) nephron loop

Question 20

The veins that drain the kidney include all of those below except .

A) arcuate veins
B) cortical radiate veins
C) interlobar veins
D) segmental veins

Question 21

The nephron loops of the juxtamedullary nephrons are surrounded by a looping, ladder-like blood vessel called the .

A) peritubular capillary
B) medullary loop
C) perinephron capillary
D) vasa recta

Question 22

Many nephrons empty into a _.

A) columnar duct
B) collecting duct
C) renal tubule
D) microcalyx

Question 23

What is true about the renal processes for making urine?

A) Filtration occurs only in the glomerular capsule.
B) Reabsorption occurs only in the proximal convoluted tubule.
C) Filtration occurs only in the glomerular capsule, reabsorption occurs only in the proximal convoluted tubule, and secretion occurs only in the proximal convoluted tubule.
D) Secretion occurs only in the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 24

During filtration in the nephron, substances move _.

A) from the glomerulus into the nephron
B) from the peritubular capillary into the nephron
C) from the nephron into the peritubular capillary
D) from the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus

Question 25

This type of epithelium is found lining the inside of the urinary bladder.

A) simple cuboidal
B) simple squamous
C) stratified squamous
D) transitional

Question 26

The juxtaglomerular apparatus _.

A) is found where the most distal part of the ascending limb of the nephron loop touches the afferent arteriole
B) contains a region of chemoreceptor cells called the macula densa in the distal nephron loop
C) is found where the most distal part of the ascending limb of the nephron loop touches the afferent arteriole, contains granular cells in the afferent arteriole that sense blood pressure, and contains a region of
Chemoreceptor cells called the macula densa in the distal nephron loop
D) contains granular cells in the afferent arteriole that sense blood pressure

Question 27

Tubular secretion in the nephron is a process by which substances move .

A) from the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus
B) from the nephron into the peritubular capillary
C) from the peritubular capillary into the nephron
D) from the glomerulus into the nephron

Question 28

Micturition is a synonym for .

A) full bladder
B) urinary frequency
C) emptying the bladder
D) incontinence